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97-468: The main activities based in Bezerros are tourism, commerce and agribusiness . Especially, plantations of tomatoes and creations of cattle ' Economy by Sector 2006 This Pernambuco , Brazil location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Agribusiness Agribusiness is the industry , enterprises , and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in

194-446: A boom in using nitrogen fertilizers. In the latter half of the 20th century, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers (800% increase between 1961 and 2019) has been a crucial component of the increased productivity of conventional food systems (more than 30% per capita) as part of the so-called " Green Revolution ". A farm (also called an agricultural holding ) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with

291-566: A certain level of operations, capitalization , land area, or number of animals in the farm. The word "agribusiness" is a portmanteau of the words agriculture and business. The earliest known use of the word was in the Volume 155 of the Canadian Almanac & Directory published in 1847. Although most practitioners recognize that it was coined in 1957 by two Harvard Business School professors, John Davis and Ray Goldberg after they published

388-465: A collaboration with Boston University School of Public Health . This program allows students from Boston University to do a semester of coursework at U.P. Manila as well as an international field practicum in the Philippines. The university has 4,571 faculty, trained locally and abroad with 36% having graduate degrees. The university is one of the three universities in the Philippines affiliated with

485-553: A folder featuring the signatures of all U.P. presidents including Roman. Inspired by the U.P. Oblation , the University of the Philippines Alumni Association (UPAA) launched an art exhibit, "100 Nudes/100 Years" featuring the works of nine U.P. alumni national artists. The University of the Philippines Alumni Association announced its launching of a three-volume U.P.A.A. 2008 Centennial Yearbook on June 21, 2008, at

582-417: A rigorous economic framework for the field. They traced a complex value-added chain that begins with the farmer's purchase of seed and livestock and ends with a product fit for the consumer's table. Agribusiness boundary expansion is driven by a variety of transaction costs . As concern over global warming intensifies, biofuels derived from crops are gaining increased public and scientific attention. This

679-526: A series of core courses prescribed for all students at the undergraduate level. Most of these courses were being taught at the then College of Liberal Arts. As a result, U.P. President Vicente Sinco saw fit to reorganize the college into a University College, which would offer the core subjects to be taken during the first two years of the undergraduate program. Meanwhile, the College of Arts and Sciences and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, offered major courses in

776-514: A system of democratic consultation in which decisions such as promotions and appointments were made through greater participation by the faculty and administrative personnel. Lopez also reorganized U.P. into the U.P. System. During that period of activism, U.P. Diliman was called the Diliman Republic and elements of the police and the Metrocom stormed the campus during Martial Law. In November 1972,

873-626: A town in the province of Rizal . Construction of the Quezon City campus began in 1939. During World War II , most of its colleges had to be closed except the Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Engineering. Meanwhile, the Japanese Imperial Army occupied three Diliman campus buildings: the College of Liberal Arts Building (now Benitez Hall) and the Colleges of Law (now Malcolm Hall) and Business Administration Building. The Japanese also occupied

970-420: A variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment, or hand-tool methods. Historically, fertilization came from natural or organic sources: compost , animal manure , human manure , harvested minerals, crop rotations , and byproducts of human-nature industries (e.g. fish processing waste , or bloodmeal from animal slaughter ). However, starting in

1067-483: Is a state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university , as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 2008), giving it institutional autonomy. Originally founded by the American occupational government on June 18, 1908, it was established through the ratification of Act No. 1870 of the 1st Philippine Legislature to serve as an "advanced instruction in literature, philosophy,

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1164-491: Is a declining population of American citizens working on farms — temporary or itinerant skilled labor from outside the country is recruited for labor-intensive crops like vegetables and fruits. Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops , landscape plants , and lawns . Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around

1261-472: Is a multibillion-dollar global business, which uses growing facilities and growing locations worldwide. While most of the seed is produced by large specialist growers, large amounts are also produced by small growers who produce only one to a few crop types. The larger companies supply seed both to commercial resellers and wholesalers. The resellers and wholesalers sell to vegetable and fruit growers, and to companies who package seed into packets and sell them on to

1358-678: Is a professional in the science , practice, and management of agriculture and agribusiness. It is a regulated profession in Canada, India, the Philippines, the United States, and the European Union. Other names used to designate the profession include agricultural scientist, agricultural manager, agricultural planner, agriculture researcher, or agriculture policy maker. The primary role of agriculturists are in leading agricultural projects and programs, usually in agri business planning or research for

