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55-647: The corporation is headquartered in the city of Nome, Alaska , operates a business office in Anchorage, Alaska , and operates site locations in Alaska, across the United States and internationally. The BSNC region is located in Northwest Alaska and is home to three culturally distinct people: Inupiat , Siberian Yupik and Central Yup’ik . BSNC is owned by more than 8,200 Alaska Native shareholders. BSNC owns and manages

110-471: A tundra , with long, very cold winters, and short, cool summers. However, conditions in both winter and summer are moderated by the city's coastal location; winters are less severe than in the Interior , and conversely, summers are lukewarm. For example, Fairbanks at a similar parallel quite far inland has much greater temperature swings with both very warm and cold temperatures throughout the year. Even so, Nome

165-481: A 3,025 ft (922 m) breakwater east of the existing Causeway and a 270 ft (82 m) spur on the end of the Causeway making it to a total of 2,982 feet (909 m). The City Dock (south) on the Causeway is equipped with marine headers to handle the community's bulk cargo and fuel deliveries. The City Dock is approximately 200 feet (61 m) in length with a depth of 22.5 feet (MLLW). The WestGold Dock (north)

220-491: A day. In 1899, Charles D. Lane founded Wild Goose Mining & Trading Co. His company constructed the Wild Goose Railroad from Nome to Dexter Discovery; it was extended (1906-1908) to the village of Shelton, also known as Lanes Landing. Many late-comers tried to "jump" the original claims by filing mining claims covering the same ground. The federal judge for the area ruled the original claims valid, but some of

275-533: A major source of employment and revenue for Nome through to the present day. Mining's contribution to the town was estimated at $ 6 million a year in 1990 (~$ 12.4 million in 2023), before a major increase in the price of gold brought renewed interest to offshore leases (where 1,000,000 ounces of gold were estimated to be in reserve ) and a subsequent boom in revenues and employment. The Discovery Channel has featured 15 seasons of "Bering Sea Gold" concerning offshore efforts to dredge gold both in summer and winter; in

330-442: A subsurface estate of approximately 2.1 million acres (8,500 km), 145,728 acres (58,974 ha) of its own and the remainder selected by the region’s 17 village corporations. Bering Straits Native Corporation is owned by more than 8,200 Alaska Native shareholders. These include original shareholders, heirs and gift recipients residing inside and outside Alaska. BSNC shareholders who are Alaska Native are eligible to vote for

385-529: A toponym in several places in Norway . A second theory is that Nome received its name through an error: allegedly when a British cartographer copied an ambiguous annotation made by a British officer on a nautical chart, while on a voyage up the Bering Strait. The officer had written "? Name" next to the unnamed cape. The mapmaker misread the annotation as "C. Nome", or Cape Nome , and used that name on his own chart;

440-404: Is 190 feet (58 m) in length with the same depth of 22.5 feet (ML, LW). The Westgold dock handles nearly all of the exported rock/gravel for this region and is the primary location to load/unload heavy equipment. The opening between the new breakwater and the Causeway (Outer Harbor Entrance) is approximately 500 feet (150 m) in width and serves as access to both Causeway deep water docks and

495-502: Is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function. They can be used for dog sled racing . Traditionally in Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic the Inuit had the dogs pull in a fan shape in front of the sled, while in other regions, such as Alaska and the western part of Northern Canada

550-734: Is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of the US state of Alaska . The city is located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea . It had a population of 3,699 recorded in the 2020 census , up from 3,598 in 2010. Nome was incorporated on April 9, 1901. It was once the most-populous city in Alaska. Nome lies within the region of the Bering Straits Native Corporation , which

605-620: Is a qualified acute care facility and medevac service. Long-term care is provided by Quyaana Care Center (a unit of the hospital). Specialized care is available through facilities such as Norton Sound Community Mental Health Center, Turning Point – Saquigvik (transitional living), and XYZ Senior Center. Nome is classified as a large town/Regional Center, it is found in EMS Region 5A in the Norton Sound Region. Emergency Services have limited highway, coastal and airport access. Emergency service

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660-411: Is greatest in the summer months, and averages 17.22 inches (437.4 mm) per year. The annual average temperature is 28.0 °F (−2.2 °C). Extreme temperatures range from −54 °F (−48 °C) on January 27–28, 1989 up to 86 °F (30 °C) on June 19, 2013, and July 31, 1977; the record cold daily maximum is −40 °F (−40 °C), set on January 28–29, 1919, while, conversely,

