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32-514: The sanjak belonged to Rumelia Eyalet between 1459 and 1541, and again between 1716 and 1717 and again 1739 and 1817 (nominally to 1830), to Budin Eyalet between 1541 and 1686, and to Temeșvar Eyalet between 1686 and 1688 and again between 1690 and 1716. During the governorship of Hadji Mustafa Pasha (1793–1801), the administration was expanded eastwards to include the Kladovo area, until then part of

64-412: A sanjakbey appointed to control these scattered and often nomadic groups, and who acted as the commander of the military forces recruited among them. The Pasha-sanjak in this period comprised a wide area in western Macedonia , including the towns of Üskub ( Skopje ), Pirlipe ( Prilep ), Manastir ( Bitola ) and Kesriye ( Kastoria ). A similar list compiled c. 1534 gives the same sanjaks , except for

96-532: The obor-knez (dukes); freedom of trade and religion were granted and there was peace. Selim III also decreed that some unpopular janissaries were to leave the Belgrade Pashaluk as he saw them as a threat to the central authority of Hadji Mustafa Pasha . Many of those janissaries were employed by or found refuge with Osman Pazvantoğlu , a renegade opponent of Sultan Selim III in the Sanjak of Vidin . Fearing

128-612: The Beylerbeylik of Rumeli until 1591, was a first-level province ( beylerbeylik or eyalet ) of the Ottoman Empire encompassing most of the Balkans (" Rumelia "). For most of its history, it was the largest and most important province of the Empire, containing key cities such as Edirne , Yanina ( Ioannina ), Sofia , Filibe ( Plovdiv ), Manastır/Monastir ( Bitola ), Üsküp ( Skopje ), and

160-839: The Great Turkish War (1683–1699), Habsburg forces took Belgrade in 1688, and seized much of the Sanjak of Smederevo, thus creating the Habsburg-occupied Serbia , but already in 1690 the Ottomans re-captured Belgrade and also reconquered the rest of the Smederevo sanjak. The Sanjak was again occupied by the Habsburg monarchy as the Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39) , however, with the Treaty of Belgrade ,

192-495: The Sanjak of Vidin . The Sanjak of Smederevo was formed after the fall of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, and its administrative seat was Smederevo, at the time defended by imposing Smederevo Fortress . Ottoman sources note a migration of " Vlachs " (pastoralists) to the Sanjak of Smederevo and parts of the Sanjak of Kruševac and Sanjak of Vidin ; in 1476 there were 7,600 Vlach households and 15,000 peasant households. In

224-756: The Second Ottoman–Egyptian War , Austria, along with Britain , saved its old rival from early collapse against Muhammad Ali of Egypt 's Egypt . The two countries would end up teaming against the Allies of World War I , with the Ottomans sending troops to Galicia and the Austro-Hungarians to Gaza before collapsing together. With the Turkish war ended, Austria joined with Prussia in the Declaration of Pillnitz on 27 August. Austria renounced any expansion at

256-606: The pasha-sanjak of Manastir with 11 kazas . Treaty of Sistova The Treaty of Sistova ended the last Austro-Turkish war (1787–91) . Brokered by Great Britain , Prussia and the Netherlands , it was signed in Sistova (modern Svishtov ) in Bulgaria on 4 August 1791. The treaty was written in French and Turkish. The Habsburg monarchy had been pushed back in the first year of

288-453: The 1470s, because of the fighting with the Hungarians many areas in northern Serbia were deserted. Ottomans start colonize that area with Vlachs as a military element, and this colonization includes entire territory of the Sanjak of Smederevo, most of Sanjak of Kruševac and Vidin. Vlachs to that area coming from Bosnia , Herzegovina , Montenegro and from Stari Vlah (İstari Eflak) region in

320-786: The Croatian frontier were ceded to the Habsburg Monarchy. This treaty ended the Ottoman–Habsburg wars . Austria did not participate in the Russian-led wars against the Ottomans during the 19th and 20th centuries. Both countries would eventually face France in the War of the Second Coalition , despite fighting different campaigns against the same enemy in Central Europe and Egypt . During

352-798: The Ottoman government. Several district chiefs were murdered in the Slaughter of the Knezes on February 4, 1804, by the renegade janissaries. This sparked the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13), the first phase of the Serbian Revolution . After the Pashalik of Belgrade fell back to the Ottoman rule, various acts of violence and confiscation of people's properties took place. Islamized Serbs and Albanians especially took part in such actions. Despite suppression of

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384-492: The Ottomans' capital city. It was followed by Sofia for a while and again by Edirne until 1520, when Sofia once more became the seat of the beylerbey . At the time, the beylerbey of Rumelia was the commander of the most important military force in the state in the form of the timariot sipahi cavalry, and his presence in the capital during this period made him a regular member of the Imperial Council ( divan ). For

