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37-561: Some of the oldest vestiges of human occupation in Paris were found on the territory of Bercy, dating from the late Neolithic (between 4000 and 3800 BC). The name of Bercy, or Bercix, appeared for the first time in property deeds in the twelfth century. The area belonged for a time to the Montmorency family before passing to the Malons family, who had an old manor house expanded by François Le Vau into

74-461: A disadvantage, John retreated back to La Rochelle . Shortly afterwards, Philip won the hard-fought Battle of Bouvines in the north against Otto and John's other allies, bringing an end to John's hopes of retaking Normandy. In April 1215, Louis, fulfilling his father's vow to crusade against the Albigensians, was cautioned by a papal legate not to impede the crusade. At Narbonne , Louis ordered

111-468: A letter from Pope Honorius III, entreating him to move against the Albigensians. In early 1226, following the excommunication of Raymond VII of Toulouse at the Council of Bourges and the promise of a tenth of clerical incomes towards the next crusade, Louis took the cross, stating his intention to crusade against the Albigensians. In May 1226, Louis assembled his army at Bourges and moving quickly captured

148-756: A nominal control over the county to learn about governance. In summer 1195, a marriage between Louis and Eleanor of Brittany , niece of King Richard I of England , was suggested for an alliance between Philip II and Richard, but it failed. On 23 May 1200, Louis was married to Blanche of Castile , daughter of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England . The marriage could only be concluded after prolonged negotiations between King Philip II of France and Blanche's uncle John, King of England. In 1213, Louis occupied two towns in Flanders, St. Omer and Aire, which led to animosity between Louis' father, Philip II, and Count Renaud of Boulogne. By 1214, Philip II of France,

185-410: A pledge from Louis not to attack England again, and 10,000 marks to be given to Louis – a considerable sum at the time. In return Louis' excommunication was lifted. Louis succeeded his father on 14 July 1223; his coronation took place on 6 August of the same year in the cathedral at Reims . Amalric of Montfort traded Louis his claim on the county of Toulouse in return for becoming constable of

222-488: A sovereign prince. Henri II de Montmorency (1595 – October 30, 1632), son of Duke Henri I, succeeded to the title in 1614, having previously been made Grand Admiral . He also was governor of Languedoc. In 1625 he defeated the French Protestant fleet under Soubise , and seized the islands of Ré and Oleron , but the jealousy of Richelieu deprived him of the means of following up these advantages. In 1628-1629 he

259-453: Is eponymous of the modern commune of Montmorency , Val-d'Oise département , in the immediate neighborhood of Enghien-les-Bains and Saint-Denis , about 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Paris . The family, since its first appearance in history in the person of Bouchard I of Montmorency in the 10th century, has furnished six constables and twelve marshals of France , several admirals and cardinals , numerous grand officers of

296-609: The Angevin Kings of England with Gascony as their only remaining continental possession. Louis died in November 1226 from dysentery , while returning from the Albigensian Crusade, and was succeeded by his son, Louis IX . Born 5 September 1187, Louis was the son of King Philip II of France and Isabella of Hainault. His mother died in 1190, but Louis was not formally invested as Count of Artois. Instead, his father allowed him

333-504: The Château de Bercy . In the eighteenth century, a large site located along the Seine, contiguous to the Paris city limits of the time, began to be used as a warehousing area, particularly for wine. For two hundred years, the area was the thriving centre of the Paris wine trade and a place with a unique life and culture. Bercy was formerly a commune . In 1860, when Paris annexed its suburban zone,

370-539: The House of Laval . Canada 's oldest French-language university, Université Laval , was named after François de Montmorency-Laval , first bishop of New France and founder of the Quebec Seminary, from while Université Laval emerged. Anne de Montmorency , so named, it is said, after his godmother Anne of Brittany , was the first to attain the ducal title (1551). His eldest son, François de Montmorency (1530–1579),

407-661: The Isle of Thanet in eastern Kent, England, at the head of an army on 21 May 1216. There was little resistance when the prince entered London, and he was proclaimed King Louis I of England at Old St Paul's Cathedral with great pomp and celebration in the presence of all of London. Even though he was not crowned, many nobles, as well as King Alexander II of Scotland on behalf of his English possessions, gathered to give homage . At Winchester on 29 May 1216, Cardinal Bicchieri excommunicated Louis and all his followers. On 14 June 1216, Louis captured Winchester and soon controlled over half of

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444-575: The Crown and grand masters of various knightly orders. Henry IV of France once said, that if ever the House of Bourbon should fail (i.e., become extinct), no European family deserved the French crown more than the House of Montmorency. Bouchard I's son Thibaud of Montmorency was the ancestor of the lords of Montlhéry . Matthieu I of Montmorency received in 1138 the post of constable, and died in 1160. His first wife

