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68-564: Berar Province , also known as the Hyderabad Assigned Districts , was a province of Hyderabad . After 1853, it was administered by the British, although the Nizam retained formal sovereignty over the province. Azam Jah , the eldest son of the 7th Nizam , held the title of Mirza - Baig (" Prince ") of Berar. In 1881, the population of Berar was 2,672,673. The total area of the territory

136-424: A beautiful palace for himself. As his relationship was deteriorating with Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, the commander of the army, Akbar recalled Khan-i-Khanan and sent his trusted friend Abul Fazl to help him. Mirza Murad died in 1598. After his death, Mirza Daniyal was given the charge as governor of Berar, Ahmadnagar , and Khandesh , and Khan-i-Khanan was sent along with Mirza Daniyal. Akbar died in 1605. In 1611,

204-462: A change implemented in the 1880s during the short tenure of Prime Minister Salar Jung II . The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established during his reign to connect Hyderabad State to the rest of British India . It was headquartered at Secunderabad Railway Station . The railway marked the beginning of industry in Hyderabad, and factories were built in Hyderabad city. During his rule,

272-602: A distinctive style. The earliest surviving buildings are purely European, examples being the neoclassical British Residency (1798) and Falaknuma Palace (1893). In the early 20th century, the Osmania General Hospital City College , High Court , and Kacheguda Railway station were designed in the Indo-Saracenic style by Vincent Esch . The Moazzam Jahi Market was also built in a similar style. Various major industries emerged in various parts of

340-508: A powerful army that allowed Hyderabad to become one of the preeminent states in southern India. After his death, the military was crippled by the succession wars of his sons. It was restored under Asaf Jah II (r. 1762–1803) who modernised the army. Notable units during his reign included British -trained battalions, the French-trained Corps Français de Raymond which was led by Michel Joachim Marie Raymond and fought under

408-518: A resolution calling for responsible government. Soon afterwards, it split along the moderate–extremist lines. The Andhra Mahasabha's move towards politics also inspired similar movements in Marathwada and Karnataka in 1937, giving rise to the Maharashtra Parishad and Karnataka Parishad respectively. Hyderabad's first ruler, Asaf Jah I (r. 1724–1748) was a talented commander and assembled

476-763: Is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security". On 4 September the Prime Minister of Hyderabad Mir Laiq Ali announced to the Hyderabad Assembly that a delegation was about to leave for Lake Success , headed by Moin Nawaz Jung . The Nizam also appealed, without success, to the British Labour Government and to the King for assistance, to fulfil their obligations and promises to Hyderabad by "immediate intervention". Hyderabad only had

544-645: The Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah established the independent line of the Nizams of Hyderabad , and thenceforth the latter claimed to be de jure sovereigns of Berar, with exception of certain districts (Mehkar, Pusad, etc.) ceded to the Maratha Peshwa in 1760 and 1795. The claim was contested by the Maratha Bhonsla rajas of Nagpur , and for more than half a century the country was devastated by wars between

612-494: The 1952 Legislative Assembly election , Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief Minister of Hyderabad State. During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement 'Mulki-rules' (local jobs for locals only), which was part of Hyderabad state law since 1919. In 1956 during the reorganisation of the Indian States based along linguistic lines,

680-660: The Central Provinces and Berar . Berar became known as Berar Division . In 1853, after the administration of the province was assigned to the British East India Company by the Nizam following a treaty, it was divided into two districts, South Berar with its headquarters at Hingoli , and North Berar with its headquarters at Buldana . Both were placed under a deputy commissioner. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Hingoli and its adjoining areas were restored to

748-606: The French Tricolour , and the Victorious Battalion, an elite infantry unit entirely composed of women. The coat of arms features the full titles of the Nizam at the bottom, and a dastar Under the leadership of Asaf Jah V the state changed its traditional heraldic flag. The Asafia flag of Hyderabad. The script along the top reads Al Azmatulillah meaning "All greatness is for God". The bottom script reads Ya Uthman which translates to "Oh Osman ". The writing in

