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34-701: The Bernasconi Hills are a low mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges , located in Riverside County , California , United States. The range forms the eastern flank of the Lake Perris reservoir. Bernasconi Pass separates the range into two parts: the Bernasconi Hills North and the Bernasconi Hills South . A monument in the pass recognizes that Juan Bautista de Anza and his expedition,

68-517: A collection of religious art, weapons and tools from the 17th and 18th centuries that were used in the Spanish missions in Baja California. In the "La Giganta" mountains (" Sierra de la Giganta "), there are cave paintings in canyons and rock shelters. The nearest sites to Loreto are "Cuevas Pintas" (15 km to the west) and "La Pingüica" (60 km to the north). Some of the cave paintings from

102-699: A geologic province known as the Salinian Block which broke off the North American Plate as the San Andreas Fault and Gulf of California came into being. Between this set of ranges and the Transverse Ranges is the complex Malibu Coast—Santa Monica— Hollywood fault , which exists as the border between these two mostly geologically unitary provinces. Most of the Peninsular Ranges are in

136-461: A mandatory single term limit of three years. The Mayor is a voting member of the council, and as head of the public municipal administration is directly responsible for actual implementation of the City Council's decisions, somewhat analogous to a City Manager . The Mayor of Loreto is Darryn Murphy, whose term runs until April 2021. The Syndic (or Trustee), also a voting member, is responsible for

170-521: A single governor. Later, the town became the headquarters for the Lieutenant Governor of California Viejo (the province of Baja California). The Municipality was created in 1992 and Loreto citizens elected their first Mayor (Municipal President) in 1993. The Federal Electoral Institute , as of February 3, 2008, recorded 9,073 registered voters for the Municipality of Loreto. Loreto is located on

204-835: A street with this last name), and the "Murillo", predominating in the south along the Arroyo Loreto, in the neighborhood known as "barrio del Muro", named after the retaining wall built to hold flood waters from the creek. Other large families are the Amador, the Arce, the Cota, the Higuera, the Romero and the Villalejo. There are seven buildings in Loreto from the 18th to 20th century that are considered historical monuments by

238-477: Is a tourist resort, catering mostly to American travelers, with daily flights from California to Loreto International Airport . Many American tourists enjoy fishing in "pangas" for "dorado" ( Mahi-mahi or Dolphin Fish). Local restaurants willingly prepare the daily catch of the tourists. Loreto has a museum that coexists alongside the historic, but still active, parish. Loreto has active sister city relationships with

272-630: Is a city and municipal seat of Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur , on the West Coast of Mexico . Located on the Gulf of California , the city had a population of 16,311 inhabitants in 2020. Loreto is a regional economic and cultural center, as well as a major tourist destination on the Baja California Peninsula . Loreto was founded in 1697, when Juan María de Salvatierra founded Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó . The city served as

306-668: Is in the Peninsular Ranges in San Diego County , as are Viejas Mountain and the San Ysidro Mountains . The Peninsular Ranges run predominantly north-south, unlike the Transverse Ranges to their north, which mostly run east-west. Rocks in the ranges are dominated by Mesozoic granitic rocks , derived from the same massive batholith which forms the core of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. They are part of

340-464: Is low; averaging about 160 mm (6.3 in). The wettest months are August and September, when there are occasional short-lived rainfalls. One concern for Loreto is the Pacific hurricane season , which runs from June 1 to November 30, and some times causes heavy rainfall and floods in the area. The last time the town area was hit by a hurricane was on September 2 and 3, 2006, when the hurricane John hit

374-527: Is one of the strongest species; its season begins in November, peaks from March to April, and comes to an end in late May. The city of Loreto is the seat of the Municipality of Loreto, which is governed by a City Council ( Ayuntamiento ), consisting of a Mayor or Municipal President (Presidente Municipal), a Syndic (Síndico), and six City Councilors (Regidores), all eight elected by direct popular vote for

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408-592: The Nearctic realm . Several terrestrial ecoregions cover portions of the Peninsular Ranges. On the western side of the northern portion of the ranges, the California montane chaparral and woodlands sub-ecoregion of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion covers southern California and northern Baja California. On the western side of the southern portion of the ranges, the Baja California desert ecoregion covers

442-597: The Santa Ana Mountains , Temescal Mountains , and other mountains and ranges of the Perris Block , San Jacinto Mountains , and Laguna Mountains of southern California continuing from north to south with the Sierra de Juárez , Sierra de San Pedro Mártir , Sierra de San Borja , Sierra de San Francisco , Sierra de la Giganta , and Sierra de la Laguna in Baja California. Palomar Mountain , home to Palomar Observatory ,

