Misplaced Pages

#103896

102-478: Paula Ben-Gurion died on January 29, 1968, about six years before her husband's death. Upon her death, Ben-Gurion was required to choose a site for her burial and his own burial when his day came. He chose a plot south of the library building of Midrash Sde Boker, located a few kilometers south of Kibbutz Sde Boker where he lived with his wife. On January 30, Paula Ben-Gurion's funeral was held there. In this choice, Ben-Gurion waived his right to be buried with his wife in

204-712: A 'buffer zone' there (Art 6). However, Israel later decided to leave the border area, which is now controlled by Egypt and the Palestinians, through the PNA . Israel will continue to control Gaza's coastline and airspace and reserves the right to undertake military operations when necessary. (Art 3.1). Egypt will control Gaza's Egyptian border. Israel will continue to provide Gaza with water, communication, electricity, and sewage networks. The agreements brokered, according to Condoleezza Rice , proposed that Palestinians have control over exits and entrances, trucks and buses move between Gaza and

306-477: A Gaza checkpoint, and in Neve Dekalim , a group of fifteen American Orthodox Jews barricaded themselves in a basement and threatened to light themselves on fire. Kfar Darom was next evacuated. Residents and their supporters strung up barbed wire fences around the area, and security forces cut their way in. Some 300 settlers barricaded themselves in the local synagogue, while another group barricaded themselves on

408-465: A Palestinian state. Additionally, demographic concerns played a role. According to Shlaim, the higher Palestinian birth rate posed a "demographic time bomb," threatening the Jewish majority in areas claimed by Israel. By withdrawing from Gaza, Israel effectively removed 1.4 million Palestinians from its demographic considerations. Shlaim writes that although Sharon stated the move was a contribution to peace, it

510-722: A binational Jewish-Arab Palestine. calling for an armed struggle against the British instead. In the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured the Golan Heights , the West Bank , the Sinai Peninsula , and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip . This victory resulted in the revival of " territorial maximalism ", with aspirations to annex and settle these new territories. leading some Israeli political leaders to argue for

612-635: A deal with the Labor Party to form a coalition, with Shimon Peres becoming Vice Premier , restoring the government's majority in the Knesset. On February 16, 2005, the Knesset finalized and approved the plan with 59 in favor, 40 opposed, 5 abstaining. A proposed amendment to submit the plan to a referendum was rejected, 29–72. On March 17, the Southern Command of the Israel Defense Forces issued

714-513: A fight against occupation to a fight for "one-man-one-vote". However, according to Olmert, for Israelis, it would signify the end of the Jewish state. The parameters of a unilateral solution as described by Olmert would be to maximize the Jewish population, minimize the Palestinian population, avoid withdrawing to the 1967 border, and not divide Jerusalem. He recalled that Moshe Dayan had proposed unilateral autonomy 23 years ago. Similarly, he expressed

816-939: A foundation. Meanwhile, on August 14, Aryeh Yitzhaki  [ he ] proclaimed the independence of Shirat HaYam as "The Independent Jewish Authority in Gaza Beach", and submitted appeals for recognition to the United Nations and Red Cross . On August 15, the evacuation commenced under the orders of Maj. Gen. Dan Harel of the Southern Command . At 8 a.m., a convoy of security forces entered Neve Dekalim and began evacuating residents. Many settlers chose to leave peacefully, others were forcibly evicted, and some attempted to block buses and clashed with security forces. The evacuations of six settlements then commenced as 14,000 Israeli soldiers and police officers forcibly evicted settlers and "mistanenim" (infiltrators). They went house to house, ordering settlers to leave and breaking down

918-625: A growing political challenger to Britain, was therefore an ally. Ze'ev Jabotinsky was a secular Zionist and an extremist nationalist. He was exiled from the British Mandate for supporting armed struggle against the British. In 1923, Jabotinsky established the Revisionist Zionist youth movement Betar at a meeting in Riga , Latvia. 2 years later in 1925, the Revisionist "Hatzohar" Party

1020-544: A huge base for terror. On August 15, Sharon said that, while he had hoped Israel could keep the Gaza settlements forever, reality simply intervened. "It is out of strength and not weakness that we are taking this step", repeating his argument that the disengagement plan has given Israel the diplomatic initiative. On August 31, the Knesset voted to withdraw from the Gaza–Egypt border and allow Egyptian deployment of border police along

1122-570: A means of isolating Gaza and avoiding international pressure on Israel to reach a political settlement with the Palestinians. The disengagement plan was implemented in August 2005 and completed in September 2005. Israeli security forces, over a period of several days, evicted settlers who refused to accept government compensation packages and voluntarily vacate their homes prior to the August 15, 2005 deadline. The eviction of all Israeli residents, demolition of