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816-463: The Great Musi Flood of 1908 struck the city of Hyderabad, which killed an estimated 50,000 people. The Nizam opened all his palaces for public asylum. He also abolished Sati where women used to jump into their husband's burning pyre, by issuing a royal firman . The last Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan ruled the state from 1911 until 1948. He was given the title "Faithful Ally of

884-575: The Partition of India , Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with the new dominion of India , continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian Union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage led to India's annexation of the state in 1948. Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan , the seventh Nizam, signed an instrument of accession , joining India. Hyderabad State

952-642: The Vidarbha region of Maharashtra . Before the Mughal occupation, Berar was a part of the Nizam Shahi Sultanate of Ahmadnagar. It was ceded to Emperor Akbar by Chand Bibi in 1596, who was unable to stand against the imperial forces led by Prince Mirza Murad. After this initial victory, Prince Mirza Murad settled in Berar, with Balapur as his headquarters. Near Balapur, he founded a new city named Shahpur and constructed

1020-533: The 1941 Hyderabad State Census, 2,187,005 people spoke Urdu , 7,529,229 people spoke Telugu , 3,947,089 people spoke Marathi , 1,724,180 people spoke Kanarese ( Kannada ) as native languages. The Hyderabadi Muslim population, including the ruling Asaf Jahi dynasty numbered around 2,097,475 people, while Hindus numbered around 9,171,318 people. The architecture of Hyderabad State is very cosmopolitan, and heavily influenced by European and Islamic styles. The Nizam's palaces and several public buildings were built in

1088-629: The Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan , and became the state's Chief Minister . In 2013 again, she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumping win in the state of Rajasthan, winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections. Her other daughter, Yashodhara Raje Scindia , contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998, 2003 and 2013 and also lok sabha 2004, 2009 from Gwalior. Upon

1156-661: The British Empire". The Nizam also established Hyderabad State Bank . Hyderabad was the only independent state in Indian subcontinent that had its currency, the Hyderabadi rupee . The Begumpet Airport was established in the 1930s with formation of Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam. Initially, it was used as a domestic and international airport for Nizam's Deccan Airways , the earliest airline in British India. The terminal building

1224-478: The British government for the purposes specified in the treaty of 1853. After 1865, the American Civil War gave an immense stimulus to Berar's cotton trade, as did the laying of a railway line across the province. Building Berar's prosperity on cotton, however, came with a price. During the famine of 1900, for example, nearly 8.5% of the population died, "with the greatest number of deaths", according to

1292-399: The British were ceded to the British to meet the cost of maintaining the British soldiers. In 1798, Nizam ʿĀlī Khan (Asaf Jah II ) was forced to enter into an agreement that put Hyderabad under British protection. He was the first Indian prince to sign such an agreement. (Consequently, the ruler of Hyderabad rated a 23-gun salute during the period of British India .) The Crown retained

1360-514: The Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat . Jiwajirao Scindia served as the state's rajpramukh , or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh . In 1962, Vijayraje Scindia , the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the Lok Sabha , beginning

1428-491: The Hyderabad contingent was to be maintained by the British government, while the pay of this force and in satisfaction of other claims, certain districts were assigned to the British East India Company . It was these "Hyderabad Assigned Districts" that were popularly supposed to form the province of Berar. In 1860, by a new treaty modified in Nizam's favour of 1853, it was agreed that Berar should be held in trust by

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1496-506: The Judicial, Revenue, Police, and Miscellaneous Departments. Later on, Asaf Jah VI succeeded the position. Asaf Jah VI Mir Mahbub Ali Khan became the Nizam at the age of three years. His regents were Salar Jung I and Shams-ul-Umra III and later on Asman Jah and Viqar-ul-Umra . He assumed full rule at the age of 17 and ruled until he died in 1911. His reign saw the official language of Hyderabad State shift from Persian to Urdu,