481-566: The Elder , from 1219 to 1223, and as king, from January 1226 to September 1226. Crowned king in 1223, Louis' ordinance against Jewish usury, a reversal of his father's policies, led to the establishment of Lombard moneylenders in Paris. Louis' campaigns in 1224 and 1226 against the Angevin Empire gained him Poitou , Saintonge , and La Rochelle as well as numerous cities in Languedoc , thus leaving

518-517: The English barons rebelled against the unpopular King John in the First Barons' War . The barons, seeing Louis' wife as a descendant of Henry II of England, offered the throne to him. While Louis prepared an army to press his claim to the English throne, a new papal legate, Cardinal Guala Bicchieri , who was traveling through France to England, explicitly condemned Louis' plan. Louis landed unopposed on

555-648: The English kingdom. King John's death in October 1216 caused many of the rebellious barons to desert Louis in favour of John's nine-year-old son, Henry III . Louis, undeterred by Henry's reissuing of the Magna Carta, besieged and invested the castle of Hertford in December 1216. By 20 December 1216, he received a proposal for a truce, from regent William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, lasting from Christmas until 13 January. Louis accepted these terms and traveled back to London, on

592-508: The Montmorency family. Morres descendants persisted in asserting the connection, obtaining a Royal license to change their name, despite objections expressed in the 1860s by undisputed descendants of the Montmorency family in France. The lords of Montmorency were: In 1689, the title of Duke of Montmorency was merged with that of Duke of Enghien . Louis, Prince of Condé (1668–1710) carried

629-628: The Montmorency-Fosseux. This branch becoming extinct in 1862, the title was taken by the Duc de Valencay , who belonged to the Talleyrand-Périgord family and married one of the two heiresses of this branch (1864). There were many other branches of the Montmorency family, among others that of the seigneurs of Laval . In the 19th century the Irish Morres family highlighted a claim to descent from

666-628: The commune of Bercy was dissolved. The north-west portion of its territory was consolidated into Paris while the south-east portion, beyond the fortifications, was consolidated into Charenton-le-Pont . The area features a number of well-known landmarks: Line 14 of the Métro crosses the neighbourhood. There are two stations: Bercy and Cour Saint-Émilion . 48°50′10″N 2°23′0″E  /  48.83611°N 2.38333°E  / 48.83611; 2.38333 Montmorency family The House of Montmorency ( pronounced [mɔ̃.mɔ.ʁɑ̃.si] )

703-442: The destruction of the town's fortifications in response to the disagreement between Simon de Montfort and Arnaud Amaury and forced the viscount and other authorities to swear loyalty to Simon. While at Toulouse, he ordered the city officials to tear down their walls, fill in their moat, and to accept Simon de Montfort as the head of their government. Louis' involvement in the crusade favored Simon de Montfort at every turn. In 1215,

740-451: The enemy's hands and, abandoned by Gaston, was executed as a traitor at Toulouse on October 30. The ducal title passed to his sister Charlotte-Marguerite, princess of Condé . From the barons de Fosseux, a branch of the Montmorency family established in Brabant in the 15th century, sprang the seigneurs de Bouteville , among whom was the duellist François de Montmorency-Bouteville , who

777-464: The front against John in Poitou. The first part of the campaign went well for the English, Louis being outmaneuvered by John, and losing the city of Angers by the end of June. When John besieged the castle of Roche-au-Moine , a key stronghold, Louis was forced give battle against John's army. When faced against Louis' forces, the local Poitevin nobles refused to advance with the king; left at something of

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814-883: The kingdom. As King, he refused to renew the truce with England on 5 May 1224. Instead Louis attacked the possession of the Angevins , invading Gascony, seizing Poitou (in 1224), La Rochelle (August 1224), and Saintonge . To accomplish this task, he treated with Hugh X of Lusignan , promising him the city of Bordeaux if Gascony were conquered. By the end of summer 1224, Louis had conquered Limousin, Perigord, and Quercy . Louis's campaign in 1226 captured numerous cities in Languedoc. By 1226, Louis' lack of military support in Gascony had embittered Hugh X of Lusignan. On 1 November 1223, Louis issued an ordinance that prohibited his officials from recording debts owed to Jews , thus reversing

851-414: The north of Paris, houses the tomb of Louis VIII. His young son, Louis IX (1226–70), succeeded him as king of France. On 23 May 1200, Louis married Blanche of Castile . They had: Louis left the French monarchy in control of Gascony and much of Languedoc. His decision to divert the payment of loans from Jewish moneylenders to lords in authority over them, led to a Parisian financial crisis which

888-516: The policies set by his father Philip II Augustus. This removed any type of assistance for the Jews from the king or barons. Further, Christians would be required to repay only the principal of any loans owed to Jews. This principal would be paid to the king or other lords who had direct authority over the Jews. This caused such a major financial impact on Jewish moneylenders, that in 1225 Louis invited Lombard moneylenders to Paris. In 1223, Louis received

925-422: The title of Duke of Montmorency-Enghien. The title was extinct in 1830 with the House of Bourbon-Condé . Attribution: Louis VIII of France Louis VIII (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226), nicknamed The Lion ( French : Le Lion ), was King of France from 1223 to 1226. As a prince, he invaded England on 21 May 1216 and was excommunicated by a papal legate on 29 May 1216. On 2 June 1216, Louis