715-645: Is headquartered in Nome. In prehistory, Nome was home to Iñupiat natives. The area came to Western attention in 1898, when three Nordic-Americans discovered gold on the ocean shores of Nome, prompting the Nome Gold Rush . Within a year the city went from non-existent to a population of some 10,000. Gold mining continued to attract settlers into the early 1900s, but the city's population had fallen considerably by 1910. A series of fires and violent storms destroyed most of Nome's Gold Rush era buildings between 1905 and 1974. In

770-659: Is home to Alaska's oldest newspaper, the Nome Nugget . Nome is a regional center of transportation for surrounding villages. There are two state-owned airports: Nome seaport is used by freight ships and cruise ships, located at 64.5°N and 165.4°W on the southern side of the Seward Peninsula in Norton Sound . The Corps of Engineers completed the Nome Harbor Improvements Project in the summer of 2006 adding

825-556: Is influenced by Far East Russia 's cold landmass and as a result the climate is much colder than in coastal Scandinavia at similar latitudes. The coldest month is January, averaging 5.6 °F (−14.7 °C), although highs on average breach the freezing point on 2–4 days per month from December to March and there are 76 days annually of 0 °F (−17.8 °C) or lower temperatures, which have been recorded as early as October 12 in 1996 and as late as May 5 in 1984. Average highs stay below freezing from late October until late April, and

880-513: Is located at 64°30′14″N 165°23′58″W  /  64.50389°N 165.39944°W  / 64.50389; -165.39944 (64.503889, −165.399444). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 21.6 square miles (56 km ), of which 12.5 square miles (32 km ) is land and 9.1 square miles (23.6 km ) (41.99%) is water. Nome has a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ), closely bordering on

935-581: Is provided by 911 Telephone Service and by Nome Volunteer Ambulance Dept. The reality television series Bering Sea Gold is set and filmed in Nome. Nome is referenced in the songs "Marry the Man Today" from the 1950 Frank Loesser / Jo Swerling / Abe Burrows musical Guys and Dolls ; in "A Little Brains, A Little Talent" from the 1955 Richard Adler and Jerry Ross musical Damn Yankees ; and in "Ah, Paree!" from Stephen Sondheim 's 1971 musical Follies . Dog sled A dog sled or dog sleigh

990-525: The 2000 United States Census , there were 3,505 people, 1,184 households, and 749 families in the city. The population density was 279.7 inhabitants per square mile (108.0/km ). There were 1,356 housing units at an average density of 108.2 per square mile (41.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 51.0% Native American , 37.9% White , 1.5% Asian , 0.9% Black or African American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.4% from other races , and 8.2% from two or more races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of

1045-471: The Distant Early Warning system that are visible from the city but are no longer in use. Total gold production for the Nome district has been at least 3.6 million troy ounces (110,000 kg). Nome's population decline continued after 1910 although at a fairly slow rate. By 1950 Nome had 1,852 inhabitants. By 1960 the population of Nome had climbed to 2,316. At this point placer gold mining

1100-727: The Kougarok River , and Teller : the Nome-Council , Nome-Taylor , and Nome-Teller Highways , respectively. There are also smaller roads to communities up to 87 miles (140 km) from Nome, yet no road connection to the other major cities of Alaska. There are no railroads going to or from Nome. A 500-mile (800 km) road project ( Manley Hot Springs–Nome ) is being discussed in Alaska. It has been estimated (as of 2010) to cost $ 2.3 to $ 2.7 billion, or approximately $ 5 million per mile. Local hospitals and medical centers include Norton Sound Regional Hospital and Nome Health Center. The hospital

1155-476: The Western Federation of Miners for all unemployed workers to stay away, saying that "All the rich mines are practically worked out." Fires in 1905 and 1934, as well as violent storms in 1900, 1913, 1945 and 1974, destroyed much of Nome's gold rush -era architecture. The pre-fire " Discovery Saloon " is now a private residence and is being slowly restored as a landmark. The Black Wolf Squadron , under

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1210-673: The 1925 serum run to Nome. One of his dogs, Togo , is considered the forgotten hero of the Great Race of Mercy; another of his dogs, Fritz, is preserved and on display at the Carrie M. McLain Memorial Museum in Nome. During World War II, Nome was the last stop on the ferry system for planes flying from the United States to the Soviet Union for the Lend-lease program. The airstrip currently in use