1564-517: The Mughal sway. In 1636, the Mughal possessions in Dakhin (Deccan) were divided into 4 Subahs. Berar Subah was one of them, with Ellichpur as its capital, and Gavilgad as its main fort. Aurangzeb was appointed Viceroy of the four Deccan Subahs for the first time, and he occupied the post for eight years (till 1644). He was again appointed viceroy for the second time in 1653, and he remained in that post till 1657 [3] . During Aurangzeb's reign, Mirza Azam

1632-635: The Mughals, and had founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty . Following the decline of the Mughal power, the region of Deccan saw the rise of the Maratha Empire . The Nizam himself saw many invasions by the Marathas in the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular Chauth (tax) to the Marathas. The major battles fought between the Marathas and the Nizam include Palkhed , Rakshasbhuvan , and Kharda . Following

1700-423: The Nizam and the province was reconstituted into two districts, East Berar with its headquarters at Amraoti , and West Berar with its headquarters at Akola . In 1864, East Berar was divided into two districts: Amraoti and Southeast Berar (which was first renamed as Wun district and then in 1905, Yeotmal district), with headquarters at Yeotmal . In 1867, Ellichpur District was also carved out of Amraoti. In 1864,

1768-539: The Nizam, remarked that his stake in the English state sums up to 36% of the total amount. For claiming the total share of £35 million, Nizam's great-grandson, Himayat Ali Mirza, reached the London High Court. Up to 1920, there was no political organisation of any kind in Hyderabad. In that year, following British pressure, the Nizam issued a firman appointing a special officer to investigate constitutional reforms. It

1836-678: The Nizam, together with some tracts about Sindkhed and Jalna, which had been held by Sindhia . The treaty of 1822 extinguished Maratha's right to levy tribute ( chauth ), the Wardha River was fixed as the eastern boundary of Berar, the Melghat and adjoining districts in the plains being assigned to the Nizam, in exchange for the districts east of the Wardha held by the Peshwa. When Berar was no longer protected by its Maratha taskmasters, it remained long prey to

1904-614: The Pawar (Puar) brothers, Pilaji Jadhav, Fateh Singh Bhosale and of course, Ranoji. None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary Deshmukhi rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates. The Shindes or Scindias had served as shiledars (cavalrymen) under the Bahmani Sultanate and played an important role in the state of affairs and held Patilki of Kumberkerrab. There are otherwise several anecdotes about

1972-548: The State of Hyderabad before its incorporation into the Union of India, especially during the first half of the twentieth century. Hyderabad city had a separate power plant for electricity. However, the Nizams focused on industrial development in the region of Sanathnagar , housing several industries there with transportation facilities by both road and rail. Sindhia The Scindia dynasty

2040-760: The Sultanate in Turkey and Gandhi's suspension of the Non-co-operation movement in British India ended this period of cooperation. An organisation called Andhra Jana Sangham (later renamed Andhra Mahasabha ) was formed in November 1921 and focused on educating the masses of Telangana in political awareness. With leading members such as Madapati Hanumantha Rao , Burgula Ramakrishna Rao and M. Narsing Rao, its activities included urging merchants to resist offering freebies to government officials and encouraging labourers to resist

2108-529: The conquest of Deccan by Bajirao I and the imposition of Chauth by him, Nizam remained a tributary of the Marathas for all intent and purposes. In 1763, the Nizam shifted the capital to the city of Hyderabad . From 1778, a British resident and soldiers were installed in his dominions. In 1795, the Nizam lost some of his territories to the Marathas . The territorial gains of the Nizam from Mysore as an ally of

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2176-525: The empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao. The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to

2244-633: The family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the Congress Party , and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Jansangh Party, he joined Congress in 1980 and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia , joined the Congress Party and was elected to

2312-470: The first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement. During the British rule in 1901, the state had a revenue of ₹ 4,17,00,000. The native inhabitants of Hyderabad State, regardless of ethnic origin, are called "Mulki" (countryman), a term still used today. The dynasty declared itself an independent monarchy during the final years of the British Raj . After