962-489: The towns of Béziers, Carcassonne, Beaucaire, and Marseille. However, Avignon resisted, refusing to open its gates to the French troops. Not wanting to storm the city, Louis settled in for a siege. A frontal assault that August was fiercely beaten back. On 9 September 1226, the town surrendered, agreeing to pay 6,000 marks, handing over hostages, and destroying its walls. However, Louis' army took heavy losses besieging Avignon. Finally arriving at Toulouse in October 1226, it

999-499: The way threatening to burn the abbey at St. Albans for the abbot's refusal to recognize him as King of England. After his army was beaten at the Battle of Lincoln on 20 May 1217 and his naval forces were defeated at the Battle of Sandwich on 24 August 1217, Louis was forced to make peace on English terms. The principal provisions of the Treaty of Lambeth were an amnesty for English rebels,

1036-472: Was Aline, a natural daughter of Henry I of England ; his second, Adelaide de Maurienne , widow of Louis VI and mother of Louis VII , and according to Duchesne , he shared the regency of France with Suger , during the absence of the latter king on the Second Crusade . Matthieu II of Montmorency had an important share in the victory of Bouvines (1214). As he captured 12 enemy flags at Bouvines, he

1073-542: Was allowed to command against the Duke of Rohan in Languedoc; in 1630 he defeated the Piedmontese , and captured Carlo Doria , at Avigliana , and took Saluzzo . In the same year he was created marshal . In 1632 he joined the party of Gaston, duke of Orleans , and placed himself at the head of the rebel army, which was defeated by Marshal Henri de Schomberg at Castelnaudary (September 1, 1632); severely wounded, he fell into

1110-563: Was apparent his army was too tired and too weak to attack. Louis chose to return to Paris with the plan to attack Raymond VII of Toulouse next season. While returning to Paris, Louis became ill with dysentery and died on 8 November 1226 in the Château de Montpensier , Auvergne. His disposition, dated June 1225, instructed that his son Louis would succeed him as King, while younger sons were given apanages. Robert received Artois, John Tristan acquired Maine and Anjou, and Alphonse gained Poitou and Auvergne. The Saint Denis Basilica , just to

1147-529: Was averted by the introduction of Lombard moneylenders into Paris. Louis' crusade, which did not start until 1226, against the Cathars was largely successful taking Béziers, Carcassonne, Beaucaire, and Marseille. The costly victory at Avignon, however, rendered his army incapable of taking Toulouse. After his death, his wife, Blanche of Castile continued the crusade resulting in Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse , signing

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1184-453: Was beheaded in 1627. His son, François Henri , marshal of France, became Duke of Piney-Luxemburg by his marriage with Madeleine de Clermont, daughter of Marguerite Charlotte de Luxemburg, Duchesse de Piney. Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency-Luxembourg, son of the marshal, was created Duc de Beaufort in 1688 and Duke of Montmorency in 1689. In 1767 the title of Duke of Beaufort-Montmorency passed by marriage to another branch of

1221-460: Was facing an alliance consisting of King John of England, Emperor Otto IV , Count Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders . Facing a two-front war, the first attack coming from Flanders led by Otto, Renaud and Ferdinand, supported by the Earl of Salisbury would march south-west, while the other attack from Poitou, under John, would march north-east towards Paris. Louis was given command of

1258-548: Was married to Diane , natural daughter of Henry II . Another son, Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), who became duc de Montmorency on his brother's death in 1579, had been governor of Languedoc since 1563. As a leader of the party called the Politiques he took a prominent part in the French Wars of Religion . In 1593 he was made constable, but Henry IV showed some anxiety to keep him away from Languedoc, which he ruled like

1295-523: Was one of the oldest and most distinguished noble families in France . The family name Montmorency derived from their castle in the pays de France , recorded in Latin as Mons Maurentiacus , in 993. Maurentiacus , the name of the area surrounding the castle, meant "estate of Maurentius", probably a Gallo-Roman landowner. The village that grew up in the vicinity of the castle was also known as Montmorency , and

1332-475: Was permitted by the king to display 12 eagles on his coat of arms. He was also made constable in 1218. During the reign of Louis VIII he distinguished himself chiefly in the south of France ( Niort , La Rochelle , Bordeaux ). On the accession of Louis IX , he was one of the chief supports of the queen-regent Blanche of Castile , and was successful in reducing all vassals to obedience. He died in 1230. His younger son, Guy, in right of his mother, became head of

1369-561: Was proclaimed " King of England " by rebellious barons in London , though never crowned. He soon seized half the English kingdom but was eventually defeated by the English. After the Treaty of Lambeth , he was paid 10,000 marks , pledged never to invade England again, and was absolved of his excommunication. As prince and fulfilling his father's crusading vow, Louis led forces during the Albigensian Crusade in support of Simon de Montfort

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