SECTION 10

#1732855716104

1224-467: A military order prohibiting Israeli citizens not living in the Gaza Strip settlements from taking up residence there. On March 28, the Knesset again rejected a bill to delay the implementation of the disengagement plan by a vote of 72 to 39. The bill was introduced by a group of Likud MKs who wanted to force a referendum on the issue. On August 7, Netanyahu resigned just before the cabinet ratification of

1326-485: A million Palestinians live there and double their number with each generation." At the same time, Shimon Peres , then Vice Prime Minister , stated in an interview that: "We are disengaging from Gaza because of demography". Continued control of Gaza was considered to pose an impossible dilemma with respect to Israel's ability to be a Jewish and democratic state in all the territories it controls. Failing to gain public support from senior ministers, Sharon agreed that

1428-499: A national referendum on the plan within fourteen days. On November 9, Netanyahu withdrew his resignation threat, saying "In this new situation [the death of Yasser Arafat ], I decided to stay in the government". Following the vote fourteen days earlier, and Sharon's subsequent refusal to budge on the referendum issue, the three other cabinet ministers from the Likud party backed down from their threat within days. On December 30, Sharon made

1530-587: A national referendum to prove that he had a mandate, which he refused to do. On September 14, the Israeli cabinet approved, by a 9–1 majority, plans to compensate settlers who left the Gaza Strip, with only the NRP's Zevulun Orlev opposing. The government's plan for compensation used a formula that based actual amounts on location, house size, and number of family members among other factors. Most families were expected to receive between US$ 200,000 and 300,000. On October 11, at

1632-531: A “majority of academic commentators” regard the Gaza Strip to still be under military occupation by Israel . The International Court of Justice (ICJ) reaffirmed this position on the basis of Israel's continued control of the Gaza Strip. The 2024 ICJ advisory opinion, Article 42 of the Hague Relations and precedent in international law maintain that a territory remains occupied so long as an army could reestablish physical control at any time. Israel occupied

1734-453: Is covered with vegetation. A winding path leads from the parking lot at the entrance to the garden to the burial ground located in the southeastern part of the garden. Stepped stone slabs and rocks placed on both sides of the path and next to them vegetation and trees give it the appearance of a river channel. The tombstones of the Ben-Gurion couple are located in the heart of the square and on

1836-483: Is led by Benjamin Netanyahu . Several journalists and human rights groups such as B'Tselem , Amnesty International , and Human Rights Watch claim that the ideology advocated by the Israeli far-right are fascist and racist towards Palestinians , Arab citizens of Israel and immigrants. They see it as a danger to democracy, and claim that it uses violence and encourages violation of human rights. President of

1938-431: Is only one answer: separation, Jews in their land, Arabs in theirs. Separation. Only separation." One bill which he proposed required the imposition of a mandatory death penalty on any non-Jew who either harmed or attempted to harm a Jew, as well as the automatic deportation of the perpetrator's family and the perpetrator's neighbors from Israel and the West Bank . The Supreme of Israel struck down his initiatives, on

2040-486: Is the fate of Tel Aviv." Many on both sides remained skeptical of his will to withdraw beyond Gaza and the northern West Bank. Sharon had a majority for the plan in the government but not within his party. This forced him to seek a National Unity government, which was established in January 2005. Opponents of the plan, and some ministers, such as Benjamin Netanyahu and former minister Natan Sharansky , called on Sharon to hold

2142-627: Is the third holiest site in Islam and a Palestinian national symbol. In 2023 and 2024, National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir initiated at least four marches to the Al-Aqsa compound in East Jerusalem , each of up to a thousand ultra nationalist Israeli settlers . During the visits, Ben Gvir stated that his he intends to convey a political message. The Palestinian Authority 's spokesman, Nabil Abu Rudeineh , described his visits as "blatant attacks" on

SECTION 20

#1732855716104

2244-573: The 1984 Israeli legislative election . Shortly after Meir Kahane was sworn in as a member of the Knesset, he made his first media-oriented provocation by announcing his plan to open an emigration office in the Arab village of Umm al-Fahm . He stated that his plan was to offer residents of the village financial incentives to leave their homes and the country. The town declared a general strike shortly after, and roughly 30,000 people, including liberal Jews, arrived at Umm-al-Fahm to prevent Kahane from entering

2346-583: The 1999 elections , the party joined the National Union alliance alongside Herut – The National Movement and Tkuma . The alliance joined the government formed by Ariel Sharon on 7 March 2001 after he won the election for Prime Minister , and Ze'evi was appointed Minister of Tourism. However, Ze'evi was assassinated by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) on 17 October 2001. Prior to

2448-594: The 2006 elections , the National Union formed an alliance with the National Religious Party . In the lead up to the 2013 elections , Tkuma merged with the Jewish Home. Defunct Defunct Otzma Yehudit was founded in 2012 by Michael Ben-Ari , a former member of Kach. In the 2021 Israeli legislative election , Itamar Ben-Gvir , a follower of Kach , was elected to the Knesset as a representative of