1455-455: Is an agriculturally -oriented shop where one sells agricultural supplies — inputs required for agricultural production such as pesticides , feed and fertilizers . Sometimes these stores are organized as cooperatives , where store customers aggregate their resources to purchase agricultural inputs. Agricultural supply and the stores that provide it are part of the larger Agribusiness industry. A farmworker , farmhand or agricultural worker

1552-464: Is common in many parts of the world as rainfed agriculture , or it can be full irrigation, where crops rarely rely on any contribution from rainfall. Full irrigation is less common and only occurs in arid landscapes with very low rainfall or when crops are grown in semi-arid areas outside of rainy seasons. Seed companies produce and sell seeds for flowers , fruits and vegetables to commercial growers and amateur gardeners . The production of seed

1649-536: Is driven by factors such as oil price spikes , the need for increased energy security , concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels , and support from government subsidies . In Europe and in the US, increased research and production of biofuels have been mandated by law. University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines ( UP ; Filipino : Unibersidad ng Pilipinas )

1746-475: Is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union , which elects a 49-member executive council. The director-general, as of 2019 Qu Dongyu of China, serves as the chief administrative officer. Various committees govern matters such as finance, programs, agriculture, and fisheries. An agriculturist , agriculturalist, agrologist, or agronomist (abbreviated as agr.)

1843-583: Is now in Clark Freeport Zone , Pampanga , Institute of Islamic Studies (1973), U.P. Film Center, National Center for Transportation Studies (1976) were also established. U.P. celebrated its 75th year in 1983. In the same spirit, a U.P. Extension Program in Olongapo was also established in 1984. Edgardo Angara 's Diamond Jubilee project raised ₱ 80 million which was earmarked for the creation of new professorial chairs and faculty grants. Angara also organized

1940-413: Is someone employed for labor in agriculture. In labor law, the term "farmworker" is sometimes used more narrowly, applying only to a hired worker involved in agricultural production, including harvesting, but not to a worker in other on- farm jobs, such as picking fruit. Agricultural work varies widely depending on context, degree of mechanization and crop. In countries like the United States where there

2037-617: Is the co-chairperson. The Chairpersons of the Committee on Higher, Technical and Vocational Education of the Senate and the Committee on Higher and Technical Education House of Representatives are members of the Board of Regents which are concurrent with their functions as committee chairpersons. U.P. students, represented by the General Assembly of Student Councils, nominate a Student Regent. While

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2134-539: The AP stylebook , also farmer's market in the Cambridge Dictionary ) is a physical retail marketplace intended to sell foods directly by farmers to consumers. Farmers' markets may be indoors or outdoors and typically consist of booths, tables or stands where farmers sell their produce, live animals and plants , and sometimes prepared foods and beverages. Farmers' markets exist in many countries worldwide and reflect

2231-613: The ASEAN University Network , and the only Philippine university to be affiliated with the ASEAN-European University Network and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities . The university has the highest financial endowment of all educational institutions in the Philippines. In 2008, the entire U.P. System received a financial subsidy from the national government of ₱ 5.7 billion. The total expenditure for

2328-913: The Asiaweek 's Best Universities in Asia last published in 2000, UP ranked 48th. In 2006, the university, through President Emerlinda R. Roman , has expressed that it did not want to participate in the THES Ranking, but was included in 2007, 2008, and 2009 with an incomplete academic profile. Moreover, UP ranks in numerous world subject rankings, most notably 51-100th place in Development Studies, 101-150th place in English Language and Literature, Geography, and Politics and International Studies, 151-200th place in Archaeology, Agriculture and Forestry, and Sociology in

2425-506: The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Austrade , and New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE). The Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies and reports by FAS and AAFC, as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website. In their book A Concept of Agribusiness , Ray Goldberg and John Davis provided

2522-895: The Los Baños campus was the first to be declared an autonomous unit under a chancellor. A ₱ 150 million grant from the national budget boosted U.P.'s Infrastructure Development Program. In Diliman, it funded the construction of buildings for the Colleges of Business Administration and Zoology, the Institute of Small-Scale Industries, the Transport Training Center, and the Coral Laboratory of the Marine Sciences Institute. Kalayaan Residence Hall and housing for low-income employees were also built around this time. U.P. President Onofre D. Corpuz declared U.P. Manila , then known as