2380-418: The historian Sven Beckert, "occurring in districts most specialized in cotton production". Through an agreement signed on 5 November 1902, 6th Nizam Nawab Mir Mahbub Ali Khan leased Berar permanently to the British against an annual payment of 25 lakhs Rupees. Lord Curzon decided to merge Berar with the Central Provinces , and this was proclaimed on 17 September 1903. Thus the Central Provinces and Berar

2448-551: The local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one or the other or to remain independent. On 11 June 1947, the Nizam issued a declaration to the effect that he had decided not to participate in the Constituent Assembly of either Pakistan or India. However, the Nizams were Muslim ruling over a predominantly Hindu population. India insisted that the great majority of residents wanted to join India. The Nizam

2516-737: The members of the Nizam's Executive Council. Hindus and Muslims united in protesting against the practice which robbed the locals of government employment. The movement, however, fizzled out after the Hindu members raised the issue of 'responsible government', which was of no interest to the Muslim members and led to their resignation. Various properties and wealth owned by the Nizam as part of Hyderabad State are now succeeded by his descendants, including his grandsons Prince Mukarram Jah, Prince Mufakkam Jah & Prince Shahmat Jah and his great-grandson Himayat Ali Mirza among others. Himayat Ali Mirza, great-grandson of

2584-708: The middle reads "Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah" The stamps of the Hyderabad State featured the Golconda Fort , Ajanta Caves , and the Charminar . Mulkis or Mulkhis , are the native inhabitants of the erstwhile Hyderabad State, regardless of ethnic differences. The term was popularly used during the 1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana) , which saw protests demanding job reservations for Mulki people, and demanding non-Mulkis to leave. Languages in Hyderabad State As per

2652-573: The origin of the Scindhias (Shindes), especially those recorded by Sir John Malcolm . Stewart Gordon states the cultivator, etc. origin of other Marathas . The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia , who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the Patil of Kanherkhed , a village in Satara District , Maharashtra . Peshwa Baji Rao 's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha Empire . Ranoji

2720-402: The right to intervene in case of misrule. Hyderabad under Asaf Jah II was a British ally in the second and third Maratha Wars (1803–05, 1817–19), Anglo-Mysore wars , and would remain loyal to the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (1857–58). His son, Asaf Jah III Mir Akbar Ali Khan (known as Sikandar Jah ) ruled from 1803 to 1829. During his rule, a British cantonment

2788-467: The seat formerly held by his father in 2004. He later joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 11 March 2020. Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party . Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan . Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led

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2856-500: The southern provinces of Ahmadnagar, Berar, and Khandesh defied Mughal sovereignty under Malik Ambar. Jahangir sent Man Singh and others to crush the revolt. Man Singh died a natural death on 6 July 1614 at Ellichpur. During Jahangir's rule, Malik Ambar , till his death in 1626, recovered a substantial part of the Deccan from the Mughals including Berar. In 1628, the first year of the reign of Shah Jahan (Mirza Khurram), Berar again came under

2924-479: The state of Hyderabad into the Union of India and ended the rule of the Nizams. After the incorporation of Hyderabad State into India, M. K. Vellodi was appointed as Chief Minister of the state and Mir Osman Ali Khan became the Rajpramukh on 26 January 1950. He was a Senior Civil servant in the Government of India. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state . In

2992-492: The state of Hyderabad was split up among Andhra Pradesh and Bombay state (later Maharashtra ) and Karnataka . On 2 June 2014, the state of Telangana was formed splitting from the rest of Andhra Pradesh state and formed the 29th state of India, with Hyderabad as its capital. Wilfred Cantwell Smith states that Hyderabad was an area where the political and social structure from medieval Muslim rule had been preserved more or less intact into modern times. The last Nizam

3060-584: The state. The lower-level government employees were also predominantly Muslim. Effectively, the Muslims of Hyderabad represented an 'upper caste' of the social structure. All power was vested in the Nizam. He ruled with the help of an Executive Council or Cabinet, established in 1893, whose members he was free to appoint and dismiss. The government of the Nizam recruited heavily from the North Indian Hindu Kayastha caste for administrative posts. There