2550-579: The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry , the 1946 Zionist Congress and the Jewish Agency . Albert Einstein , in a letter to The New York Times in 1948, compared Irgun and its successor Herut party to "Nazi and Fascist parties" and described it as a "terrorist, right wing, chauvinist organization". The White Paper's publication also intensified the conflict between the Zionist militias and

2652-601: The Cave of the Patriarchs , Israel designated Kach , for which Goldstein previously stood as a Knesset Candidate, as a terror organization. The far-right in Israel opposed the Oslo Accords , with Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin being assassinated in 1995 by a right-wing Israeli extremist for signing them. Yigal Amir , Rabin's assassin, had opposed Rabin's peace process , particularly

2754-617: The Deir Yassin massacre that killed at least 107 Palestinian Arab villagers, including women and children, carried out together with Lehi on 9 April 1948. The organization committed acts of terrorism against Palestinian Arabs, as well as against the British authorities, who were regarded as illegal occupiers. In particular the Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by the United Nations , British, and United States governments; in media such as The New York Times newspaper; as well as by

2856-483: The Israeli-occupied West Bank , leaving one civilian dead and 100 other Palestinians injured, four critically, and the town ablaze. It was the worst attack stemming from Israeli settler violence in the northern West Bank in decades. Israeli soldiers were in the area while the rampage by the settlers unfolded and did not intervene. The rampage was called a pogrom by an Israeli commander in charge of

2958-542: The Likud party would hold a referendum on the plan in advance of a vote by the Israeli Cabinet . The referendum was held on May 2, 2004, and ended with 65% of the voters against the disengagement plan, despite some polls showing approximately 55% of Likud members supporting the plan before the referendum. Commentators and the press described the rejection of the plan as a blow to Sharon. Sharon himself announced that he accepted

3060-509: The National Union ministers and cabinet members Avigdor Liberman and Binyamin Elon were dismissed from the cabinet, and a compromise offer by Likud's cabinet member Tzipi Livni was achieved. Following the approval of the plan, it was decided to close the Erez industrial zone and move its factories to cities and towns in Israel such as Ashkelon , Dimona , Yeruham , and Sderot . Ehud Olmert , then

3162-568: The Otzma Yehudit party. Since 2022, Ben-Gvir has served as a Minister of National Security, and the party presently holds six seats in the Knesset . Lehava , one of the largest far-right organizations in Israel, advocates for the segregation and oppression of Palestinians. It has also been involved in acts of violence against Palestinians, LGBT individuals, and Christians. Both the United States and

Ben-Gurion Tomb National Park - Misplaced Pages Continue

3264-664: The Palestinian Authority . Despite the disengagement, the Gaza Strip is still considered to be occupied under international law . The disengagement was proposed in 2003 by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon , adopted by the government in June 2004, and approved by the Knesset in February 2005 as the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law . The motivation behind the disengagement was described by Sharon's top aide as

3366-480: The Palestinian Authority . The Second Intifada broke out, and peace process negotiations halted. Historian Avi Shlaim writes that persistent attacks by Hamas on Israeli settlers and soldiers increased the costs of maintaining a presence in Gaza, making it unsustainable. Shlaim says that the withdrawal aimed to undermine the Oslo peace process by freezing the political process and indefinitely delaying discussions about

3468-636: The West Bank is also common among far-right extremist groups, such as the Hilltop Youth . Jewish extremist terrorism was carried out by extremists within Judaism, including the assassination of Palestinian mayors by the Jewish Underground group, the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre , the murder of the boy Mohammed Abu Khdeir , and the Duma arson attack . Further, " price tag attacks " have been committed in

3570-520: The Al-Aqsa Mosque, while Jordan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs described them as "a provocative step that is condemned, and a dangerous and unacceptable escalation". On 26 February 2023, in retaliation for the shooting of two Israeli settlers earlier the same day by an unidentified attacker, hundreds of Israeli settlers went on a violent late-night rampage in Huwara and other Palestinian villages in

3672-563: The Arab village Biyar 'Adas , forced their way into 2 houses, and shot 5 Arab civilians to death. The Lehi , also known as the Stern Gang , was a Revisionist Zionist militant group, founded by Avraham Stern in Mandatory Palestine in 1940. The group split from the Irgun , and sought a similar alliance with Fascist Italy . Lehi also believed that Nazi Germany was less of an enemy of

3774-676: The British Army; a Jewish general strike was called, attacks were launched against Arabs and British police, telephone services and power lines were sabotaged, and violent speeches of protest were held for several months. A week after the publication of the White Paper of 1939 , the Irgun planted an explosive device in the Rex cinema in Jerusalem, injuring 18 people, including 13 Arabs and 3 British police officers. On that same day, 25 Irgun members attacked