416-670: The Rumelia Eyalet was titled "Beylerbey of Rumelia" (Rumeli beylerbeyi ) or "Vali of Rumelia" (Rumeli vali ). A list dated to 1475 lists seventeen subordinate sanjakbeys , who controlled sub-provinces or sanjaks , which also functioned as military commands: Another list, dating to the early reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566), lists the sanjakbeys of that period, in approximate order of importance.: The Çingene , Müselleman-i Kirk Kilise and Voynuks were not territorial circumscriptions, but rather represented merely

448-585: The Serbian autonomy and drastically increased taxes, enforcing martial law in Serbia. On 15 December 1801, the popular Vizier of Belgrade Hadji Mustafa Pasha , a trusted ally of Selim III, was murdered by Kučuk Alija . Alija was one of the four leading Dahijas , Janissary commanders who were opposed to the Sultan's reforms. This resulted in the Sanjak of Smederevo being ruled by these renegade janissaries independently from

480-580: The Vidin rebels of Pazvantoğlu. During the absence of Mustafa Pasha, the forces of Pazvantoğlu captured Požarevac and besieged the Belgrade fortress . At the end of November 1797 obor-knezes Aleksa Nenadović , Ilija Birčanin and Nikola Grbović from Valjevo brought their forces to Belgrade and forced the besieging janissary forces to retreat to Smederevo . By 1799 the janissary corps had returned, as they were pardoned by Sultan's decree, and they immediately suspended

512-508: The absence of Sofia, Florina and Inebahti (among the provinces transferred to the new Archipelago Eyalet in 1533), and the addition of Selanik ( Salonica ). In 1538 there are listed 29 liva (sanjaks) during the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. Further sanjaks were removed with the progressive creation of new eyalets , and an official register c. 1644 records only fifteen sanjaks for the Rumelia Eyalet: The administrative division of

544-684: The area was ceded to the Ottoman Empire. Belgrade, the center of the region while under Austrian rule, was neglected under the Ottomans and Smederevo (Semendire) was the administrative center. Nevertheless, Belgrade eventually became the seat of a pasha with the title of vizier and the Sanjak began to be referred to as the Pashaluk of Belgrade, although it was still called the Sanjak of Smederevo in official documents. In 1788, Koča's frontier rebellion saw eastern Šumadija occupied by Austrian Serbian freikorps and hajduks . From 1788 to 1791, Belgrade

576-493: The beylerbeylik of Rumelia between 1700-1730 was as follows: Sanjaks in the early 19th century: According to the state yearbook ( salname ) of the year 1847, the reduced Rumelia Eyalet, centred at Manastir, encompassed also the sanjaks of Iskenderiyye (Scutari), Ohri (Ohrid) and Kesrye (Kastoria). In 1855, according to the French traveller A. Viquesnel, it comprised the sanjaks of Iskenderiyye, with 7 kazas or sub-provinces, Ohri with 8 kazas , Kesrye with 8 kazas and

608-599: The dissolution of the Janissary command in the Sanjak of Smederevo, Osman Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against Serbians without the permission of Sultan Selim III, causing much volatility and fear in the region. Pazvantoğlu was defeated in 1793 by the Serbs at the Battle of Kolari . In the summer of 1797 the sultan appointed Mustafa Pasha on position of beglerbeg of Rumelia Eyalet and he left Serbia for Plovdiv to fight against

640-575: The expense of the Ottoman Empire. In return, Prussia promised not to expand to the east and not to support the Brabant Revolution . Both countries pledged to intervene in France if all of the various powers of Europe agreed that it was necessary. This Austria -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ottoman Empire –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

672-528: The major seaport of Selânik/Salonica ( Thessaloniki ). It was also among the oldest Ottoman eyalets, lasting more than 500 years with several territorial restructurings over the long course of its existence. The capital was in Adrianople ( Edirne ), Sofia , and finally Monastir ( Bitola ). Its reported area in an 1862 almanac was 48,119 square miles (124,630 km ). Initially termed beylerbeylik or generically vilayet ("province") of Rumeli, only after 1591

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704-541: The new eyalets of Üsküb , Yanya and Selanik and reduced the Rumelia Eyalet to a few provinces around Monastir. The rump eyalet survived until 1867, when, as part of the transition to the more uniform vilayet system, it became part of the Salonica Vilayet . Eastern Rumelia became a new ottoman province in 1878 (formally until 1908 but united to the Principality of Bulgaria since 1885). The governor of