2619-724: The QS Asia University Rankings for 2021, the highest ranked Philippine university. In the THE Asia rankings, UP is the fifth best university in Southeast Asia, after National University of Singapore (3rd), Nanyang Technological University (6th), University of Malaya (43rd) and Universiti Brunei Darussalam (60th). On the other hand, the QS rankings put it as the 13th best university in Southeast Asia after two Singapore, five Malaysian, three Indonesian, and two Thai universities. In

2716-796: The QS World University Rankings by Subject Area . UP programs also place in Times Higher Education World University Rankings : 126-150th in Clinical, Pre-Clinical and Health subjects; 501-600 bracket for both Life Sciences and Social Sciences; in the 601+ bracket for Engineering and Technology, and Computer Science; and in the 801+ bracket in Physical Sciences. In the national rankings based on cumulative data from 1991 to 2001 of average passing rates in all courses of all Philippine colleges and universities in

2813-864: The U.S. is held at the National Agricultural Library where the earliest catalogs date from the late 18th century, with most published from the 1890s to the present. A fertilizer ( American English ) or fertiliser ( British English ) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients . Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments . Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in

2910-583: The bio-economy , in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise . The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit while satisfying the needs of consumers for products related to natural resources such as biotechnology , farms , food , forestry , fisheries , fuel , and fiber . Studies of business growth and performance in farming have found successful agricultural businesses are cost-efficient internally and operate in favorable economic, political, and physical-organic environments. They are able to expand and make profits, improve

3007-706: The licensure examinations , U.P. Diliman , U.P. Los Baños and U.P. Manila emerged as numbers one, two and three respectively. The study was done by the Professional Regulation Commission and the Commission on Higher Education . The 2024 Quacquarelli Symonds world university rankings published on April, 10 by subject included the University of the Philippines, De La Salle University and Ateneo de Manila University (of 1,559 institutions which featured 55 individual subjects). "Three Philippine universities placed in one out of four subject disciplines of

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3104-533: The 19th century, after innovations in plant nutrition , an agricultural industry developed around synthetically created agrochemical fertilizers . This transition was important in transforming the global food system , allowing for larger-scale industrial agriculture with large crop yields. Nitrogen-fixing chemical processes, such as the Haber process invented at the beginning of the 20th century, and amplified by production capacity created during World War II, led to

3201-468: The College of Business Administration (CBA), has led a Centennial Campaign Fund to upgrade the university's services and facilities. Her term of office has been noted for the ascension of several key professors from the CBA to positions of power within the university. Notable among them is U.P. Diliman Chancellor Sergio S. Cao, Assistant Vice President for Planning and Development, Prof. Arthur S. Cayanan, Director of

3298-586: The Faculty Regent is likewise nominated by the faculty members of the whole University. Alumni are represented by the President of the U.P. Alumni Association. A Staff Regent, representing professional and administrative personnel, was included with the passage of the new U.P. Charter in 2008. The remaining members of the Board of Regents are nominated into the position by the President of the Philippines . As of 2023,

3395-676: The Health Sciences Center, and U.P. Visayas as autonomous units. At the same time, the Asian Institute of Tourism (AIT) was established in light of the prioritization of tourism as a national industry. New centers for research and degree-granting units such as the Third World Studies Center (1977), Creative Writing Center, National Engineering Center (1978), U.P. Extension Program in San Fernando, Pampanga (1979), which

3492-649: The Institute of Library Science (now the School of Library and Information Studies, established in 1961), and the College of Home Economics (1961). The administration of U.P. President Carlos P. Romulo was marked by the founding of the Population Institute, the Law Center and the Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry Training Center in 1964; the Institute of Mass Communication, the College of Business Administration, and

3589-598: The Institute of Planning in 1965; the Computer Center, the Institute for Small-Scale Industries in 1966, the Institute of Social Work and Community Development in 1967, and the Asian Center in 1968. During the Martial Law period, U.P.'s administrators tried to sustain the university's educational priorities and institutional autonomy. At the height of activism in the university, U.P. President Salvador P. Lopez established

