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35-483: Betten is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland . On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp . Betten is first mentioned in 1243 as Bettan . Before the merger, Betten had a total area of 26.4 km (10.2 sq mi). Of this area, 15.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 12.0%

70-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there

105-481: A total of 135 votes were cast, of which 23 or about 17.0% were invalid. The voter participation was 41.5%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 147 votes were cast, of which 3 or about 2.0% were invalid. The voter participation was 43.6%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 59.88%. As of  2010, Betten had an unemployment rate of 0.3%. As of 2008, there were 23 people employed in

140-410: A total of 172 apartments (16.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 742 apartments (72.1%) were seasonally occupied and 115 apartments (11.2%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 17.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.26%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The entire hamlet of Eggen

175-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to

210-503: Is an important activity in promoting economic growth and development . Nations that export manufactured products tend to generate higher marginal GDP growth, which supports higher incomes and therefore marginal tax revenue needed to fund such government expenditures as health care and infrastructure . Among developed countries , it is an important source of well-paying jobs for the middle class (e.g., engineering) to facilitate greater social mobility for successive generations on

245-645: Is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 67.27% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.11%), the SP (8.06%) and the FDP (6.14%). In the federal election, a total of 148 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 43.1%. In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election

280-471: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 70.8% is unproductive land. The former municipality is located in the Östlich-Raron district, on a south facing terrace at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). It consists of the main village of Betten, the village of Egga and the Bettmeralp alpine settlement at an elevation of 1,900 m (6,200 ft). The blazon of

315-798: The Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of the place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects

350-400: The primary economic sector and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 22 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 7 businesses in this sector. 312 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 47 businesses in this sector. There were 266 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.0% of the workforce. In 2008

385-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for

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420-483: The economy. Currently, an estimated 20% of the labor force in the United States is involved in the secondary industry. The secondary sector depends on the primary sector for the raw materials necessary for production. Countries that primarily produce agricultural and other raw materials (i.e., primary sector ) tend to grow slowly and remain either under-developed or developing economies . The value added through

455-697: The exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of the common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between

490-421: The lower and upper secondary students from Betten attend their school in a neighboring municipality. As of 2000, there were 21 students from Betten who attended schools outside the municipality. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are

525-646: The lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and a few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of

560-567: The modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of

595-429: The movement and storage of goods, 120 or 44.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 1.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 2 or 0.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 2 or 0.7% were in education and 3 or 1.1% were in health care. In 2000, there were 81 workers who commuted into the municipality and 39 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.1 workers entering

630-424: The municipal coat of arms is Tierced per mantle, Or a Fish sautant Azure above a base wavy Azure, in dexter Gules issuant from a base invected a Tree Vert trunked Proper, in sinister Azure issuant from a base invected a Chapel Argent roofed, doored and windowed Sable. Betten had a population (as of 2011) of 420. As of 2008, 7.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 )

665-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate

700-507: The municipality for every one leaving. About 4.9% of the workforce coming into Betten are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 20.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 9.4% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 378 or 84.2% were Roman Catholic , while 24 or 5.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 15 members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.34% of

735-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of

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770-525: The old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first,

805-637: The output of the primary sector (i.e. raw materials like metals, wood) and creates finished goods suitable for sale to domestic businesses or consumers and for export (via distribution through the tertiary sector ). Many of these industries consume large quantities of energy, require factories and use machinery; they are often classified as light or heavy based on such quantities. This also produces waste materials and waste heat that may cause environmental problems or pollution (see negative externalities ). Examples include textile production , car manufacturing , and handicraft . Manufacturing

840-408: The political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often the administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served

875-447: The political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in the Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited

910-405: The population has changed at a rate of -11.6%. It has changed at a rate of -16.6% due to migration and at a rate of -2% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (433 or 96.4%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (5 or 1.1%) and French is the third (4 or 0.9%). There is 1 person who speaks Italian . As of 2008, the population

945-620: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 22 or (4.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 22 who completed tertiary schooling, 77.3% were Swiss men, 18.2% were Swiss women. During the 2010–2011 school year there were a total of 17 students in the Betten school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten . During that school year, there

980-401: The population), and there were 12 individuals (or about 2.67% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 3 (or about 0.67% of the population) who were Islamic . 8 (or about 1.78% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 15 individuals (or about 3.34% of the population) did not answer the question. In Betten about 181 or (40.3%) of

1015-518: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 66.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.8%. As of 2000, there were 197 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 215 married individuals, 29 widows or widowers and 8 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 180 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 54 households that consist of only one person and 12 households with five or more people. In 2000,

1050-498: The public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all

1085-403: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Secondary sector of the economy This sector generally takes

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1120-659: The so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on

1155-448: The total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 301. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 10, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 18 of which 4 or (22.2%) were in manufacturing and 13 (72.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 273. In the tertiary sector; 50 or 18.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 76 or 27.8% were in

1190-427: Was made up of 367 Swiss citizens and 30 non-citizen residents (7.56% of the population). Of the population in the municipality, 272 or about 60.6% were born in Betten and lived there in 2000. There were 79 or 17.6% who were born in the same canton, while 53 or 11.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 25 or 5.6% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18% of

1225-415: Was one kindergarten class (KG1 or KG2) and 3 kindergarten students. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school . In Betten there were a total of 2 classes and 17 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All

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