28-577: Bernard Landry GOQ ( French: [bɛʁnaʁ lɑ̃dʁi] ; March 9, 1937 – November 6, 2018) was a Canadian politician who served as the 28th premier of Quebec from 2001 to 2003. A member of the Parti Québécois (PQ), he led the party from 2001 to 2005, also serving as the leader of the Opposition from 2003 to 2005. Landry was born on March 9, 1937, in Saint-Jacques, Quebec , (near Joliette ),
56-439: A Grand Officer consists of two 18 kt gold plates, in the shape of a cross formed by two 60 millimetres (2.4 in) by 40 millimetres (1.6 in) arms, symmetrically superimposed atop one another 4 mm apart, the obverse face a high-polish , rusticated surface; at the lower left corner is a white enamel fleur-de-lis . On the reverse of the badge is inscribed the order's motto— Honneur au peuple du Québec (homage to
84-673: A Member of the National Assembly of Quebec , is eligible to be nominated and names may be submitted posthumously. The Cabinet may also, without the input of the Council of the National Order of Quebec, put forward the names of non-Quebecers for appointment as honorary members. Promotion through the grades is possible for both substantive and honorary members. Admission recognizes conspicuous meritorious actions that improve or support Quebec and/or its language and culture. Upon admission into
112-517: A degree in law from the Université de Montréal , and a degree in economics and finance from Sciences Po Paris . From September 2005, he was a professor at UQAM in the business strategy department. On February 9, 2008, Landry hosted the final round of the Finance Quiz at the 2008 Financial Open at UQAM . Landry died on November 6, 2018, from complications of pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 81. He
140-724: A role in Brian Mulroney 's dominance in Quebec during the election. After the defeat of Parti Québécois in the 1985 general election , he taught in the Department of Administrative Sciences at the Université du Québec à Montréal until 1994. After the victory of the PQ in the 1994 general election , the newly elected Premier, Jacques Parizeau , made him his Deputy Premier , a position he held from September 26, 1994, to December 15, 1998. As finance minister, Landry reduced program expenditures to balance
168-462: A symmetrically placed, etched cross with arms 30 millimetres (1.2 in) long by 20 millimetres (0.79 in) wide and filled with a highly polished, rusticated surface; a gold fleur-de-lis is mounted at the lower, left side of the cross. Each member will also receive miniature versions of their insignia, identical in appearance save for size: those for all grades being 18 millimetres (0.71 in) wide in each direction or in circumference. A lapel pin
196-400: Is also used for wear on casual civilian clothing. Male members wear their emblems suspended from a 38 millimetres (1.5 in) wide ribbon, at the collar for Grand Officers and Officers, and on a vertical ribbon on a medal bar on the left chest for Knights; women Grand Officers and Officers wear their insignia on a ribbon bow pinned at the left shoulder, and female Knights carry their medals in
224-676: The Canadian province of Quebec . The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec , sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election . The premier of Quebec is appointed as president of the Executive Council by the lieutenant governor of Quebec , the viceregal representative of the King in Right of Quebec . The premier is most usually the head of
252-453: The Crown in Right of Quebec and must be returned upon a holder's cessation of membership in the society, whether by death or dismissal. The following are some notable appointees into the National Order of Quebec: Premier of Quebec The premier of Quebec ( French : premier ministre du Québec (masculine) or première ministre du Québec (feminine)) is the head of government of
280-610: The Order of Quebec , is an order of merit in Quebec . Instituted in 1984 when Lieutenant Governor Jean-Pierre Côté granted royal assent to the Loi sur l'Ordre national du Québec (National Order of Quebec Act), the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Quebec residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as
308-574: The riding of Laval-des-rapides at the 1981 general election , he was again Minister of State of Economic Development until September 9, 1982, when he was made Delegate Minister to Exterior Commerce. He was later Minister of International Relations and Exterior Commerce, and Minister of Finance in the same government. During the 1988 Canadian federal election , Landry backed the Free Trade Agreement . His support, along with Jacques Parizeau played
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#1732849102735336-482: The National Order of Quebec are sought in Quebec's daily and weekly media publications and are directed to the Council of the National Order of Quebec, elected by and amongst the members of the order for a period of three years and headed by a president elected by the council for two years. This body is mandated to short-list candidates and forward their suggestions to the Governor-in-Council . Any person born, living, or who has lived in Quebec, save for anyone serving as
364-582: The Order of Quebec, members are presented with various insignia of the organization—a medallion, miniature, and button. All are administered by the Regulations for the Insignia of the National Order of Quebec and were designed by Madeleine Dansereau , who was inspired by the heraldic elements of the provincial flag , notably the colours of blue and white used on the order's ribbon and the fleur-de-lis . The badge of
392-645: The budget. The PQ and sovereignty lost public support and has not been restored to previous levels since. It was reported in the Montreal Gazette, and picked up by the New York Times that Landry spoke disparagingly of immigrants on the night of the 1995 referendum. In an unconfirmed article by The Gazette, an English-language paper in Montreal, it was reported that two employees at the Inter-Continental hotel in
420-507: The city planned to file a complaint against Mr. Landry with the Quebec Human Rights Commission. Anita Martinez, a night clerk at the hotel, said that Mr. Landry told her, "It was because of you immigrants that the 'no' won," and added, "Why is it that we open the doors to this country so you can vote 'no' " to Quebec sovereignty?. Landry himself firmly denied having ever been either impolite to the two women, nor having ever made
