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51-583: By the early 1930s, Tredyffrin and Easttown were home to a small, working-class African American community. "Colored schools" were widespread in early 20th-century Pennsylvania, but many elementary schools in Chester County at the time were open to all students regardless of race or color. Each of the towns' grammar schools held classes for grades 1–8, and all high school students attended the consolidated Tredyffrin Easttown High School. In March 1932,

102-543: A House of Representatives with 203 members, making it the second-largest state legislature in the nation, behind New Hampshire , and the largest full-time legislature. Senators are elected for a term of four years. Representatives are elected for a term of two years. The Pennsylvania general elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. A vacant seat must be filled by special election,

153-401: A north-south alignment through the middle of the township. At the 2010 census, the township was 83.3% non-Hispanic White, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 9.8% Asian, and 1.4% were two or more races. 2.2% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2000 United States census , there were 29,062 people, 12,223 households, and 7,834 families residing in

204-455: A significant change from previous elections. Mitt Romney vastly improved upon McCain's performance, but still fell short as Obama carried the township with 52% of the vote in the 2012 presidential election. Party registration as of December 2019 stood at 43% Democratic, 39% Republican, 18% Independent and third parties. The rocks of Tredyffrin were laid down in the upper Paleozoic , meaning that they are primarily metamorphic . Limestone

255-501: A similar alignment across the center of the township. U.S. Route 422 begins at US 202 in the northeastern corner of the township and follows the County Line Expressway northwestward. U.S. Route 30 follows Lancaster Avenue along an east-west alignment through the southern section of the township. Finally, Pennsylvania Route 252 follows Leopard Road, Bear Hill Road, Swedesford Road, Valley Forge Road and Valley Creek Road along

306-469: Is bordered by Easttown , East Whiteland , Willistown , Charlestown , Upper Merion , Radnor and Schuylkill townships. On March 13, 1684, William Penn decided to set aside a portion of what was then the Province of Pennsylvania for settlements for Welsh immigrants. This area, known as the " Welsh Tract ", was surveyed in 1684 and included several modern-day townships, including Tredyffrin. Although

357-561: Is governed by a seven-member Board of Supervisors. Four members are elected from the township at-large, while three members are elected from specific districts, though all supervisors are treated equally once on the Board. as of November 5, 2021 : Party registration as of July 2010 were 45% Republican, 39% Democratic, and 16% Independent and third parties. In the 2008 presidential election, Tredyffrin voters gave 58% of its votes to Democratic candidate Barack Obama over John McCain ,

408-516: Is located in the Strafford community. The architectural firm Mitchell/Giurgola developed the Tredyffrin Library. It has an amphitheater that is focused on a park in a southward direction. The library has a single large reading room. The library building has a larger two-story end, while the other end has only one story at the upper level. Offices at the main level are in a separate element of

459-592: Is often at the surface in the Great Valley, so many limestone kilns were created in the 18th century. Mine owner William Rennyson sold the fizzy water from his Howellville limestone quarry as "Tredyffrin Water" around 1900. The northern edge of the township is a ridge of quartzite and sandstone (the Cambrian Chickies Formation ) including Valley Forge Mountain (or Mount Misery), which was mined for quartz in

510-480: Is the most populous township in Chester County. Unincorporated communities within Tredyffrin Township include Chesterbrook , Strafford , a portion of Paoli , and a portion of Wayne , Howellville at the intersection of Swedesford and Howellville Roads, and East Howellville, along Howellville Road, west of the intersection of Howellville Road and the border between Tredyffrin and Easttown Townships. Tredyffrin

561-399: Is water. Tredyffrin's climate borders upon hot-summer humid continental ( Dfa ) and humid subtropical ( Cfa ). The hardiness zone is 7a as in almost all of Chester County. 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map | USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map As of 2018, there were 150.13 miles (241.61 km) of public roads in Tredyffrin Township, of which 6.30 miles (10.14 km) were maintained by

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612-624: The National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 2015. The Tredyffrin/Easttown School District added the Berwyn School Fight to its third, eighth, and tenth grade social studies curricula in 2023. Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania Tredyffrin Township ( / t r ɪ ˈ d ɪ f r ɪ n / Welsh: [trɛˈdɘfrɪn] ) is a township located in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania , United States. The population

