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38-450: In North America, Beltone has over 1500 independently owned "hearing care centers". Beltone provides hearing screenings, hearing aid fittings and follow-up care for patients. Beltone also offers an aftercare program. Beltone's smallest hearing aid, the Beltone microInvisa, is about the size of a raspberry . It is also known as an invisible-in-the-canal (IIC) hearing aid. The Beltone microInvisa

76-446: A few are herbaceous ), with their stems being typically covered in sharp prickles . They grow long, arching shoots that readily root upon contact with soil, and form a soil rootstock from which new shoots grow in the spring. The leaves are either evergreen or deciduous , and simple , lobed , or compound . The shoots typically do not flower or set fruit until the second year of growth (i.e. they are biennial ). The rootstock

114-671: A likely North American origin, with fossils known from the Eocene -aged Florissant Formation of Colorado, around 34 million years old. Rubus expanded into Eurasia, South America, and Oceania during the Miocene . Fossil seeds from the early Miocene of Rubus have been found in the Czech part of the Zittau Basin. Many fossil fruits of † Rubus laticostatus , † Rubus microspermus and † Rubus semirotundatus have been extracted from bore hole samples of

152-457: A rich source of vitamin C (29% of the Daily Value , DV), manganese (29% DV), and dietary fiber (26% DV), but otherwise have low content of micronutrients (table). Raspberries are a low- glycemic index food, with total sugar content of only 4% and no starch . The aggregate fruit structure contributes to raspberry's nutritional value, as it increases the proportion of dietary fiber, which

190-524: A single, circumboreal species, Rubus idaeus , with the European plants then classified as either R. idaeus subsp. idaeus or R. idaeus var. idaeus , and the native North American red raspberries classified as either R. idaeus subsp. strigosus , or R. idaeus var. strigosus . Recent breeding has resulted in cultivars that are thornless and more strongly upright, not needing staking. The black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis ,

228-405: A variety of grocery products such as raspberry pie . Raspberries need ample sun and water for optimal development. Raspberries thrive in well-drained soil with a pH between 6 and 7 with ample organic matter to assist in retaining water. While moisture is essential, wet and heavy soils or excess irrigation can bring on Phytophthora root rot, which is one of the most serious pest problems facing

266-439: A very early season crop. Plants are typically planted 2–6 per m in fertile, well drained soil; raspberries are usually planted in raised beds/ridges, if there is any question about root rot problems. All cultivars of raspberries have perennial roots, but many do not have perennial shoots. In fact, most raspberries have shoots that are biennial (meaning shoots grow in the first growing season and fruits grow on those shoots during

304-784: A year. Raspberry derives its name from raspise , "a sweet rose-colored wine" (mid-15th century), from the Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys , or from raspoie , meaning "thicket", of Germanic origin. The name may have been influenced by its appearance as having a rough surface, related to the Old English rasp or "rough berry". Examples of raspberry species in Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus include: Several species of Rubus , also called raspberries, are classified in other subgenera, including: Various kinds of raspberries can be cultivated from hardiness zones 3 to 9. Raspberries are traditionally planted in

342-413: Is perennial . Most species are hermaphrodites with male and female parts being present on the same flower. Bramble fruits are aggregate fruits formed from smaller units called drupelets . Around 60-70% of species of Rubus are polyploid (having more than two copies of each chromosome), with species ranging in ploidy from diploid (2x, with 14 chromosomes ) to tetradecaploid (14x). Rubus

380-553: Is also cultivated, providing both fresh and frozen fruit, as well as jams, preserves, and other products, all with that species' distinctive flavor. Purple raspberries have been produced by horticultural hybridization of red and black raspberries, and have also been found in the wild in a few places (for example, in Vermont ) where the American red and the black raspberries both grow naturally. Commercial production of purple-fruited raspberries

418-811: Is among the highest known in whole foods – up to 6% fiber per total weight. Raspberries contain phytochemicals , such as anthocyanin pigments , ellagic acid , ellagitannins , quercetin , gallic acid , cyanidins , pelargonidins , catechins , kaempferol and salicylic acid . Yellow raspberries and others with pale-colored fruits are lower in anthocyanin content. Both yellow and red raspberries contain carotenoids, mostly lutein esters, but these are masked by anthocyanins in red raspberries. Raspberry compounds are under preliminary research for their potential to affect human health. Raspberry leaves can be used fresh or dried in herbal teas , providing an astringent flavor. In herbal and traditional medicine , raspberry leaves are used for some remedies, although there