3876-647: The Gaza Strip during the Six Day War , capturing it from Egypt along with the Sinai peninsula. In 1970, the first Israeli settlement was built. In 1993, as part of the Oslo Accords , the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel agreed to an outline for Palestinians to self-govern in the Palestinian territories . In 1994, Israel withdrew from Gaza City and Jericho , giving civilian and city functions to

3978-445: The Israeli residential buildings and evacuation of associated security personnel from the Gaza Strip was completed by September 12, 2005. The eviction and dismantlement of the four settlements in the northern West Bank was completed ten days later. Over 8,000 Jewish settlers from the 21 settlements in the Gaza Strip were relocated. Palestinians celebrated amid skepticism that the withdrawal would take place. Israeli polls on support for

4080-653: The Jews than Britain was, and attempted to form an alliance with the Nazis, proposing a Jewish state based on "nationalist and totalitarian principles, and linked to the German Reich by an alliance". Avraham Stern , then commander of the Lehi, objected to the White Paper of 1939 , British plans to restrict Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchase in Palestine , and proposed the creation of

4182-506: The Kissufim crossing was shut down, and the Gaza Strip became officially closed for entrance by Israelis. The evacuation by agreement continued after midnight of the August 17 for settlers who requested a time extension for packing their things. The Gush Katif Municipal Council threatened to unilaterally declare independence, citing the Gaza Strip 's internationally disputed status and Halacha as

Ben-Gurion Tomb National Park - Misplaced Pages Continue

4284-467: The Knesset are able to stop this evil. Everything that the Knesset has decided, it is also capable of changing. I am calling on all those who grasp the danger: Gather strength and do the right thing. I don't know if the entire move can be stopped, but it still might be stopped in its initial stages. [Don't] give [the Palestinians] guns, don't give them rockets, don't give them a sea port, and don't give them

4386-455: The Land of Israel. The burial square is surrounded by stepped rock slabs that are also seats for the audience as well as a low stone fence on the southern edge. It looks south to the deep channel of Nahal Tzin and the desert landscape beyond it. During the annual memorial day for David Ben-Gurion, starting on Friday in or near Kislu, the state memorial ceremony for Ben-Gurion and his wife was held in

4488-408: The Likud referendum results and would take time to consider his steps. He ordered Minister of Defense Shaul Mofaz to create an amended plan which Likud voters could accept. On June 6, 2004, Sharon's government approved an amended disengagement plan, but with the reservation that the dismantling of each settlement should be voted separately. The plan was approved with a 14–7 majority but only after

4590-549: The Minister of Industry, Trade, and Labor, stated that the closing was part of Israel's plan to withdraw from the Gaza Strip. As a result of the passing of the plan (in principle), two National Religious Party (NRP) ministers, Effi Eitam and Yitzhak Levi , resigned, leaving the government with a minority in the Knesset . Later, the entire faction quit after their calls to hold a national referendum were ignored. Sharon's pushing through this plan alienated many of his supporters on

4692-583: The United Kingdom have imposed sanctions on Lehava. Noam is a far-right Orthodox Jewish , Religious Zionist political party in Israel, established in July 2019 by a conservative faction in the Religious Zionist community inspired by Rabbi Zvi Thau and his Har Hamor Yeshiva . The party's main goal is to advance policies against LGBT rights, and against what its backers call "the destruction of

4794-471: The United States Joe Biden said Benjamin Netanyahu 's government contained "some of the most extreme" members he had ever seen. In 2023, the Likud -led coalition was described in authoritarian terms by Haaretz , such as " Fascist ", "a dictatorship", and " Stalinist " (for Stalinism's authoritarian aspects). The Al-Aqsa mosque compound (which Israelis refer to as the " Temple Mount ")

4896-668: The West Bank, Palestinians establish seaport and airport. This plan did not come to pass. Israel and Egypt have concluded an agreement under which Egypt can increase the number of police on its side of the border, while the IDF evacuates the Gazan side. The text of the agreement is not yet public. The estimated cost of Israel's disengagement is around $ 2 billion. Because the Palestinian Authority in Gaza did not believe it had sufficient control of

4998-534: The area at this time, observers such as the Human Rights Watch and legal experts have argued that the disengagement will not end Israel's legal responsibility as an occupying power in Gaza. The disengagement began with Operation "Yad l'Achim" ( Hebrew : מבצע יד לאחים , "Giving brothers a hand"). The aim of the operation was to give the Gush Katif settlers the option to leave voluntarily. IDF soldiers helped

5100-517: The area. Israeli and Palestinian officials issued a joint declaration in Aqaba , Jordan to counter the recent round of Israeli–Palestinian violence. In the rampage's aftermath, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich , a far-right politician partly in charge of the administration of the West Bank, called for Huwara to be "wiped out" by the Israeli army. Condemnations from the United States, European Union, and Arab countries led to Smotrich retracting his comments and claiming they were said in