663-464: The National Register of Historic Places . In addition, the Wharton Esherick Museum is listed as a National Historic Landmark ; it was built starting in 1926. Other notable buildings are: According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 19.9 square miles (52 km ), of which 19.8 square miles (51 km ) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km ), or 0.15%,

714-569: The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC), 36.94 miles (59.45 km) were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 106.89 miles (172.02 km) were maintained by the township. The Pennsylvania Turnpike ( I-76 ) is the most prominent road serving Tredyffrin Township. It follows a southwest-northeast alignment across the northwestern portion of the township. U.S. Route 202 follows

765-699: The State Capitol building in Harrisburg . In colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral . Since the Constitution of 1776 , the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791. The General Assembly has 253 members, consisting of a Senate with 50 members and

816-503: The Tredyffrin and Easttown school boards announced a joint agreement to establish a new grammar school exclusively for the districts' Black students in grades 1–8. The school boards planned to put the new "colored school" in a 20-year-old district-owned building in Berwyn , adjacent to the noisy Lincoln Highway . All Black schoolchildren from both townships would be shifted to this school, or to

867-909: The 18th century through the mid-19th century. Tredyffrin Township lies within the Tredyffrin/Easttown School District . Students residing within township boundaries attend Hillside Elementary School, New Eagle Elementary School, and Valley Forge Elementary School for grades K–4. Tredyffrin/Easttown Middle School and Valley Forge Middle School serve students in grades 5–8, and Conestoga High School serves students in grades 9–12. Private schools in Tredyffrin Township include: Tredyffrin Township Libraries operates Tredyffrin Public Library and Paoli Library. The Tredyffrin Library, with 18,000 square feet (1,700 m ) of space as of 1977,

918-457: The 19th century, the culture of corruption in the General Assembly got so bad that from 1866 to 1873, about 8,700 of 9,300 acts passed in that timeframe were local or special acts. The frustration of the people of the Commonwealth with its legislature finally boiled over in 1871 and resulted in a 1873 constitutional convention and a 1874 constitutional amendment. One of the amendment's reforms

969-620: The Great Valley from Britain and, there being several Baptist families in this area, the Baptist Church in the Great Valley was formed on April 22, 1711. The church originally met in Radnor . However, there were enough members of this Baptist church that by 1722, a log building was erected in Tredyffrin to serve the congregation. As Tredyffrin includes part of Valley Forge National Historical Park , there are many Revolutionary War -related sites in

1020-520: The Joint Action Committee planned a mass rally in Philadelphia , declaring March 11, 1934, as "Berwyn School Segregation Protest Day." The Philadelphia Tribune projected turnout at 5,000 or more people. Organizers canceled the march after police denied the protest a permit. In March 1934, needing Black voters to support his gubernatorial campaign, Schnader finally promised Alexander to back

1071-534: The Welsh Tract was originally meant to be a self-ruling municipality, it was divided between Chester County and Philadelphia when that county was created in 1685, and the Welsh subsequently submitted to the authority of Chester County. In 1707, Tredyffrin was incorporated as a township. This name comes from the Welsh tre(f) , which means "town", joined to dyffryn , which means "wide, cultivated valley". Tredyffrin

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1122-411: The arrest of parents who continued to refuse to send their children to school. Four parents rejected bail and served their six-day jail sentences in protest. The NAACP paid the other parents' fines. Then a Black woman, surnamed Williams, went to jail with her baby so that her husband could keep working to support their family. Confounded by her stand, officials stopped arresting parents. In February 1934,

1173-411: The average family size was 2.99. In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males. The median income for a household in the township

1224-494: The best equipment that can be procured." The Black communities of Tredyffrin and Easttown expressed outrage at this attempt to introduce segregated schools. On March 16, 1932, hundreds of Black and some white residents attended a mass meeting to protest the school boards' decision. The community presented a petition to the Easttown School Board, proclaiming that the decision to introduce segregated schools "tends not toward

1275-521: The betterment and benefit of the conditions surrounding the negro school children, but rather toward the degradation and segregation." In June 1932, Black parents met at the Mount Zion A.M.E. Church and vowed to boycott the schools until the districts reversed their decision. The Bryn Mawr chapter of the NAACP filed a lawsuit against the school boards, and Black attorney Raymond Pace Alexander agreed to represent