448-472: The comments regarding immigrants. Landry became Premier of Quebec on March 8, 2001, following the resignation of Lucien Bouchard . He was a Quebec sovereigntist advocating a supranational confederation of Quebec and Canada, inspired by the institutions of the European Union . As such, he was one of the most faithful followers of René Lévesque and the other sovereignty-associationists . In 2001, Landry
476-507: The controversy to undermine his national political cachet. In 2003, Landry lost the Quebec general election to Jean Charest 's Quebec Liberal Party . A renowned documentary named À hauteur d'homme about his viewpoint of the election was produced in 2003. At the August 2004 Parti Québécois National Council, after a long period of reflection that began the day after the election, he announced on August 27, 2004, that he would remain president of
504-586: The federal government's policy of prominently displaying the maple leaf on federal government buildings and programs by saying, " Le Québec ne ferait pas le trottoir pour un bout de chiffon rouge " (Quebec does not prostitute itself for a piece of red cloth). Landry's aggressive remarks were widely criticized for insulting the Canadian flag, particularly among English-language media which rendered chiffon as "rag". Landry subsequently apologized but insisted that his words had been mistranslated. Landry's opponents used
532-402: The highest honour in Quebec. In 1986, the order was expanded to include honorary membership for people outside Quebec. Although the National Order of Quebec was established with the granting of royal assent by Quebec's lieutenant governor and the Canadian sovereign is the fount of honour , the viceroy does not, as in other provinces, form an explicit part of the organization. Instead,
560-509: The legislative priorities on the opening speech of the National Assembly. The premier represents the leading party and must have the confidence of the assembly, as expressed by votes on budgets and other matters considered as confidence votes. The term "premier" is used in English, while French employs "premier ministre", which translates directly to "prime minister". In at least one instance,
588-453: The monarch's representative is related to the order only by virtue of his or her place in council , collectively termed the government of Quebec , to which the constitution of the Order of Quebec makes specific reference. The order contains three grades, each with accordant post-nominal letters and place in the Canadian order of precedence for honours, decorations, and medals . They are, in descending hierarchical order: Nominations to
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#1732849102735616-404: The party winning the most seats in the National Assembly of Quebec and is normally a sitting member of the National Assembly. An exception to this rule occurs when the winning party's leader fails to win a riding. In that case, the premier would have to attain a seat by winning a by-election. This has happened, for example, to Robert Bourassa in 1985. The role of the premier of Quebec is to set
644-765: The party, and lead the PQ to the next election in order to bring Quebec to independence. However, on June 4, 2005, Landry announced he would resign as party leader after gaining 76.2% approval in a leadership confidence vote at a party convention in Quebec City, which he did not consider sufficient support. After retirement Landry stayed active in politics as a critic and to encourage young people to be involved in politics. Articles National Order of Quebec The National Order of Quebec , termed officially in French as l'Ordre national du Québec , and in English abbreviation as
672-417: The people of Quebec)—and a serial number at the base of the vertical bar. The badge for Officers is of a nearly identical design, but made of arms 50 millimetres (2.0 in) long by 25 millimetres (0.98 in) wide, the obverse plate in 18k gold with an applied gold fleur-de-lis, and the rear in sterling silver . Knights have a medal with a 40 millimetres (1.6 in) diameter, brushed silver medallion with
700-763: The same fashion as the men. The ribbon for miniatures is 18 millimetres (0.71 in) wide. The regulations of the National Order of Quebec stipulate that the premier presents new inductees with their insignia, either on the National Holiday of Quebec or another day during the National Week. The ceremony takes place in the Salon Rouge of the parliament building in Quebec City , though exceptions are sometimes made when inductees cannot be present (notably for some non-Quebecer appointments). The insignia remain property of
728-478: The son of Thérèse Granger and Bernard Landry. Landry was first married to Lorraine Laporte first a lawyer and later a court judge on Quebec justice system with whom he had three children. After his wife's death to cancer in 1999, in 2004, he married script writer and former yé-yé singer and actress Chantal Renaud . Landry was classically trained by the clergy and retained some Latin. A native speaker of French, he also spoke fluent English and Spanish. Landry received
756-474: Was critical about Quebec receiving an extra $ 1.5 billion in equalization payments calling it degrading Quebec status and accused Ottawa for short-changing the province for decades by stating "Receiving equalization payments for more than 40 years in a row is clear evidence that the central government failed in redistributing real wealth,". During the Parti Québécois leadership race of 2001, Landry criticized
784-682: Was given a state funeral at Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal . Landry ran unsuccessfully in Joliette in the 1970 election and in Joliette-Montcalm in 1973 . He was a practising lawyer and a partner in the Montreal law firm of Lapointe Rosenstein when he was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 1976 general election in Fabre . Under the Parti Québécois government of René Lévesque , he served as Minister of State of Economic Development from February 2, 1977, to March 12, 1981. Re-elected in
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