5202-434: The burial square. Israeli disengagement from Gaza In 2005, 21 Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and four Israeli settlements in the West Bank were unilaterally dismantled. Israeli settlers and army evacuated from inside the Gaza Strip , redeploying its military along the border. The disengagement was conducted unilaterally by Israel; in particular, Israel rejected any coordination or orderly hand-over to

SECTION 50

#1732855716104

5304-461: The country. Some of Meir Kahane 's legislative initiatives were mostly related to the "Arab problem" in Israel, intending to separate Jews and Arabs in public swimming pools, banning romantic relations between Jews and Arabs, and revoking the citizenship of Arabs in Israel . In his book, "They Must Go", Kahane wrote: "There is only one path for us to take: the immediate transfer of Arabs from Eretz Yisrael . For Arabs and Jews in Eretz Yisrael there

5406-401: The creation of a Jewish state based on fascist principles. The goal of the Maximalists was to "extract Revisionism from its liberal entrapment", because they wanted Ze'ev Jabotinsky 's status to be elevated to the status of a dictator, and desired to forcably assimilate the population of Palestine into Hebrew society. The Maximalists believed that authoritarianism and national solidarity

5508-437: The demilitarized Egyptian side of the border, revising the previously stated intent to maintain Israeli control of the border. The Gaza Strip contained 21 civilian Israeli settlements and the area evacuated in the West Bank contained four, as follows: Hermesh and Mevo Dotan in the northwestern West Bank were included in the original disengagement plans, but were dropped from the plans in March. Sharon said that his plan

5610-400: The demographic rationale in a public address on August 15, 2005, the day of the disengagement, as follows: "It is no secret that, like many others, I had believed and hoped we could forever hold onto Netzarim and Kfar Darom . But the changing reality in the country, in the region, and the world, required of me a reassessment and change of positions. We cannot hold on to Gaza forever. More than

5712-448: The deputy leader to Sharon, who had been subtly suggesting a unilateral approach for a couple of months, elaborated on his evolving policy. He expressed his certainty that the Israeli government would soon need to seriously and decisively address the "demographic issue". He believed this issue would be the primary determinant of the solution they would have to adopt. He observed that an increasing number of Palestinians wanted to move from

5814-441: The disengagement at the beginning of November, and on October 26, the Knesset gave its preliminary approval. On February 16, 2005, the Knesset finalized and approved the plan. In October 2004, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's senior adviser, Dov Weissglass , explained the meaning of Sharon's statement further: The significance of the disengagement plan is the freezing of the peace process, and when you freeze that process, you prevent

5916-437: The disengagement plan. Three settlers burned themselves alive in protest of the disengagement. By September 12, 2005, the eviction of all settlers from the Gaza Strip and demolition of their houses was completed, bringing Israel's 38 years of military rule over the Gaza Strip to a halt. Moledet ( Hebrew : מולדת , lit.   'Homeland') was a minor party established by Rehavam Ze'evi in 1988. Prior to

6018-531: The doors of those who did not. There were scenes of troops dragging screaming and sobbing families from houses and synagogues, but with less violence than expected. Some of the soldiers were also observed sobbing, and there were instances of soldiers joining settlers in prayer before evicting them. Some settlers lit their homes on fire as they evacuated so as to leave the Palestinians nothing. Settlers blocked roads, lit fires, and pleaded with soldiers to disobey orders. One West Bank settler set herself on fire in front of

6120-416: The establishment of a Palestinian state, and you prevent a discussion on the refugees, the borders and Jerusalem. Effectively, this whole package called the Palestinian state, with all that it entails, has been removed indefinitely from our agenda. And all this with authority and permission. All with a presidential blessing and the ratification of both houses of Congress. That is exactly what happened. You know,

6222-433: The exception of synagogues (due to fears of their potential desecration, which eventually did occur), since it would be more costly and time-consuming. This contrasted with the original plan by the Prime Minister to demolish all vacated buildings. On May 9, the beginning of the evacuation of settlements was officially postponed from July 20 until August 15, so as to not coincide with the Jewish period of The Three Weeks and

SECTION 60

#1732855716104

6324-446: The expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, opposition to Palestinian statehood , and imposition of Israeli sovereignty over the Gaza Strip , the West Bank , and East Jerusalem . Revisionist Zionism 's ideological and cultural roots were influenced by Italian fascism . Ze'ev Jabotinsky , the founder of Revisionist Zionism , believed that Britain could no longer be trusted to advance Zionism , and that Fascist Italy , as

6426-535: The family". Avi Maoz , the party's leader, was elected to the Knesset in 2021 , and is the party's sole representative. The 37th Cabinet of Israel, formed on December 29, 2022, following the Knesset election on November 1, 2022, has been described as the most right-wing government in Israeli history, as well as Israel's most religious government. The coalition government consists of seven parties— Likud , United Torah Judaism , Shas , Religious Zionist Party , Otzma Yehudit , Noam , and National Unity —and