3686-472: The Management Review Committee (MRC) and the committee to Review Academic Programs (CRAP) to evaluate and recommend measures for improving university operations. The MRC report led to a wide-ranging reorganization of the U.P. System, the further decentralization of U.P. administration, and the declaration of U.P. Diliman as an autonomous unit on March 23, 1983. U.P. Baguio was then placed under

3783-713: The Marcos administration in the Diliman library. The university is one of the five governmental agencies involved with the Philippine eLib, a nationwide information resource-sharing consortium, to which it provides access to 758,649 of its bibliographic records. The library was established in 1922 in the Manila campus and was considered one of the best in Asia prior to the Second World War . The collection, containing almost 150,000 volumes,

3880-736: The Philippines is composed of eight constituent universities (CU) located in 15 campuses around the country. U.P. Diliman is the flagship campus of the university and offers the most courses. On July 19, 2011, the Bases Conversion and Development Authority donated to U.P. a 4,300-square meter (1 acre) lot at the Bonifacio Global City (BGC) in Taguig for the U.P. Professional Schools, which will initially include extension classes for UP Diliman's College of Law, College of Business Administration, College of Engineering, School of Statistics, as well as

3977-666: The Philippines' top university system, its alumni include a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, 7 of 17 Philippine presidents , 14 of 26 chief justices , 36 of 42 national scientists , and 40 of 57 national artists , the most of any university. UP's alumni also include more senators as well as members of the Philippine House of Representatives than any other university. Among its alumni are also 15,000 doctors, 15,000 engineers, 8,000 lawyers, 23,000 teachers, and thousands of graduates in other academic fields, which comprise some of its approximate 260,000 living alumni worldwide. UP has

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4074-582: The QS, while only UP ranked in 2 other subjects" QS stated. The General Education Program was introduced in 1959 and formed core courses prescribed for all students at the undergraduate level. The General Education Program is the Revitalized General Education Program (abbreviated as RGEP), which was approved by the Board of Regents in 2001. The RGEP offers courses in three domains (Arts and Humanities; Mathematics, Science, and Technology; and Social Sciences and Philosophy) and gives students

4171-558: The School of Agriculture was in Los Baños , Laguna. A few years later, the university opened the College of Law and the College of Engineering in Manila , as well as academic units under the College of Agriculture and Forestry in Los Baños , Laguna. The Board of Regents approved the decision to look for a larger site, and a 493-hectare lot was acquired by the university in Diliman , Quezon City, then

4268-626: The Socialized Tuition Fee Assistance Program (STFAP) in 1987. Abueva also institutionalized a Filipino language policy within the university. U.P. President Emil Javier established the creation of U.P. Mindanao at Davao City , Southern Mindanao, and the U.P. Open University in 1995. U.P. President Francisco Nemenzo's legacy includes the Revitalized General Education Program (RGEP) and the institutionalization of more incentives for research and creative achievements by U.P. faculty members. U.P. President Emerlinda Roman , from

4365-537: The U.P. System Budget Office, Prof. Joselito G. Florendo, Dr. Lina J. Valcarcel Executive Director, U.P. Provident Fund, Inc. and U.P. Foundation, Inc. Executive Director Gerardo B. Agulto. On January 8, 2008, the University of the Philippines began its centennial celebration. The opening ceremony featured a 100-torch relay to light the eternal flame on the Centennial Cauldron at Quezon Hall. Torches were carried by, among others, Fernando Javier, 100, of Baguio ,

4462-656: The U.P.A.A. Grand Alumni-Faculty Homecoming and Reunion at the Araneta Coliseum , Cubao , Quezon City. The theme is “U.P. Alumni: Excellence, Leadership and Service in the Next 100 Years," with the three cover designs showing the works of National Artists Napoleon Abueva , Abdulmari Asia Imao , and Benedicto Cabrera , respectively. Chief Justice Reynato Puno is the Yearbook's most distinguished alumnus awardee (among 46 other awardees). The U.P. Charter of 2008, Republic Act No. 9500,

4559-486: The UP Open University. Each constituent university of U.P. is headed by a chancellor, who is elected on a three-year term by the Board of Regents. Unlike the president, who is elected on a single six-year term without re-election, the chancellor maybe re-elected for another three-year term but it is upon the discretion of the members of the Board of Regents. (Hectares) On April 27, 2023, during its 1380th meeting,