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456-635: Is custom-manufactured to conform to a patient's ear canal . In the behind-the-ear (BTE) category, a very small case hides in the shadow behind the ear, and connects to the ear canal via a tiny, clear tube. In 1940, Sam Posen opens Beltone in Chicago, Illinois , and introduces the Model H hearing aid Beltone launched Mono-Pac in 1944. Later, Beltone introduced its first custom in-the-canal (ITC) hearing aid in 1983, followed by Beltone Digital—its first hearing aid with digital technology—in 1998. In 2014, Beltone released

494-472: Is harvested when it comes off the receptacle easily and has turned a deep color (red, black, purple, or golden yellow, depending on the species and cultivar). This is when the fruits are ripest and sweetest. High tunnel bramble production offers the opportunity to bridge gaps in availability during late fall and late spring. Furthermore, high tunnels allow less hardy floricane-fruiting raspberries to overwinter in climates where they would not otherwise survive. In

532-640: Is no scientifically valid evidence to support their medicinal use. Rubus#Modern classification Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae , subfamily Rosoideae , commonly known as brambles . Fruits of various species are known as raspberries , blackberries , dewberries , and bristleberries . It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in

570-529: Is often used collectively for those fruits in the genus Rubus which have been developed mainly in the U.S. and U.K. in the last 130 years. As Rubus species readily interbreed and are apomicts (able to set seed without fertilisation), the parentage of these plants is often highly complex, but is generally agreed to include cultivars of blackberries ( R. ursinus , R. fruticosus ) and raspberries ( R. idaeus ). The British National Collection of Rubus stands at over 200 species and, although not within

608-700: Is rare. Blue raspberry is a local name used in Prince Edward County, Ontario , Canada, for the cultivar 'Columbian', a hybrid (purple raspberry) of R. strigosus and R. occidentalis . Blue raspberry can also refer to the whitebark raspberry, R. leucodermis . Both the red and the black raspberry species have albino-like pale-yellow natural or horticultural variants, resulting from presence of recessive genes that impede production of anthocyanin pigments. Fruits from such plants are called golden raspberries or yellow raspberries; despite their similar appearance, they retain

646-457: Is the only genus in the tribe Rubeae. Rubus is very complex, particularly within the blackberry / dewberry subgenus ( Rubus ), with polyploidy, hybridization , and facultative apomixis apparently all frequently occurring, making species classification of the great variation in the subgenus one of the grand challenges of systematic botany . In publications between 1910 and 1914, German botanist Wilhelm Olbers Focke attempted to organize

684-423: Is whether or not the torus ( receptacle or stem) "picks with" (i.e., stays with) the fruit. When picking a blackberry fruit, the torus stays with the fruit. With a raspberry, the torus remains on the plant, leaving a hollow core in the raspberry fruit. Raspberries are grown for the fresh fruit market and for commercial processing into individually quick frozen (IQF) fruit, purée , juice, or dried fruit used in

722-477: The Japanese beetle , which relies heavily on these sources as its main food resource. The voracious feeding habits of Japanese beetles not only pose a direct threat to raspberry plants but also increase the risk of transmitting various plant diseases. This dual impact can significantly undermine agricultural productivity, making it crucial for raspberry growers to implement effective pest management strategies to mitigate

760-551: The Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians , Poland . Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification. Better-known species of Rubus include: A more complete subdivision is as follows: The term "hybrid berry"

798-545: The larvae of some Lepidoptera species (butterflies and moths). More serious are the raspberry beetle (in Europe) and the raspberry fruitworm (in North America), whose larvae can damage raspberries. Botrytis cinerea , or gray mold, is a common fungal infection of raspberries and other soft fruit under wet conditions. It is seen as a gray mold growing on the raspberries, and particularly affects fruit which are bruised, as

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836-412: The raspberries ) are generally distinct, or else involved in more routine one-or-a-few taxonomic debates, such as whether the European and American red raspberries are better treated as one species or two (in this case, the two-species view is followed here, with R. idaeus and R. strigosus both recognized; if these species are combined, then the older name R. idaeus has priority for

874-408: The 2020 BIG Innovation Award. Raspberry The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family , most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus . The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems . World production of raspberries in 2022 was 947,852 tonnes , led by Russia with 22% of

912-437: The broader species). The classification presented below recognizes 13 subgenera within Rubus , with the largest subgenus ( Rubus ) in turn divided into 12 sections . Representative examples are presented, but many more species are not mentioned here. A comprehensive 2019 study found subgenera Orobatus and Anoplobatus to be monophyletic , while all other subgenera to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic . The genus has

950-460: The bruises provide an easy entrance point for the spores. Raspberry plants should not be planted where potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, or bulbs have previously been grown, without prior fumigation of the soil. These crops are hosts for the disease Verticillium wilt , a fungus that can stay in the soil for many years and can infest the raspberry crop. Raspberries, among other plants with high sugar content like peaches, are prime targets for