1265-521: The 21st century, Nome's economy remains based around gold mining, which is now mostly carried out offshore. The city of Nome also claims to be home to the world's largest gold pan , although this claim has been disputed by the Canadian city of Quesnel, British Columbia . The origin of the city's name "Nome" is debated; there are three theories. The first is that the name was given by Nome's founder, Jafet Lindeberg , an immigrant from Norway. Nome appears as

1320-679: The 2nd and 3rd largest places. The demographics for 1900 included 12,395 Whites, 42 Natives, 41 Asians and 10 Blacks. It was incorporated as a city in 1901. By 1910, it had fallen to 2,600 residents. Of those, 2,311 were White, 235 were Natives and 54 for all other races. It dropped to the 2nd largest city in Alaska behind Fairbanks. By 1920, it dropped to 9th place, with just 852 residents. In 1930, it rose to 6th largest with 1,213 residents (882 Whites, 326 Natives, 5 others). In 1940, it remained in 6th place with 1,559 residents. It dropped to 10th place in 1950 with 1,876 residents. In 1960, it rose to 8th place with 2,316 residents (with 1,608 "other", which

1375-769: The BSNC family of companies. These programs include: The BSNC region encompasses most of the Seward Peninsula and eastern Norton Sound in Alaska . BSNC's land entitlement under ANCSA includes over 2.1 million acres (8,900 km²) of surface and/or subsurface estate in this region. Under federal law, Bering Straits Native Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships are deemed to be "minority and economically disadvantaged business enterprise[s]" (43 USC 1626(e)). Nome, Alaska Nome ( / ˈ n oʊ m / ; ( Inupiaq : Sitŋasuaq , pronounced [sitŋɐsuɑq] , also Sitŋazuaq , Siqnazuaq ))

1430-547: The Board of Directors or on other advisory matters that come to the shareholders for a vote at the Annual Meeting. At incorporation, BSNC enrolled 6,333 Alaska Native shareholders, each of whom received 100 shares of BSNC stock. As an ANCSA corporation, BSNC has no publicly traded stock and its shares cannot legally be sold. BSNC’s Shareholder Relations Department manages shareholder records, stocks, gifting of stock, stock wills and

1485-520: The Dexter Saloon, the city's first two-story wooden building and its largest and most luxurious saloon out of more than 60 saloons. During the period from 1900 to 1909, estimates of Nome's population reached as high as 20,000. The highest recorded population of Nome, in the 1900 United States Census, was 12,488. At this time, Nome was the largest city in the Alaska Territory . Early in this period,

1540-486: The MyBSNC portal. MyBSNC is an interactive special shareholder portal designed to provide BSNC shareholders information about their shareholder records. The Shareholder Development Department works directly with shareholders and descendants to assist them in identifying and reaching educational and professional career goals. In addition, the department helps connect shareholders and descendants with employment opportunities within

1595-629: The U.S. Army policed the area, and expelled any inhabitant each autumn who did not have shelter (or the resources to pay for shelter) for the harsh winter. By 1910 Nome's population had fallen to 2,600, and by 1934, to less than 1,500. In May 1910, the Industrial Worker , the newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), published a notice from the Nome Miners' Union and Local 240 of

1650-443: The annual mean temperature has ranged from 21.1 °F (−6.1 °C) in 1920 to 32.5 °F (0.3 °C) in 2016. Bering Sea water temperatures around Nome vary during summer from 34 to 48 °F (1.1 to 8.9 °C). See or edit raw graph data . Nome first appeared on the 1900 US Census as an unincorporated village of 12,488 residents. At the time, it was the largest community in Alaska, ahead of Skagway and Juneau ,

1705-404: The average family size was 3.45. The city population contained 31.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 59,402, and

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1760-610: The average first and last dates of freezing lows are August 30 and June 9, respectively, a freeze-free period of 81 days. The warmest month is July, with an average of 52.0 °F (11.1 °C); temperatures rarely reach 80 °F (27 °C) or remain above 60 °F (16 °C) the whole night. Snow averages 82.8 inches (210 cm) per season, with the average first and last dates of measurable (≥0.1 inches or 0.25 centimetres) snowfall being October 4 and May 16; accumulating snow has not been officially observed in July or August. Precipitation