4656-548: The UP System, received an insufficient budget of P2.92 billion, with only P155 million out of the requested P1.6 billion allocated for infrastructure and capital outlays. The UP, as a university system, has been consistently ranked the top university in the Philippines since its inclusion in several university rankings. In 2020, UP was ranked 65th in the Times Higher Education (THE) Asia University Rankings and 69th in

4753-835: The University Library (Gonzalez Hall), the College of Engineering (Melchor Hall), the Women's Residence Hall (now Kamia Residence Hall), the Conservatory of Music (Abelardo Hall and now the College of Music), the Administration Building (Quezon Hall), and the U.P. President's Residence. Most colleges and administration offices were temporarily housed in huts and shelters made of sawali and galvanized iron. During U.P.'s 40th anniversary in February 1949, central administrative offices of U.P. were moved from Manila to Diliman together with

4850-625: The University of the Philippines' Board of Regents approved the proposal for autonomy for UP Tacloban . This decision marked a significant shift in the college's status, transforming it from a satellite campus of UP Visayas into an autonomous unit under the Office of the UP President. UP Tacloban was granted autonomy to boost its capacity to effectively fulfill its mandate in the Eastern Visayas Region. This shift to autonomy not only reinforces

4947-445: The amateur gardener. Most seed companies or resellers that sell to retail produce a catalog, for seed to be sown the following spring, that is generally published during early winter. These catalogs are eagerly awaited by the amateur gardener, as during winter months there is little that can be done in the garden so this time can be spent planning the following year’s gardening. The largest collection of nursery and seed trade catalogs in

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5044-543: The benefit of farms , food, and agribusiness-related organizations. Agriculturists usually are designated in the government as public agriculturists serving as agriculture policymakers or technical advisors for policy making. Agriculturists can also provide technical advice for farmers and farm workers such as in making crop calendars and workflows to optimize farm production, tracing agricultural market channels, prescribing fertilizers and pesticides to avoid misuse , and in aligning for organic accreditation or

5141-430: The benefits of knowledge." The new charter will help improve its competitiveness. The newly designated “national university" however, needs ₱ 3.6 billion to be on a par with other universities in the region. The centennial ₱ 6 billion, 20 hectares (49 acres) UP-Ayala Land TechnoHub, a complex of low-rise buildings along Commonwealth Avenue, within the 37.5 hectares (93 acres) of the U.P. North Science and Technology Park,

5238-519: The book " A Concept of Agribusiness ." "Agribusiness is the sum total of all operations involved in the manufacture and distribution of farm supplies; production operations on the farm; and the storage, processing, and distribution of farm commodities and items made from them." (Davis and Goldberg, 1956) Their book argued against the New Deal programs of then U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt as it led to

5335-485: The book " Agribusiness Management Resource Materials " (1971) which would be the foundation of current agribusiness programs around the world. In 1973, Drilon and Goldberg further expanded the concept of agribusiness to include support organizations such as governments , research institutions , schools, financial institutions, and cooperatives within the integrated Agribusiness System. Mark R. Edwards and Clifford J. Shultz II (2005) of Loyola University Chicago reframed

5432-414: The campus of the College of Agriculture in Los Baños. U.P. President Bienvenido Ma. Gonzalez sought a grant of ₱ 13 million from the US-Philippines War Damage Commission. A massive rehabilitation and construction effort was executed during the post-war years. For the first time, an extensive Diliman campus master plan and map were created in 1949. More buildings were built across the Diliman campus landscape:

5529-419: The college's role within the region but also serves as a foundation for its potential elevation to a full-fledged constituent university within the UP system, a transition expected to transpire within three to five years. (Hectares) The satellite campuses do not have autonomous status. They are considered extension colleges of their parent unit. Some campuses host different programs of various colleges within

5626-593: The concept of social entrepreneurship . The term value chain was first popularized in a book published in 1985 by Michael Porter , who used it to illustrate how companies could achieve what he called “competitive advantage” by adding value within their organization. Subsequently, the term was adopted for agricultural development purposes and has now become very much in vogue among those working in this field, with an increasing number of bilateral and multilateral aid organisations using it to guide their development interventions. An agricultural supply store or agrocenter