3128-734: The support of Winston Churchill and the British Conservatives . At 4 a.m. on 13 September 1948, India's Hyderabad Campaign, code-named " Operation Polo " by the Indian Army , began. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad from all points of the compass. On 13 September 1948, the Secretary-General of the Hyderabad Department of External Affairs in a cablegram informed the United Nations Security Council that Hyderabad

3196-441: The system of begar (free labour requested at the behest of state). Alarmed by its activities, the Nizam passed a powerful gagging order in 1929, requiring all public meetings to obtain prior permission. But the organisation persisted by mobilising on social issues such as the protection of ryots , women's rights, abolition of the devadasi system and purdah , uplifting of Dalits etc. It turned to politics again in 1937, passing

3264-550: The talukas of Malkapur, Chikhli, and Mehkar were separated from the West Berar District, and a new district, Southwest Berar District, was formed, which was renamed Mehkar District in 1865. In 1867, Buldana was selected as the district's headquarters, and later the district was renamed as Buldana district. In 1868, Basim district was formed. Berar consisted of one Division with a Commissioner and six districts viz. Amraoti, Ellichpur, Wun, Akola, Buldana, and Basim in 1905. It

3332-543: The terms of a subsidiary alliance with the British, the family shifted their base from Ujjain to Gwalior . After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Shinde was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British-occupied India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled

3400-404: The turbulent elements let loose by the sudden cessation of the wars. From time to time bands of soldiers, whom the government was powerless to control, scoured the country, and rebellion upon rebellion till 1859, when the last fight against open rebels took place at Chichamba near Risod . At last, the British government intervened, and in 1853, a new treaty was signed with the Nizam , under which

3468-401: The two countries had expressly provided that nothing in it should give India the right to send in troops to assist in the maintenance of internal order. At 5 p.m. on 17 September, the Nizam's army surrendered. The Government of Hyderabad resigned, and military governors and chief ministers were appointed by the Nizam at India's direction. On 26 January 1950, India formally incorporated

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3536-620: The two. This condition of things was ended by Wellesley's victories at Assaye and Argaon (1803), which forced the Bhonsla raja to cede his territories south of Gawilgarh and Narnala Fort and east of the Wardha River . The forts of Gavilgad and Narnala remained subject to the Bhosale raja of Nagpur. By the partition treaty of Hyderabad (1804) between Nizam and the British, these ceded territories in Berar were transferred in perpetual sovereignty to

3604-407: Was 29,340 square kilometres (11,330 sq mi). After 1 October 1903, the administration of the province was placed under the Commissioner-General for the Central Provinces , as the Berar Division . In 1936, the territory was renamed as the Central Provinces and Berar , and its legislative assembly was established. The successor to Berar, with changed boundaries, is Amravati Division in

3672-434: Was a princely state in the Deccan region of south-central India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad . It is now divided into the present-day state of Telangana , the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka , and the Marathwada region of Maharashtra in India. The state was ruled from 1724 to 1948 by the Nizam , who was initially a viceroy of the Mughal empire in the Deccan . Hyderabad gradually became

3740-460: Was also an Assembly, whose role was mostly advisory. More than half of its members were appointed by the Nizam and the rest were elected from a carefully limited franchise. There were representatives of Hindus, Parsis , Christians and Depressed Classes in the Assembly. Their influence was however limited due to their small numbers. The state government also had a large number of outsiders (called non-mulkhis ) – 46,800 of them in 1933, including all

3808-462: Was appointed at Berar, and then Amir Qamaruddin Nizam (I) became the Viceroy of Berar. Berar was successively overrun by the Mughals after the Mughals appointed the Maratha Senapati Sawai Shri Shriman Santaji Bhonsle Seena Sahib-e-Subah because Santaji was the father-in-law of Mirza Bedarbakht, son of Mirza Azam, and grandson of Aurangzeb. In 1720, Maratha Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath had the right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from Berar. In 1724,