476-572: The Baja California Peninsula. According to INEGI , the 2015 city population was 18,535 people with 2565 households, with 77.67% male and 22.32% female householders. The population is young: 29.75% are from 0 to 14 years of age, 19.19% from 15 to 24, and only 6.42% are 60 years of age or older. For every 100 females there are 102.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.5 males. The Municipality of Loreto (which includes Nopoló , Puerto Escondido , San Javier and

510-574: The California cities of Hermosa Beach , Cerritos , and Ventura . Loreto has a tropical desert climate which is hot and humid, with abundant sunshine (desert with some rainfall in summer). The median temperature is 24.4 °C (76 °F). The temperatures are hot from June through October. Summer days have highs around 34 °C (93 °F) and high humidity. According to the National Meteorological Service, Loreto's highest official temperature reading of 44.2 °C (112 °F)

544-520: The Peninsular Ranges harbor many rare and endemic species. Southern Baja California Sur is part of the Neotropical realm . The southern end of the Baja California Peninsula, including the Sierra de la Laguna Peninsular Range, was, like the rest of the peninsula, originally part of the Mexican mainland. It was sheared off the mainland, becoming at one time an island, and evolved in relative isolation from

578-527: The best preserved mission in the peninsula. The ruins of Mission of San Bruno , the first mission of Baja California, founded in 1683 by Jesuit missionary explorer Padre Eusebio Kino . It was ordered abandoned by the Spanish Crown two years later. It is located 20 kilometers north of Loreto. The Jesuit Missions Museum ( Museo de las Misiones Jesuíticas ) is located beside the Mission of our Lady of Loreto. It has

612-520: The capital of Province of the Californias until 1777, when the capital moved to Monterey, California . Loreto continued to serve as the capital of Baja California until 1829. The city grew rapidly in the 20th century and is today a major tourist destination and regional hub. Loreto was the first Spanish colonial settlement of the Viceroyalty of New Spain on the Baja California Peninsula . The town

646-810: The community action level by seven subdelegates (Subdelegados Municipales), who are appointed by the City Council to perform certain functions: presently serving are Agua Verde, San Javier , Ligüi, Colonia Zaragoza, San Nicolás, Tembabiche, and San Juan. The city has two public schools of superior studies: The Catholic private school Colegio Calafia offers one associate degree in commerce High school students (10th to 12th grade) are served by two public schools: Middle school students (7th to 9th grade) are served by two public schools: Elementary school students (1st to 6th grade) are served by six public schools and one catholic private school. There are five kindergarten schools. Boarding School Number 8 ( Albergue Escolar Número 8 "General Venustiano Carranza" ) serves children from

680-574: The east coast of the Baja California Peninsula , at 26º00'46" N 111º20'36" W. It is bordered on the east by the Gulf of California , on the west by the Transpeninsular Highway , and on the south by the Arroyo Loreto, a dry creek bed that only fills with water after a heavy rainfall. The city is built on relatively flat land with an average elevation is 10 meters (33 ft) above sea level. "La Giganta" Mountain Range (" Sierra de la Giganta ") lies to

714-1210: The eastern ( Gulf of California ) side of the southern portion of the ranges, the Gulf of California xeric scrub ecoregion covers the range in Baja California Sur. The higher portions of the Peninsular Ranges, especially the west-facing slopes, are home to coniferous and mixed evergreen forests . Cleveland National Forest covers much of the higher Southern California Peninsular Ranges. The vegetation includes oak woodlands and forests of Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi ) and Coulter pine ( Pinus coulteri ) . The Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests cover upper slopes of Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir ranges in Baja California. These isolated forests, predominantly tamarack pine ( Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana ) , sugar pine ( Pinus lambertiana ) , Parry pinyon (Pinus quadrifolia) , white fir ( Abies concolor ) , California incense cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens ) , and junipers . Oak species include coast live oak ( Quercus agrifolia ) , Engelmann oak ( Quercus engelmannii ) , canyon live oak ( Quercus chrysolepis ) , and Baja oak ( Quercus peninsularis ) . These higher portions of

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748-527: The federal government; the most important is the Mission of our Lady of Loreto at the start of El Camino Real ("The Royal Road"), an historic corridor that follows north along the ancient route of the Spanish missions, to its ending in Sonoma, California, USA . In the neighboring town of San Javier are five historical buildings, most importantly the Mission of Saint Francis Xavier ( Misión de San Francisco Javier ),