5723-528: The definition of agribusiness to emphasize its lack of focus on farm production but towards market centricity and innovative approach to serve consumers worldwide. "Agribusiness is a dynamic and systemic endeavor that serves consumers globally and locally through innovation and management of multiple value chains that deliver valued goods and services derived from sustainable orchestration of food, fiber and natural resources." (Edwards and Shultz, 2005) In 2012, Thomas L. Sporleder and Michael A. Boland defined

5820-763: The efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources. Primary food processing turns agricultural products, such as raw wheat kernels or livestock, into something that can eventually be eaten. This category includes ingredients that are produced by ancient processes such as drying , threshing , winnowing and milling grain, shelling nuts , and butchering animals for meat. It also includes deboning and cutting meat, freezing and smoking fish and meat, extracting and filtering oils, canning food, preserving food through food irradiation , and candling eggs , as well as homogenizing and pasteurizing milk . A farmers' market (or farmers market according to

5917-408: The establishment of the first undergraduate program in agribusiness in 1966 at the UP College of Agriculture in Los Baños, Philippines as Bachelor of Science in Agriculture major in Agribusiness. The program was initially a joint undertaking with the UP College of Business Administration in Diliman, Quezon City until 1975. Jose D. Drilon of the University of the Philippines then published

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6014-401: The farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times, the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms , both of which can operate on land or at sea. There are about 570 million farms in the world, most of which are small and family-operated. Small farms with a land area of fewer than 2 hectares operate on about 12% of

6111-488: The field and distributed by overhead high-pressure water devices. Micro-irrigation is a system that distributes water under low pressure through a piped network and applies it as a small discharge to each plant. Micro-irrigation uses less pressure and water flow than sprinkler irrigation. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone of plants. Subirrigation has been used in field crops in areas with high water tables for many years. It involves artificially raising

6208-432: The freedom to choose the general education subjects in these domains that they would like to take. It has led to the development of courses unique to the campuses. Examples of these courses include NASC 10 ( Forests as Source of Life ) in Los Baños, Geography 1 ( Places and Landscapes in a Changing World ) in Diliman, and History 3 ( History of Philippine Ethnic Minorities ) in Baguio. The university library system contains

6305-421: The humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences. During President Sinco's term, more institutes and colleges were established. These institutes and colleges include the Institute of Public Administration (1952), the Statistical Center (1953), the Labor Education Center (now the School of Labor and Industrial Relations, established in 1954), the Asian Studies Institute (now the Asian Center, established in 1955),

6402-408: The increase in agricultural prices. Davis and Goldberg favored corporate-driven agriculture or large-scale farming to revolutionize the agriculture sector, lessening the dependency on state power and politics. They explained in the book that vertically integrated firms within the agricultural value chains have the ability to control prices and where they are distributed. Goldberg then assisted in

6499-417: The largest collections of agricultural, medical, veterinary and animal science materials in the Philippines. The library system has a collection of Filipiniana material, serials and journals in both electronic and physical forms and UPIANA materials in its archives. It also has a collection of documents of student, political, and religious organizations advocating political, economic, and social changes during

6596-518: The largest dairy company in the US, Amul , the largest food product marketing organization in India and Zen-Noah , a federation of agricultural cooperatives that handles 70% of the sales of chemical fertilizers in Japan. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security . Its Latin motto, fiat panis , translates to "let there be bread". It

6693-658: The local culture and economy. The size of the market may be just a few stalls or it may be as large as several city blocks. Due to their nature, they tend to be less rigidly regulated than retail produce shops. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education . The field of 'extension' now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture , agricultural marketing , health , and business studies . Extension practitioners can be found throughout

6790-545: The members of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines System are: The Secretary of the university and the Board of Regents is Atty. Roberto M.J. Lara. The University of the Philippines System offers 246 undergraduate degree programs and 362 graduate degree programs, more than any other university in the country. The flagship campus in Diliman offers the largest number of degree programs, and other campuses are known to lead and specialize in specific programs. The university has 57 degree-granting units throughout

6887-411: The most National Centers of Excellence and Development among higher education institutions in the country, and is one of the only three schools in Asia that have received institutional recognition in the Ramon Magsaysay Awards . Senate Resolution No. 276 of the Senate of the Philippines recognizes the institution as "the nation's premier university"; UP ranks as the country's No. 1 university, among

