The Biblioteca Estense ( Estense Library ), was the family library of the marquises and dukes of the House of Este . The exact date of the library's birth is still under speculation, however it is known for certain that the library was in use during the fourteenth century. Whilst it was greatly enriched during the Renaissance years in Ferrara , the library was concretely established in Modena in the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is known as one of the most important libraries in Italy . The library is located, along with the Galleria Estense directly below its collection of artworks, in the Palazzo dei Musei (Piazza Sant'Agostino 337) in Modena.
16-626: On the ascension of the Marquis Niccolò III d'Este to the Ferrarese duchy in 1393, he inherited an important humanistic library, rich in works of literary, historical and artistic content. Its collection grew considerably during the Renaissance period with manuscripts and printed editions considered today to be of fundamental value, thanks to the refined and attentive patronage of the Este dukes. In 1598,
32-641: A descendant of Obizzo II d'Este , who contested Niccolò's right to rule in Ferrara due to his illegitimate birth, even though Niccolò had been legitimated by his father. However, Azzo's mercenary forces were defeated in the battle and Azzo himself was taken prisoner and subsequently imprisoned by Astorre I Manfredi , commander of the Regency Council forces, thus removing the threat to Niccolò's rule. In 1397 Niccolò married Gigliola da Carrara , daughter of Francesco II da Carrara , lord of Padua . In 1403 he joined
48-675: Is a town and comune of the Province of Padua , in the Veneto region of northern Italy . It is situated at the foot of the Euganean Hills . The town is a centre for farming, crafts and industry worthy of note. Este had given its name to the Este culture , a proto-historic culture existing from the late Italian Bronze Age (10th/9th century BC, proto-venetic phase) to the Roman period (1st century BC) and which
64-545: The 10th century, after the Obertenghi family started ruling on a vast area, including Este, and starting to name themselves House of Este, and when Azzo II d'Este built a castle there and named himself and his family after it, establishing the House of Este . The House of Este would hold the city until 1240, when it moved its capital to Ferrara . Este, meanwhile, was conquered twice by Ezzelino da Romano III , in 1238 and 1249. It
80-642: The Biblioteca Estense. The library holds many medieval manuscripts, among them biblical manuscripts: Codex Mutinensis , Minuscule 358 , 359 , 585 , 586 , 618 , ℓ 111 . Also known worldwide is its collection of musical manuscripts and printed books, the Raccolta musicale estense . 44°38′53″N 10°55′16″E / 44.6481°N 10.9211°E / 44.6481; 10.9211 Niccol%C3%B2 III d%27Este, Marquis of Ferrara Niccolò III d'Este (9 November 1383 – 26 December 1441)
96-662: The Estense Library merged with the University Library, which brought with it an important collection of philosophical, juridical and scientific texts. Thus was born the Estense University Library, considered today as a modern institute of national interest. Today the Library's collection contains more than 500,000 printed works, about 11,000 codexes , more than 100,000 manuscript leaves, and 1,662 incunabula . Among
112-470: The Library followed the dynasty when the capital was transferred from Ferrara to Modena. In the following centuries, the Estense Library continued to be enriched with local and international works, funded by the acquisitions of suppressed religious institutions as well as enriched by the elevated tastes of famous librarians Ludovico Antonio Muratori and Girolamo Tiraboschi . After the Unification of Italy ,
128-595: The Roman tribe of Romilia . Following the Battle of Actium , Emperor Augustus settled soldiers of the Legio V Alaudae and Legio XI Claudia in the territory of Este comprising Galzignano Terme , Teolo, Lonigo, Noventa Vicentina, Trecenta, Pernumia, Monselice, and Cinto Euganeo. In Late Antiquity , Este was devastated and reduced to a rural village because of barbarian invasions , especially that of Attila . It arose again only after
144-415: The ambitions of Filippo Maria Visconti , he ceded to him the possession of Parma . In 1425 Niccolò had both his wife Parisina and his illegitimate son Ugo executed on charges of adultery, as well as decreeing that all women within his domains found to be guilty of adultery were to be put to death. He had to rescind this order once it was determined that this action would depopulate Ferrara. In that year he
160-660: The league formed against Gian Maria Visconti , Duke of Milan, being appointed Captain General of the Papal Army by Pope Boniface IX . In 1405 he ceded the ancestral family lands near Este to Venice. In 1410 the fighting master Fiore dei Liberi dedicated his treatise, the Fior di Battaglia , to him. In 1413 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land . In 1418 he remarried Parisina Malatesta , daughter of Andrea Malatesta . Two years later, fearing
176-456: The manuscripts, the most famous is the 1,200-page Bible of Borso d'Este , extensively bordered with miniatures. The relic would be recovered and returned to Modena following the First World War . Bought at an auction, it was gifted to Italy on behalf of Senator Giovanni Treccani . The Bible is today excluded from public view for reasons of conservation, a 1963 replica now takes its place in
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#1732848940108192-522: The plague in 1416. They had no known children. He married secondly Parisina Malatesta , daughter of Andrea Malatesta . He had her executed on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his illegitimate son Ugo d'Este . They had three children: He married thirdly Ricciarda of Saluzzo in 1429. She was a daughter of Thomas III of Saluzzo and Marguerite of Pierrepont . They had two children: He also had eleven illegitimate children: Este, Veneto Este ( Italian: [ˈɛste] )
208-561: Was Marquess of Ferrara from 1393 until his death. He was also a condottiero . Born in Ferrara , the son of Alberto d'Este and Isotta Albaresani, he inherited the rule of the city in 1393 when only 10 years old. As a minor he was guided by a Regency Council supported by the Republics of Venice , Florence and Bologna . In 1395 the troops of the Regency Council were attacked at the Battle of Portomaggiore by Niccolò's relative Azzo X d'Este ,
224-582: Was again commander-in-chief of the anti-Visconti league. In 1429 his illegitimate son was named heir of the Marquisate. The role of Niccolò as a prestigious leader in Italy was confirmed when his city was chosen as the seat of a council in 1438. Niccolò had children with at least eleven different women. He married first Gigliola da Carrara , daughter of Francesco II da Carrara , lord of Padua in June 1397. She died of
240-793: Was disputed during the 14th century by the Scaligeri , the Carraresi and the Visconti , until it surrendered spontaneously to Venice in 1405. Under the Republic of Venice , Este went through a period of economic growth, interrupted only by the plague of 1630 . After the fall of the Republic in 1797 and the Napoleonic Wars , the town, with the whole Veneto region, became part of the Austrian Empire , until it
256-530: Was located in the present territory of Veneto . During the Iron Age Este was a major center of the Veneti who left a number of inscriptions on funerary and votive objects. During the late 3rd century BC, Este peacefully fell under the sway of Rome and became a Roman colony under the name of Ateste . When much of Northern Italy was granted Roman citizenship in 49 BC, the citizens of Este were inscribed into
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