782-534: The first Europeans to visit the area, traveled through the pass in March 1774. With the damming and formation of Lake Perris in 1973, the western side of the pass was flooded, but the pass can still be used to access Bernasconi Beach and Bernasconi Cove on the southeast end of the lake. Parts of the range are within the Lake Perris State Recreation Area . The rocky terrain is a recognized site for

816-602: The indigenous groups of Baja California have been added to UNESCO's list of world heritage sites. Loreto has a reputation as an excellent sport fishing location. This is its main tourist attraction, as well as the main source of employment in the area, thus linking Loreto's economy closely to fishing. There are two well-defined fishing seasons: summer features " dorado " and species like marlin ( black marlin , Atlantic blue marlin , striped marlin ) and sailfish , which are ideal for fly fishing; winter fishing features " yellow tail " (jurel) and other species that usually are deep in

850-409: The legal representation of both the council itself and of the municipal government more generally, and monitors municipal assets and supervises public servants conduct, similar to a US Inspector General . The other six City Councilors are voting members whose principal function is analysis and overall direction, rather than direct implementation of the council's decisions. The Mayor is represented at

884-428: The northern part of the peninsula and ranges. Its flora and fauna share many affinities with southern Mexico and Central America . It includes three distinct ecoregions, the Sierra de la Laguna dry forests , Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests , and San Lucan xeric scrub . 29°57′N 114°43′W  /  29.95°N 114.72°W  / 29.95; -114.72 Loreto, Baja California Sur Loreto

918-399: The rest of the little villages from the coast and mountains) has a population of 21,071 people. Due to Loreto's small population and low immigration, large families are characteristic, and residents often have the same last name, a phenomenon also found in other state localities. The two largest families are the "Davis", predominating in the east of the city, along the beach ("Calle Davis" is

952-618: The sea rocks. In addition to these seasonal species, Loreto's waters are home to other species like snapper and seabass, which are found all year long. Thanks to this abundance, Loreto has been home of several IGFA records. The two "foundations" of Loreto's sport fishing are the "dorado" and the "yellow tail" ( Seriola lalandi dorsalis ). The dorado is the emblematic species of Loreto's warm waters, its season beginning in late May, peaking from July to September, and ending in November, with two important tournaments, in July and September. The yellow tail

986-591: The southern portion of the Peninsular Ranges in Baja California and Baja California Sur . On the eastern side of the northern ranges, the Sonoran Desert ecoregion covers southeastern California and northeastern Baja California as far south as the town of Loreto , Baja California Sur . On the eastern side of the Laguna Mountains in San Diego County , Anza-Borrego Desert State Park is known for its springtime profusion of Colorado Desert (Sonoran) wildflowers. On

1020-462: The sport of bouldering . Enthusiasts of the sport refer to the area as the Bernasconi Ridge . The hills and the pass were named for Bernardo Bernasconi (1839-1923), a native of Switzerland, who purchased 284 acres (1.15 km) of land around the hills from Joseph Wolfskill and established a sheep ranch named Sulpher Springs Ranch . Peninsular Ranges The Peninsular Ranges include

1054-427: The unexplored northern frontier that became Alta California . The expedition departed from Loreto on March 24, 1769. The town served as the capital of the province of Las Californias from its founding until the capital was moved to Monterey on February 3, 1777. In 1768, the province had been split into Alta California (today's U.S. state of California) and Baja California. At first, the two provinces continued with

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1088-416: The west, extending along the center of the state of Baja California Sur, parallel to the gulf coast. The geology and topography of the Loreto region, extending from Bahía Concepción to Agua Verde, is a coastal belt consisting "mainly of a narrow belt of ridges, valleys, and pediments adjacent to the escarpment, low- to moderate-elevation ranges transverse to the coast, and narrow coastal plains". The city

1122-707: Was founded in 1697 by Jesuit missionaries, who found a steady spring of fresh water on this site, as the Misión Nuestra Señora de Loreto . The Jesuits were expelled in 1767, and control of the Baja California missions was given to the Franciscans . In 1769, the Franciscans were ordered to turn over the Baja missions to the Dominican Order and accompany the expedition of Gaspar de Portolá to establish new missions in

1156-546: Was recorded on July 2, 2006; the lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.0 °C (32 °F) on December 15, 1987. In spring season, the temperatures are moderate and temperate. Autumn and winter months are usually windy. From January to March, winds blow from the NW (night hours) and the North (day hours), the rest of the year, the winds blow usually from the West. Loreto's yearly precipitation

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