6984-531: The national agricultural quality standards . Studies of agribusiness often come from the academic fields of agricultural economics and management studies , sometimes called agribusiness management. To promote more development of food economies, many government agencies support the research and publication of economic studies and reports exploring agribusiness and agribusiness practices. Some of these studies are on foods produced for export and are derived from agencies focused on food exports. These agencies include

7081-587: The oldest U.P. alumnus ( Civil Engineering from University of the Philippines Manila , 1933), Michael Dumlao, a 6th-grader from the University of the Philippines Integrated School in U.P. Diliman and U.P. President Emerlinda Roman , the first woman president of the university. The Centennial Cauldron features three pillars to represent the three core values, and seven flowers representing

7178-399: The parent unit. The President of the University of the Philippines is elected for a single six-year term by the university's eleven-member Board of Regents. As of 2023, two Americans and 20 Filipinos served as President of the University of the Philippines. The current president of U.P. is lawyer and former regent Angelo Jimenez . He assumed office on February 10, 2023. The governance of

7275-427: The primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms , vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fiber , biofuel , and other commodities . It includes ranches, feedlots , orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings, and hobby farms, and includes

7372-565: The productivity of land , labor , and capital , and keep their costs down to ensure market price competitiveness. Agribusiness is not limited to farming. It encompasses a broader spectrum through the agribusiness system which includes input supplies, value-addition , marketing , entrepreneurship , microfinancing , and agricultural extension . In some countries like the Philippines , creation and management of agribusiness enterprises require consultation with registered agriculturists above

7469-421: The removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given location, is often studied in conjunction with irrigation. There are several methods of irrigation that differ in how water is supplied to plants. Surface irrigation , also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years. In sprinkler irrigation , water is piped to one or more central locations within

7566-469: The responsibility of agribusiness to be environmentally and socially conscious towards sustainability . "Agribusiness is the interrelated and interdependent industries in agriculture that supply, process, distribute, and support the products of agriculture." (Goldberg, 2017) Some agribusinesses have adopted the triple bottom line framework such as aligning for fair trade , organic , good agricultural practices , and B-corporation certifications towards

7663-402: The same year, however, is ₱ 7.2 billion, or approximately ₱ 135,000 per student. State universities and colleges have continually experienced budget cuts over the years. In 2019, the university requested ₱44.9 billion budget but only received ₱15.5 billion for its budget, with additional ₱1.5 billion for operational and equipment expenses. The Philippine General Hospital, the most affected unit of

7760-629: The sciences and arts, and to administer professional and technical training. The university began with the establishment of the Philippine Medical School (later incorporated into the university as the College of Medicine and Surgery ) in 1905, which started operating in 1907, a year ahead of the rest of the U.P. System. Together with the College of Fine Arts and the College of Liberal Arts, the College of Medicine occupied buildings distributed along Padre Faura Street ( Ermita district) and R. Hidalgo Street ( Quiapo district) in Manila , while

7857-543: The sciences and arts, and to give professional and technical training" to eligible students regardless of "age, sex, nationality, religious belief and political affiliation." The University of the Philippines system has 8 constituent universities (CUs) and 1 autonomous college: UP Diliman , which serves as the system's flagship university, UP Los Baños , UP Manila , UP Visayas , UP Open University , UP Mindanao , UP Baguio , UP Cebu , UP Tacloban which are scattered across 17 campuses. Widely regarded and often cited as

7954-478: The seven constituent universities, i.e. U.P. Manila, U.P. Diliman (together with U.P. Pampanga, its extension campus), U.P. Los Baños, U.P. Baguio, U.P. Visayas, U.P. Mindanao, and U.P. Open University. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and U.P. issued commemorative ₱ 100 U.P. Centennial notes at the BSP Security Plant Complex in Quezon City. The notes appear as four-outs (four uncut pieces) in

8051-408: The supervision of U.P. Diliman . Meanwhile, the College of Arts and Sciences also underwent a reorganization to become three separate colleges: the College of Science (CS), the College of Arts and Letters (CAL), and the College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (CSSP). There has been problems regarding this ever since the three colleges separated. As the flagship campus, U.P. Diliman led the rest of