1326-543: The bill in May 1935, and George Earle , a Democrat who had defeated Schnader, a Republican , in the governor's race months earlier, signed the measure into law in June 1935. The Act went into effect on September 1. In November 2020, a Pennsylvania state historical marker commemorating the Berwyn School Fight was installed at the Mount Zion A.M.E. Church in Tredyffrin, a meeting place of the boycott movement. Mount Zion had been listed on

1377-585: The boycott, had fallen behind academically and had to repeat one or two grades. Interviewed decades later, some of these students recalled dropping out of school in the face of taunts from their white peers. In 1935, the Pennsylvania General Assembly enacted the Pennsylvania Equal Rights Act, banning racial discrimination in all public accommodations and jailing or fining violators. The Democratic -controlled House and Senate passed

1428-515: The century. In 1932, the district planned to segregate after building a new school, and African Americans in the township boycotted the school system for two years in protest (the "School Fight"). In 1934 a negotiated settlement was reached whereby the schools remained integrated, and helped kill school segregation in Pennsylvania. During the Cold War , a Nike anti-aircraft missile site was active in

1479-528: The committee, is appointed by the other four and may not be an elected or appointed official. If the leadership cannot decide on a fifth member, the State Supreme Court may appoint him or her. While in office, legislators may not hold civil office. Even if a member resigns, the Constitution states that the legislator may not be appointed to civil office for the duration of the term to which the legislator

1530-533: The consent of both chambers. The Pennsylvania General Assembly has a lengthy history as one of the most openly corrupt state legislatures in the United States, going back over two centuries to the era of the Thirteen Colonies . In 1794, while visiting western Pennsylvania , Alexander Hamilton wrote to Rufus King : "The political putrefaction of Pennsylvania is greater than I had any idea of". During

1581-665: The consent of the other. The governor may call a special session in order to press for legislation on important issues. As of 2017, only 35 special sessions have been called in the history of Pennsylvania. The Assembly meets in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg , which was completed in 1906. Under the Pennsylvania Constitution , the Assembly must meet in the City of Harrisburg and can move only if given

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1632-413: The date of which is set by the presiding officer of the respective house. Senators must be at least 25 years old, and Representatives at least 21 years old. They must be citizens and residents of the state for a minimum of four years and reside in their districts for at least one year. Individuals who have been convicted of felonies, including embezzlement, bribery, and perjury, are ineligible for election;

1683-466: The desegregation lawsuit. In April, Schnader duly added his name to the suit, and his deputy attorneys negotiated an out-of-court settlement on May 1, 1934. Under the settlement's terms, Tredyffrin's and Easttown's schools reintegrated, 225 Black students returned to school, and the two-year boycott ended. Unfortunately, many of the Black students, whose working-class parents could not afford private tutors during

1734-519: The library broke ground for a $ 6 million renovation and expansion. On January 31, 2009, the entire expanded building was open to the public for the first time. Architectural Record stated that Tredyffrin Library and the library built in Condon Hall of the University of Washington School of Law , which was also designed by Mitchell/Giurgola, have common underlying concepts. According to the publication,

1785-588: The necessary exception. This is why Pennsylvania remains the only U.S. state that has not yet completed a comprehensive codification of its general statutory law. Since 1970, Pennsylvania has been undertaking its first official codification process, resulting in the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes . With over 300 years of uncodified statutes to go through, the codification process is still not yet complete after over five decades of work. President Pro Tempore : Kim Ward (R) Speaker of

1836-452: The plaintiffs on a pro bono basis. Black parents tried to enroll their children in the new school, but district officials turned them away. Starting in June 1932, 212 African American schoolchildren boycotted the schools, staying home or receiving private schooling. Siding with the school boards, Pennsylvania Attorney General William A. Schnader refused to support Alexander's lawsuit, leading to trial postponements and mounting legal costs for

1887-678: The plaintiffs. By September 1933, as the boycott continued unabated, more radical groups such as the International Labor Defense , the American Civil Liberties Union , and the Education ;Equality League stepped up to support the boycott movement, establishing a Joint Action Committee, which the NAACP's Bryn Mawr chapter joined and later quit due to the NAACP's reluctance to associate with Communist -linked groups. In October 1933, Attorney General Schnader ordered

1938-409: The population. There were 12,223 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and