3876-402: Was being invaded by Indian forces and that hostilities had broken out. The Security Council took notice of it on 16 September in Paris. The representative of Hyderabad called for immediate action by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. The Hyderabad representative responded to India's excuse for the intervention by pointing out that the Stand-still Agreement between

3944-405: Was born by a Residency Order, dated 30 September 1903, and the administration of Berar was placed under the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces. On 1 October 1903, Berar was placed under the administration of the British Commissioner–General of the Central Provinces. In 1936, with the establishment of the legislative assembly of the "Central Provinces and Berar", the territory was renamed as

4012-452: Was built in Hyderabad and the area was named in his honour, Secunderabad . The British Residency at Koti was also built during his reign by the then British Resident James Achilles Kirkpatrick . Sikander Jah was succeeded by Asaf Jah IV , who ruled from 1829 to 1857 and was succeeded by his son Asaf Jah V . Asaf Jah V 's reign from 1857 to 1869 was marked by reforms by his Prime Minister Salar Jung I . Before this time, there

4080-422: Was created in 1937. To prevent another great flood , the Nizam also constructed two lakes, namely the Osman Sagar and Himayath Sagar . The Osmania General Hospital , Jubilee Hall , State Library (then known as Asifia Kutubkhana ) and Public Gardens (then known as Bagh e Aam ) were constructed during this period. In 1947 India gained independence and Pakistan came into existence. The British left

4148-430: Was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan who was the governor of Deccan under the Mughals from 1713 to 1721. In 1724, he resumed rule from the Mughal provincial capital of Aurangabad, under the title of Asaf Jah (granted by Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah ). His other title, Nizam ul-Mulk (Order of the Realm), became the title of his position "Nizam of Hyderabad". By the end of his rule, the Nizam had become independent from

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4216-514: Was founded by Ranoji Scindia , a personal servant and soldier of Peshwa Bajirao I . Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty. This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi , Khanderao Dabhade and Kanhoji Bhosle.This led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops, talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Malhar Rao Holkar ,

4284-416: Was in a weak position as his army numbered only 24,000 men, of whom only some 6,000 were fully trained and equipped. On 21 August 1948, the Secretary-General of the Hyderabad Department of External Affairs requested the President of the United Nations Security Council, under Article 35(2) of the United Nations Charter , to consider the "grave dispute, which, unless settled by international law and justice,

4352-466: Was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia .The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century, and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars .They held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered north India. In 1818, after accepting

4420-519: Was no regular or systematic form of administration, and the duties were in the hands of the Diwan (Prime Minister), and corruption was thus widespread. In 1867, the State was divided into five divisions and seventeen districts, and subedars (governors) were appointed for the five Divisions and talukdars and tehsildars for the districts. The judicial, public works, medical, educational, municipal, and police departments were re-organised. In 1868, sadr-i-mahrams (Assistant Ministers) were appointed for

4488-441: Was rearranged into four Amraoti, Yeotmal, Akola, and Buldana districts. In 1869, municipal administrations were introduced at Amraoti, Akola , Ellichpur, Basim, Yavatmal, and Khamgaon. Later, Shegaon (1881), Akot (1884), and by 1904, four more, became municipal towns. 20°55′N 77°45′E  /  20.917°N 77.750°E  / 20.917; 77.750 Hyderabad State Hyderabad State ( pronunciation )

4556-496: Was reputed to be the wealthiest man in the world. He was supported by an aristocracy of 1,100 feudal lords who owned a further 30% of the state's land, with some 4 million tenant farmers. The state also owned 50% or more of the capital in all the major enterprises, allowing the Nizam to earn further profits and control their affairs. Next in the social structure were the administrative and official classes, comprising about 1,500 officials. A number of them were recruited from outside

4624-461: Was welcomed enthusiastically by a section of the populace, who formed the Hyderabad State Reforms Association. However, the Nizam and the Special Officer ignored all their demands for consultation. Meanwhile, the Nizam banned the Khilafat movement in the State as well as all political meetings and the entry of "political outsiders". Nevertheless, some political activity did take place and witnessed cooperation between Hindus and Muslims. The abolition of

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