1815-481: The city in turn took its name from the cape. Noted toponymist and historian George R. Stewart favored this explanation, citing a letter from the British Admiralty which allegedly confirmed the story from historical records. The third proposed origin of the name is from a misunderstanding of the local Inupiaq word for "Where at?", Naami . In February 1899, some local miners and merchants voted to change

1870-437: The claim jumpers agreed to share their invalid claims with influential Washington politicians. Alexander McKenzie took an interest in the gold rush and secured the appointment of Arthur Noyes as the federal district judge for the Nome region for the purpose of taking control of gold placer mines in Nome. McKenzie seized mining claims with an unlawfully procured receivership granted by Judge Noyes. McKenzie's claim-jumping scheme

1925-484: The cold. However, Alaskan Huskies are also a popular dog for sled dog racing , because of their endurance, good eating habits, speed, and dedication to running even when tired. Sometimes, for sprint races, mushers use short-haired hounds that are faster than the average husky . These hounds are raised from a young age to pull. It is harder to train hounds than it is to train Siberian Huskies and Malamutes to pull

1980-470: The command of Capt. St. Clair Streett , landed here on August 23, 1920, after the culmination of a 4527-mile flight from Mitchel Field . Noel Wien and Gene Miller based their air services from Nome in June 1927. In 1925, Nome was the destination of the famous Great Race of Mercy , in which dog sleds played a large part in transporting diphtheria antitoxin serum through harsh conditions. In 1973, Nome became

2035-556: The community. A federally recognized tribe is located in the community, the Nome Eskimo Community. Former villagers from King Island also live in Nome. The ANCSA village corporation in Nome is Sitnasuak Native Corporation. Inupiat hunted for game on the west coast of Alaska from prehistoric times and there is recent archeological evidence to suggest that there was an Inupiat settlement at Nome, known in Inupiat as Sitnasuak, before

2090-468: The discovery of gold. In the summer of 1898, the "Three Lucky Swedes": Norwegian-American Jafet Lindeberg , and two naturalized American citizens of Swedish birth, Erik Lindblom and John Brynteson , discovered gold on Anvil Creek. News of the discovery reached the outside world that winter. By 1899, Nome had a population of 10,000 and the area was organized as the Nome mining district . In that year, gold

2145-435: The dogs pull side by side in pairs. Dog power has been used for hunting and traveling for over a thousand years. As far back as the 10th century CE these dogs have contributed to human culture. Assembling a dog sled team involves picking lead dogs, point dogs, swing dogs, and wheel dogs. The lead dog is crucial, so mushers take extraordinary care of these dogs. Another important detail is to have powerful wheel dogs to pull

2200-646: The east, west and south inner harbor sheet pile docks, east beach landing and west barge ramp for delivery in the region. An addition to the Nome facility in 2005 was a 60-foot-wide (18 m) concrete barge ramp located inside the inner harbor just west of the Snake River entrance. The ramp provides the bulk cargo carriers with a location closer to the causeway to trans-load freight to landing craft and roll equipment on and off barges. This location also has 2 acres (8,100 m ) of uplands to be used for container, vessel and equipment storage. Local roads lead to Council ,

2255-601: The ending point of the 1,049+ mi (1,600+ km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race . The latter part of its route was used in the serum run. The sled driver of the final leg of the relay was the Norwegian-born Gunnar Kaasen ; his lead sled dog was Balto . A statue of Balto by F.G. Roth stands near the Central Park Zoo in Central Park , New York City. Leonhard Seppala ran the penultimate, and longest, leg of

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2310-474: The latter season access is gained by making holes in the ice and sending a diver beneath to dredge the sea floor. The University of Alaska Fairbanks operates a regional satellite facility in Nome called the Northwest Campus (formerly known as Northwest Community College). Nome is served by Nome Public Schools and the following public schools attended by over 720 students: Nome's airwaves are filled by

2365-469: The median income for a family was $ 68,804. Males had a median income of $ 50,521 versus $ 35,804 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 23,402. About 5.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.3% under the age of 18 and 6.9% ages 65 or older. The population of Nome is a mixture of Inupiat Eskimos and non-Natives. Although some employment opportunities are available, subsistence activities are prevalent in

2420-525: The name from Nome to Anvil City, because of the confusion with Cape Nome, 12 miles (19 km) east, and the Nome River , the mouth of which is 4 mi (6.4 km) east of Nome. The United States Post Office in Nome refused to accept the change. Fearing a move of the post office to Nome City, a mining camp on the Nome River, the merchants unhappily agreed to change the name of Anvil City back to Nome. Nome