1989-438: The shared concepts were "unusual sensitivity in using natural light to best advantage while warding off the sun," a "quickly apparent organization of functions," and being "responsive to the varying situations in which it is built." Pennsylvania General Assembly Minority Minority The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the legislature of the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania . The legislature convenes in

2040-619: The smaller and similarly segregated Mount Pleasant School at the far eastern end of Tredyffrin. Only Black teachers and staff would be permitted to work at these schools. Meanwhile, the Tredyffrin School District would move its white students to the brand-new, all-white Easttown Elementary School, built with $ 250,000 of local tax revenue. The president of the Tredyffrin School Board, Norman Joy Greene, argued that racial segregation would foster economic growth: "The growth of

2091-456: The state Constitution also adds the category of "other infamous crimes," which can be broadly interpreted by state courts. No one who has been previously expelled from the General Assembly may be elected. Legislative districts are drawn every ten years, following the U.S. Census . They are drawn by a five-member commission, of which four members are the majority and minority leaders of each house (or their delegates). The fifth member, who chairs

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2142-447: The structure from the main reading room, and this structure juts out from the flue. Architectural Record said that this "allows direct access to the reading room from the public entrance." In 1990 a new children's library was created on the lower level of the building in previously unfinished space. As the community continued to grow and change, plans were finalized in 2004 to renovate and expand Tredyffrin Library. In September 2007,

2193-510: The township, especially the park and houses where various generals were quartered. Development in the township was sparked in the 19th century by construction and advertisement of the "Main Line" railroad service, which terminated in Paoli , which straddles the western border of the township. Tredyffrin-Easttown school district was unusual for the area in being racially integrated during the early part of

2244-440: The township. The population density was 1,464.9 inhabitants per square mile (565.6/km ). There were 12,551 housing units at an average density of 632.6 per square mile (244.2/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 90.88% White , 2.84% African American , 0.11% Native American , 5.12% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.29% from other races , and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of

2295-476: The township. It was located off Le Boutillier Road, near Swedesford Road. County Bridge No. 171 , Cramond , Cressbrook Farm , Federal Barn , Great Valley Mill , Greenwood Farm , David Havard House , Lafayette's Quarters , Maj. Gen. Lord Stirling Quarters , Mount Zion A.M.E. Church , Strafford Railroad Station , Valley Forge National Historical Park , Joseph Walker House , Van Leer Cabin , and Wetherby–Hampton–Snyder–Wilson–Erdman Log House are listed on

2346-401: The two townships has been retarded by the fact that we mix the colored and the white in our schools. Prospective home owners will undoubtedly be attracted to the communities, and real estate values should be very much improved." He also claimed that segregated schools would benefit Black students: "The change will give the colored of the district a fine school with the finest colored teachers, and

2397-432: Was $ 82,258, and the median income for a family was $ 105,183 (these figures had risen to $ 90,915 and $ 121,809 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $ 76,393 versus $ 46,124 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 47,584. About 2.2% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over. Tredyffrin

2448-455: Was 29,332 at the 2010 census . Settled in the late 17th century, Tredyffrin is bounded by Delaware and Montgomery counties. It includes on its northern boundary a small part of Valley Forge National Historical Park , where George Washington encamped during the American War of Independence . Tredyffrin and the entire Great Valley region also have many limestone deposits. Tredyffrin

2499-536: Was elected. The General Assembly is a continuing body within the term for which its representatives are elected. It convenes at 12 o'clock noon on the first Tuesday of January each year and then meets regularly throughout the year. Both houses adjourn on November 30 in even-numbered years, when the terms of all members of the House and half the members of the Senate expire. Neither body can adjourn for more than three days without

2550-488: Was quick to develop into a thriving township. In 1710, the first mill in Tredyffrin was started by Thomas Jerman on what is now North Valley Road. Swedesford Road, one of the first roads in the township, was created by 1718. As the population of the township grew, with 30 resident landowners in 1722 and 83 in 1774, churches sprung up to meet the demand by religious residents. In 1710, the Baptist minister Hugh Davis moved to

2601-476: Was to prohibit the General Assembly from writing statutes covering more than one subject . Unfortunately, the amendment (today found at Section 3 of Article III of the Pennsylvania Constitution) was so poorly written that it also prevented the General Assembly from undertaking a comprehensive codification of the Commonwealth's statutes until another amendment was pushed through in 1967 to provide

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