8148-402: The system, which may be a college, School or Institute that offers an undergraduate or a graduate program. In the Los Baños campus, a separate Graduate School administers the graduate programs in agriculture, forestry, the basic sciences, mathematics and statistics, development economics and management, agrarian studies and human ecology. The College of Public Health at the Manila campus has

8245-482: The top 100 Asian universities, and among the top 400 universities worldwide in annual university rankings by Books Center. On June 18, 1908, the University of the Philippines was established through an act of the First Philippine Legislature. Act No. 1870, otherwise known as the "University Act", specified the function of the university, which is to provide advanced instruction in literature, philosophy,

8342-494: The transfer of the U.P. Oblation . Administrative offices and its regional units in Manila , Los Baños , Baguio , and Cebu were all housed in the Diliman campus. General commencement exercises were also held in Diliman for the first time in 1949. In the 1950s, new academic units and degree programs were established. Another major reform, the General Education (G.E.) Program, was introduced in 1959. The G.E. Program became

8439-443: The unique economic characteristics of agribusiness supply chains from industrial manufacturing and service supply chains. They have identified seven main characteristics: In 2017, noting the rise of genetic engineering and biotechnology in agriculture, Goldberg further expanded the definition of agribusiness which covers all the interdependent aspects of the food system including medicine, nutrition, and health. He also emphasized

8536-418: The units. On April 26, 1982, it was formally designated as a constituent university, almost a decade after the reorganization. Although Diliman was the seat of the U.P. Administration, the campus was not immediately constituted after 1972. It was administered, along with the Manila unit, prior to the organization of the Health Sciences Center, as a de facto university. U.P. President José Abueva introduced

8633-523: The university is vested in the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines System (or Lupon ng mga Rehente in Filipino ) and commonly abbreviated as BOR. The board, with its 11 members, is the highest decision-making body of the U.P. system. The Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) serves as the Board's Chairperson while the President of the University of the Philippines

8730-404: The water table to moisten the soil below the root zone of plants. Irrigation water can come from groundwater (extracted from springs or by using wells ), from surface water (withdrawn from rivers , lakes or reservoirs ) or from non-conventional sources like treated wastewater , desalinated water , drainage water , or fog collection . Irrigation can be supplementary to rainfall , which

8827-459: The world's agricultural land, and family farms comprise about 75% of the world's agricultural land. Agricultural engineering , also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical , civil , electrical , food science , environmental , software , and chemical engineering to improve

8924-697: The world, usually working for government agencies. They are represented by several professional organizations, networks and extension journals. An agricultural cooperative , also known as a farmers' co-op, is a producer cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activities. A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperatives, which provide various services to their individually-farming members, and agricultural production cooperatives in which production resources (land, machinery) are pooled and members farm jointly. Notable examples of agricultural cooperatives include Dairy Farmers Of America ,

9021-449: The world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost , suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation . It is also used to cool livestock , reduce dust , dispose of sewage , and support mining operations. Drainage , which involves

9118-460: Was constructed on February 16, 2006, and inaugurated on November 22, 2008. It was developed by the Ayala Land Property company into an information technology and IT-enabled services community to host business process outsourcing (BPO) and technology firms. On May 14, 2024, Angelo Jimenez proclaimed UP's new logo and “Honor, Excellence, Service” motto . At present, the University of

9215-489: Was destroyed when Japanese troops stormed the library during the war, leaving only a handful of books intact. Gabriel Bernardo, the Librarian of the university who built the collection, described the loss as "intellectual famine." Bernardo would later rebuild the library in the Diliman campus. The university has likewise been one of the pioneers in library science education in the country. Library courses were first offered under

9312-648: Was founded on 16 October 1945. The FAO comprises 195 members, including 194 countries and the European Union . Its headquarters is in Rome , Italy, and it maintains regional and field offices worldwide, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry , fisheries , and land and water resources . It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects agricultural output, production, and development data. The FAO

9409-548: Was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo into law on April 29, 2008, at the U.P. Library Conference Hall in Lahug, Cebu . It aims "to provide both institutional and fiscal autonomy to U.P., specifically, to protect student's democratic access and strengthen administration through the recognition of U.P. System's Board of Regents and U.P. Council." The new charter declared U.P. as the Philippines' national university, giving it "the enhanced capability to fulfill its mission and spread

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