6528-399: The fast of Tisha B'Av , traditionally marking grief and destruction. On July 13, Sharon signed the closure order of Gush Katif, making the area a closed military zone. From that point on, only residents who presented Israeli ID cards with their registered address in Gush Katif were permitted to enter. Permits for 24–48 hours were given to select visitors for a few weeks before the entire area

6630-401: The first phase of the disengagement plan by a vote of 17 to 5. Netanyahu blamed the Israeli government for moving "blindly along" with the disengagement by not taking into account the expected upsurge in terrorism. On August 10, in his first speech before the Knesset following his resignation, Netanyahu spoke of the necessity for Knesset members to oppose the proposed disengagement: Only we in

6732-404: The framework of any possible future permanent agreement. At the same time, in the framework of the Disengagement Plan, Israel will strengthen its control over those same areas in the Land of Israel which will constitute an inseparable part of the State of Israel in any future agreement." It was at this time that he began to use the word "occupation". Bernard Avishai states that the Gaza withdrawal

6834-411: The ground holding their infants. Far-right politics in Israel Far-right politics in Israel encompasses ideologies such as ultranationalism , Jewish supremacy , Jewish fascism , Jewish fundamentalism , Anti-Arabism , and ideological movements such as Neo-Zionism and Kahanism . In recent times, the term "far-right" has been mainly used to describe advocates of policies such as

6936-449: The grounds that there was no precedent and provision for them in the Basic Laws of Israel . To limit the potential influence of anti-democratic parties such as Kach, the Knesset , in 1985, proposed a new amendment to exclude parties that negate the democratic character of Israel. Kach was later barred from the 1988 elections, and its appeal was denied by the Supreme Court. 1994, following Baruch Goldstein's massacre of 29 Palestinians at

7038-426: The heat of the moment. Israel's far-right ministers have made controversial comments during the Israel–Hamas war . The far-right in Israel have used a variety of ways over the years to achieve their political goals. These include far-right parties such as Kach , Otzma Yehudit , and Eretz Yisrael Shelanu being represented in the Knesset , Israel's parliament. Establishment of unauthorized Israeli outposts in

7140-471: The land and achieve Jewish sovereignty . The Irgun joined forces with Betar and Hatzohar in 1937. Revisionist Maximalism was a short-lived right-wing militant political ideology that was a part of the Brit HaBirionim faction of the Zionist Revisionist Movement created by Abba Ahimeir . Abba Ahimier was born in Russia in 1897 and migrated to Palestine at the age of fifteen. In 1928 Ahimier joined Jabotinsky's Revisionist movement and became one of

7242-443: The library building at the foot of which the burial plaza stands in order to free up space around it, but in the competition the participants were required to leave the building in place and incorporate it into their plan. Later the library building became the home of the Ben-Gurion Heritage Institute. A 13-member judging committee examined 54 proposals submitted as part of the competition by architects, artists and sculptors, and chose

7344-493: The movement's important activists. In 1930, Brit HaBirionim under Ahimeir's leadership publicly declared their desire to form a fascist state . The Revisionist Maximalist movement borrowed principles from totalitarianism and fascism and it also drew inspiration from Józef Piłsudski 's Poland and Benito Mussolini 's Italy. Revisionist Maximalists strongly supported the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and wanted

7446-526: The nation's grand plot on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The planning of the tomb estate by the National Parks Authority began after the burial of Ben-Gurion's wife at the site and before the death of Ben-Gurion himself. The site was qualified for its designation as a grave estate, and as part of this, earthworks were carried out that resulted in raising the level of the grave square by many meters. On December 1, 1973, Ben-Gurion died and two days later he

7548-583: The need to consider unilateral separation, which would likely prevent dialogue with the Palestinians for at least 25 years. Sharon suggested his disengagement plan for the first time on December 18, 2003, at the Fourth Herzliya Conference. In his address to the Conference, Sharon stated that "settlements which will be relocated are those which will not be included in the territory of the State of Israel in

7650-599: The opening of the Knesset winter session, Sharon outlined his plan to start legislation for the disengagement in the beginning of November. In a symbolic act, the Knesset voted 53–44 against Sharon's address: Labor voted against, while the National Religious Party and ten members of Likud refused to support Sharon in the vote. On October 26, the Knesset gave preliminary approval for the plan with 67 for, 45 against, seven abstentions, and one member absent. Netanyahu and three other cabinet ministers from Sharon's ruling Likud government threatened to resign unless Sharon agreed to hold

7752-405: The plan during the time showed support for the plan in the 50–60% range and opposition in the 30–40% range. The Israeli military met heavy resistance and riots from settlers while pulling out. Two far-right Israelis self-immolated . Benjamin Netanyahu resigned from Sharon's government over the pullout. The United Nations , international human rights organizations, many legal scholars, and