2475-550: The new Snake River entrance that leads into the Small Boat Harbor. The old entrance along the seawall has been filled in and is no longer navigable (see photos on website). Buoys outline the navigation channel from the outer harbor entrance into the inner harbor. The Nome Small Boat Harbor has a depth of 10 feet (MLLW) and offers protected mooring for recreational and fishing vessels alongside two floating docks. Smaller cargo vessels and landing craft load village freight and fuel at

2530-406: The population. There were 1,184 households, out of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and

2585-483: The radio stations KNOM (780 AM, 96.1 FM) and KICY ( 850 AM , 100.3 FM ), plus a repeater of Fairbanks' KUAC , K217CK, on 91.3 FM. Cable television and broadband in Nome is serviced by GCI , which offers all popular cable channels, plus most of Anchorage's television stations. Nome also has three local low-powered stations, K09OW channel 9 and K13UG channel 13 (both carrying programming from ARCS ), plus K11TH channel 11 (a 3ABN owned and operated translator). Nome

2640-418: The record warm daily minimum is 64 °F (18 °C) on July 20, 1993, and August 14, 1926. The coldest day of the year averaged −17 °F (−27 °C) in the 1991 to 2020 normals, while the warmest night average was at 57 °F (14 °C). The coldest has been February 1990 with a mean temperature of −17.2 °F (−27.3 °C), while the warmest month was August 1977 at 56.3 °F (13.5 °C);

2695-490: The sled out from the snow. Point dogs (optional) are located behind the leader dogs, swing dogs between the point and wheel dogs, and team dogs are all other dogs in between the wheel and swing dogs and are selected for their endurance, strength, and speed as part of the team. In dog sledding, Siberian Huskies or Alaskan Malamutes are the main types of dogs that are used for recreational sledding because of their strength, speed, and endurance as well as their ability to withstand

2750-507: The winter of 1925, a diphtheria epidemic raged among Alaska Natives in the Nome area. Fierce territory-wide blizzard conditions prevented the delivery of a life-saving diphtheria antitoxin serum by airplane from Anchorage . A relay of dog sled teams was organized to deliver the serum , which was successfully led by Balto and Togo . Today, the Iditarod Dog Sled Race follows the same route they took and ends in Nome. In

2805-403: Was built and troops were stationed there. One "Birchwood" hangar remains and has been transferred to a local group with hopes to restore it. It is not located on the former Marks Air Force Base (now the primary Nome Airport ); rather it is a remnant of an auxiliary landing field a mile or so away: "Satellite Field". In the hills north of the city, there were auxiliary facilities associated with

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2860-589: Was eventually stopped by the federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. However, the episode provided the plot for Rex Beach 's best-selling novel The Spoilers (1906), which was made into a stage play, then five times into movies, including two versions starring John Wayne : The Spoilers (co-starring Marlene Dietrich ) and North to Alaska (1960, the theme of which mentions Nome. ) Wyatt Earp , of Tombstone, Arizona, fame, lived in Nome during gold-rush days - in September 1899, Earp and partner Charles E. Hoxie built

2915-425: Was found in the beach sands for dozens of miles along the coast at Nome, which spurred the stampede to new heights. Thousands more people poured into Nome during the spring of 1900 aboard steamships from the ports of Seattle and San Francisco. By 1900, a tent city on the beaches and on the treeless coast reached 48 km (30 mi), from Cape Rodney to Cape Nome . In June of that year, Nome averaged 1000 newcomers

2970-430: Was mostly Native; 705 Whites and 3 Blacks). By 1970, Nome had fallen out of the top 10 places to 18th largest community (although 9th largest incorporated city). In 1980, it was 15th largest (12th largest incorporated city). In 1990, it was 16th largest (12th largest incorporated city). In 2000, it was 25th largest (16th largest incorporated city). In 2010, it was now the 30th largest (16th largest incorporated city). As of

3025-518: Was still the leading economic activity. The local Alaska Native population was involved in ivory carving and the U.S. military had stationed troops in the city also contributing to the local economy. In 1995, Nome was "connected to the Internet." The Hope Sled Dog Race was run between Anadyr, Russia, and Nome after the fall of the Soviet Union. The race continued for more than a decade, but has not been run since approximately 2004. Gold mining has been

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