988-547: The damage caused by Japanese beetle infestations. In 2022, world production of raspberries was 947,852 tonnes , led by Russia with 22% of the total (table). Other major producers were Mexico , Serbia , Poland , and the United States . Raw raspberries are 86% water, 12% carbohydrates , and have about 1% each of protein and fat (table). In a reference amount of 100 g (3.5 oz), raspberries supply 53 kilocalories and 6.5 grams of dietary fiber . Raspberries are

1026-402: The distinctive flavor of their respective species (red or black). Most pale-fruited raspberries commercially sold in the eastern United States are derivatives of red raspberries. Yellow-fruited variants of the black raspberry are sometimes grown in home gardens. Red raspberries have also been crossed with various species in other subgenera of the genus Rubus , resulting in a number of hybrids ,

1064-710: The first hearing aid made for the iPhone , Beltone First. Beltone announces that its line of advanced hearing aids, including the Beltone First and Beltone Boost, are now compatible with Android via the Beltone HearPlus app. In 2015, Beltone launched the Beltone Legend. Beltone expanded connectivity with the HearPlus App for the Apple Watch and announced the launch of Boost Plus. In 2020, Beltone Amaze Hearing Aids won

1102-428: The first of which was the loganberry . Later notable hybrids include the olallieberry , boysenberry , marionberry , and tayberry ; all are multi-generational hybrids. Hybridization between the familiar cultivated red raspberries and a few Asiatic species of Rubus has also been achieved. Numerous raspberry cultivars have been selected. Two types of raspberry are available for commercial and domestic cultivation;

1140-400: The genus into 12 subgenera, a classification system that since became widely accepted, though modern genetic studies have found that many of these subgenera are not monophyletic . Some treatments have recognized dozens of species each for what other, comparably qualified botanists have considered single, more variable species. On the other hand, species in the other Rubus subgenera (such as

1178-467: The genus. The Rubus fruit , sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets . The term "cane fruit" or "cane berry" applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry , boysenberry , marionberry and tayberry . The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes. Bramble bushes typically grow as shrubs (though

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1216-444: The red raspberry. As a cultivated plant in moist, temperate regions, it is easy to grow and tends to spread unless pruned. Escaped raspberries frequently appear as garden weeds, spread by seeds found in bird droppings. An individual raspberry weighs 3–5 g (0.11–0.18 oz) and is made up of around 100 drupelets , each of which consists of a juicy pulp and a single central seed. A raspberry bush can yield several hundred berries

1254-681: The scope of the National Collection, also hold many cultivars. The hybrid berries include:- The generic name means blackberry in Latin and was derived from the word ruber , meaning "red". The blackberries, as well as various other Rubus species with mounding or rambling growth habits, are often called brambles . However, this name is not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes, or for trailing or prostrate species, such as most dewberries, or various low-growing boreal, arctic, or alpine species. The scientific study of brambles

1292-555: The second growing season). The flowers can be a major nectar source for honeybees and other pollinators. Raspberries are vigorous and can be locally invasive. They propagate using basal shoots (also known as suckers), extended underground shoots that develop roots and individual plants. They can sucker new canes some distance from the main plant. For this reason, raspberries spread well, and can take over gardens if left unchecked. Raspberries are often propagated using cuttings, and will root readily in moist soil conditions. The fruit

1330-507: The summer-bearing type produces an abundance of fruit on second-year canes (floricanes) within a relatively short period in midsummer, and double or "everbearing" plants, which also bear some fruit on first-year canes (primocanes) in the late summer and fall, as well as the summer crop on second-year canes. Those marked (AGM) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Raspberries are sometimes eaten by

1368-443: The total. Raspberries are cultivated across northern Europe and North America and are consumed in various ways, including as whole fruit and in preserves , cakes, ice cream, and liqueurs . Raspberries are a rich source of vitamin C , manganese , and dietary fiber . A raspberry is an aggregate fruit , developing from the numerous distinct carpels of a single flower. What distinguishes the raspberry from its blackberry relatives

1406-474: The tunnel, plants are established at close spacing usually prior to tunnel construction. Raspberries are an important commercial fruit crop, widely grown in all temperate regions of the world. Many of the most important modern commercial red raspberry cultivars derive from hybrids between R. idaeus and R. strigosus . Some botanists consider the Eurasian and American red raspberries to belong to

1444-540: The winter as dormant canes, although planting of tender, plug plants produced by tissue culture has become much more common. A specialized production system called "long cane production" involves growing canes for a year in a northern climate such as Scotland or Oregon or Washington , where the chilling requirement for proper bud break is attained, or attained earlier than the ultimate place of planting. These canes are then dug, roots and all, to be replanted in warmer climates such as Spain, where they quickly flower and produce

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