7854-462: The plan in his April 14, 2004, letter to U.S. President George W. Bush , stating that "there exists no Palestinian partner with whom to advance peacefully toward a settlement". On June 6, 2004, Sharon's government approved an amended disengagement plan, but with the reservation that the dismantling of each settlement should be voted separately. On October 11, at the opening of the Knesset winter session, Sharon outlined his plan to start legislation for

7956-505: The proposal of landscape architects Lipa Yahlom and Dan Tzur. In February 1989, an ultra-Orthodox organization called Kash'at ("Torah Observant Group" or "Group that will not complete") desecrated Ben-Gurion's grave and painted swastikas on it. In March 2005, the inscription "Hitler" was sprayed on Ben-Gurion's grave by Right-wing workers who acted against the Israeli disengagement from Gaza . The garden covers an area of 90 dunams, most of which

8058-472: The redefinition of the country's borders in accordance with the vision of Greater Israel . The Movement for Greater Israel , which emerged about a month after the Six-Day War ended, advocated for the control over all of the territories captured during the war, including the Sinai Peninsula , West Bank , and Golan Heights . The members of the movement demanded immediate imposition of Israeli sovereignty over

8160-470: The removal of all Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip as well as several West Bank settlements , and resulted in protests and riots from Jewish settlers. Posters covering the streets stated that "Ariel Sharon had no right to give up parts of the Land of Israel ". The settlers managed to secure the support of Ovadia Yosef , then-leader of Shas party , who instructed Shas members of the Knesset to vote against

8262-512: The rest will not be dealt with until the Palestinians turn into Finns . That is the significance of what we did. Demographic concerns, the maintenance of a Jewish majority in Israeli-controlled areas, played a significant role in the development of the policy. The rationale for the disengagement has been partly attributed to Arnon Soffer 's campaign regarding "the danger the Palestinian womb posed to Israeli democracy." Sharon mentioned

8364-500: The right and garnered him unusual support from the left-wing in Israel. The right believes that Sharon ignored the mandate he had been elected on, and instead adopted the platform of his Labor opponent, Amram Mitzna , who was overwhelmingly defeated when he campaigned on a disengagement plan of far smaller magnitude. At that time, Sharon referred to Gaza communities such as Netzarim as "no different than Tel Aviv ", and said that they are of such strategic value that "the fate of Netzarim

8466-549: The roof of his home, with at least four of those on the rooftop being armed. A brief stand-off with security forces ensued, and snipers were deployed after Yitzhaki threatened to fire at troops. Security forces stormed the rooftop and arrested settlers without any violence. IDF and police forces evacuated the home after Yitzhaki surrendered weapons and ammunition belonging to his group, but were met with bags of paint and whitewash thrown by settlers, and Yitzhaki's wife and another right-wing activist initially refused to evacuate and lay on

8568-410: The roof with barbed wire, and pelted security forces with various objects. Police removed them by force after negotiations failed, and there were injuries to both settlers and officers. On August 17, the settlement of Morag was evacuated by 200 police officers. On August 18, Shirat HaYam was evacuated by military and police forces, after infiltrators had been removed and the settlement's speaker system

8670-416: The settlers who chose to do so by packing their belongings and carrying them. During the operation, soldiers went into settlers' homes and presented them with removal decrees. In addition, the IDF arranged crews of social nurses, psychologists, and support to youths. On April 8, 2005, Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz said that Israel should consider not demolishing the evacuated buildings in the Gaza Strip, with

8772-414: The side is a plot of vegetation and papelion trees. They are surrounded by a black metal chain on top of pillars. The tombstones were designed by the sculptor Ezra Orion. They are rectangular and built of simple stones, and inside wide recesses in the upper part are fixed diagonal tablets on which are engraved the names of the deceased, the years of their birth and death as well as the years they immigrated to

8874-411: The signing of the Oslo Accords , because he felt that an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank would deny Jews their "biblical heritage which they had reclaimed by establishing settlements". Rabin was also criticized by right-wing conservatives and Likud leaders who perceived the peace process as an attempt to forfeit the occupied territories and a surrender to Israel's enemies. After the murder, it

8976-489: The term 'peace process' is a bundle of concepts and commitments. The peace process is the establishment of a Palestinian state with all the security risks that entails. The peace process is the evacuation of settlements, it's the return of refugees, it's the partition of Jerusalem. And all that has now been frozen.... what I effectively agreed to with the Americans was that part of the settlements would not be dealt with at all, and

9078-573: The territories. The supporters of the movement were united by a territorial maximalist ideology. During the summer of 1967, far-right nationalists began to establish settlements in the occupied West Bank to establish a Jewish presence on the land. Menachem Begin 's agreement to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, as well as his initiation of the Autonomy Plan , caused parts of the political right to radicalise and adopt far-right political ideologies. The Kach party, founded by Meir Kahane in 1971,

9180-568: The town. The Israel Police initially decided to accompany Kahane with 1000 police officers as he marched, but later decided to cancel Kahane's march altogether, in concern of negative consequences. Kach activists frequently entered Arab localities in Israel , distributing propaganda leaflets in demonstrations, provocatively raising the Israeli flag, making Arabs sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence , threatening them against moving to majority-Jewish towns, and convincing Arabs to leave

9282-471: Was a far-right Orthodox Jewish , Religious Zionist political party in Israel. The party's ideology, known as Kahanism , advocated the transfer of the Arab population from Israel, and the creation of a Jewish theocratic state , in which only Jews have voting rights. Kach additionally argued that Israel should annex the 1967 Israeli-occupied territories because of their religious significance. The party's motto, "Rak Kach" lit.   ' Only thus ' ,

9384-618: Was a unilateral decision serving Israeli national interests and was not intended as a prelude to further withdrawals or genuine peace efforts. In his book Sharon: The Life of a Leader , Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's son Gilad wrote that he gave his father the idea of the disengagement. Sharon had originally dubbed his unilateral disengagement plan the "separation plan" or Tokhnit HaHafrada, before realizing that, "separation sounded bad, particularly in English, because it evoked apartheid." In an interview from November 2003, Ehud Olmert ,

9486-503: Was an offshoot of the older and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah . The Irgun has been viewed as a terrorist organization or organization which carried out terrorist acts. The Irgun policy was based on what was then called Revisionist Zionism founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky . Two of the most infamous operations for which the Irgun were known; the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946 and

9588-424: Was buried there. In May 1974, the National Parks Authority held a public architectural competition for the design of the burial square and its surroundings, in which it was requested to design the place as a park that would allow visitors to make a pilgrimage and be modest but full of majesty. Yaakov Yanai, chairman of the National Parks Authority, wrote to the government secretariat that it is appropriate to demolish

9690-478: Was completely sealed off to non-residents. Despite this ban, opponents of the disengagement managed to sneak in by foot through fields and bare soil. Estimates range from a few hundred to a few thousand people for those there illegally at that time. At one point, Sharon contemplated deploying Israel Border Police ( Magav ) forces to remove non-residents, but decided against it, as the manpower requirement would have been too great. At midnight between August 14 and 15,

9792-400: Was derived from the motto of the Irgun , a Zionist militant organization active in the 1940s. In the 1973 Israeli legislative election , Kach won 0.81% of the total votes, falling short to pass the electoral threshold, which was 1% at the time. In the next elections in 1977 , Kach failed once again to win enough votes for parliamentary presence. Kach earned a single seat in the Knesset in

9894-653: Was designed to improve Israel's security and international status in the absence of political negotiations to end the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . About nine thousand Israeli residents within Gaza were instructed to leave the area or face eviction by the night of Tuesday, August 16, 2005. Under the Revised Disengagement Plan adopted on June 6, 2004, the IDF was to have remained on the Gaza–Egypt border and could have engaged in further house demolitions to widen

9996-512: Was designed to obviate rather than facilitate peace negotiations: Sharon envisaged at the same time annexing Jerusalem, the Jordan Valley , and the major settlements like Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel which he had in the meantime developed, and thereby isolate Palestinians on the West Bank in territory that constituted less than half of what existed beyond the Green Line . Sharon formally announced

10098-474: Was disabled after settlers used it to call on troops to disobey orders. Youth placed obstacles made of flammable materials and torched tires and garbage dumpsters. Fires spread to Palestinian areas, and IDF bulldozers were deployed to put them out. A number of people also barricaded themselves in the synagogue and public buildings and on a deserted rooftop. Aryeh Yitzhaki defended his home with an M16 rifle , and dozens of settlers barricaded themselves inside or on

10200-545: Was established, as a movement that existed separate from the main Zionist movement, the World Zionist Organization . The term "revisionist" referred to a revision of the World Zionist Organization 's policies at the time. The Irgun , a Revisionist Zionist paramilitary organization, established by Avraham Tehomi in 1931, opposed British rule over Palestine , and was engaged in acts of terrorism against British officers and Arabs, in an attempt to expel them from

10302-548: Was necessary to have the public collaborate with the government, and to create total unity in Palestine. The Irgun ( Hebrew : ארגון ), officially the National Military Organization in the Land of Israel (Hebrew: הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל , romanized:  HaIrgun HaTzvaʾi Ha-Leumi b-Eretz Israel ; abbr. אצ״ל , romanized: Etzel or IZL), was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It

10404-498: Was revealed that Avishai Raviv , a well-known right-wing extremist at the time, was a Shin Bet agent and informant. Prior to Rabin's murder, Raviv was filmed with a poster of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin in an SS uniform. His mission was to monitor the activities of right-wing extremists, and he allegedly knew of Yigal Amir 's plans to assassinate Rabin. The Israeli disengagement from Gaza, headed by Ariel Sharon , included

#103896