736-426: The population in Smederevo in 1516. According to Noel Malcolm in Ottoman defters from 16th century, in Smederevo area there were about 82,000 of mostly Vlach families. Benedikt Kuripešić in the 16th century noted that (Orthodox) Serbs "who call themselves Vlachs" moved from Smederevo and Belgrade to Bosnia and are part of three peoples inhabiting Bosnia alongside (Muslim) "Turks" and (Catholic) old Bosniaks. During

768-516: The province of Rumelia encompassed the entirety of the Ottoman Empire's European possessions, including the trans- Danubian conquests like Akkerman , until the creation of further eyalets in the 16th century, beginning with the Archipelago (1533), Budin (1541) and Bosnia (1580). The first capital of Rumelia was probably Edirne (Adrianople), which was also, until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453,

800-449: The same reason, powerful Grand Viziers like Mahmud Pasha Angelovic or Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha held the beylerbeylik in tandem with the grand vizierate. In the 18th century, Monastir emerged as an alternate residence of the governor, and in 1836, it officially became the capital of the eyalet . At about the same time, the Tanzimat reforms, aimed at modernizing the Empire, split off

832-729: The southwestern Serbia. After the Ottoman Empire conquered Belgrade in 1521, the administrative seat of the Sanjak was moved to this city. In this period when the Battle of Mohács took place the sanjakbey of Smederevo was Kučuk Bali-beg. Ottoman campaigns against Hungary in 16th century reduced part of the population which migrated to the Hungarian territory, according to tax registrations from 1476 and 1516 about 17% villages were abandoned. Ottoman resettle abandoned lands with populations from neighboring district which were mostly semi-nomadic Vlach groups from area of Bosnia , Hercegovina , Montenegro , and Stari Vlah in Serbia. Vlachs made up 15% of

864-482: The uprising in 1813 and Hadži Prodan's Revolt in 1814, the Second Serbian Uprising led by Duke Miloš Obrenović succeeded with creation of semi-independent Principality of Serbia in 1817 (confirmed with Ferman from Mahmud II in 1830), gained independence in 1878 by Treaty of San Stefano and evolved to Kingdom of Serbia in 1882. This marked the end of the Sanjak. The Muslim population of Smederevo

896-531: The war but then conquered Belgrade and gained other victory near Calafat in 1790. Austria's ally, Russia , had also been very successful, but Austria was threatened with invasion by Prussia . Also, the French Revolution had broken out and demanded Austria's urgent attention. Under that pressure, Austria accepted only very meagre gains from the war: only the town of Orsova (modern Orșova ) and several small places ( Cetingrad , Drežnik , Lapac , Srb ) on

928-452: Was again under Austrian rule after Koča's rebellion. The Siege of Belgrade from 15 September to 8 October 1789, a Habsburg Austrian force besieged the fortress of Belgrade. The Austrians held the city until 1791 when it handed Belgrade back to the Ottomans according to the terms of the Treaty of Sistova . In 1793 and 1796 Sultan Selim III proclaimed firmans which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by

960-515: Was composed of three main groups: local Muslim Serbs, Bosniaks and Albanians, who were the most significant non-Slavic group of the Smederevo region. These were mostly villagers, but also feudals, soldiers, officials, and some were among the highest social class, in the administration. The proportion of Muslims was notably decreased in the late 17th and first half of the 18th century, after a major influx of Serbs (Christians) from outlying territories, mostly from Dinaric areas . The Sanjak of Smederevo

992-825: Was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with most developed shipbuilding (besides sanjaks of Vidin , Nicopolis , Požega , Zvornik and Mohač ). U leto 1797. sultan ga je imenovao za rumeliskog begler-bega i Mustafa je otišao u Plovdiv, da rukovodi akcijom protiv buntovnika iz Vidina i u Rumeliji. Za vreme njegova otsutstva vidinski gospodar sa janičarima naredio je brz napad i potukao je srpsku i pašinu vojsku kod Požarevca, pa je prodro sve do Beograda i zauzeo samu varoš. Pred sam Božić stigoše u pomoć valjevski Srbi i sa njihovom pomoću turska gradska posada odbi napadače i očisti grad. Ilija Birčanin gonio je "Vidinlije" sve do Smedereva. Rumelia Eyalet The Eyalet of Rumeli , or Eyalet of Rumelia ( Ottoman Turkish : ایالت روم ایلی , romanized :  Eyālet-i Rūm-ėli ), known as

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1024-537: Was the term eyalet used. The first beylerbey of Rumelia was Lala Shahin Pasha , who was awarded the title by Sultan Murad I as a reward for his capture of Adrianople ( Edirne ) in the 1360s, and given military authority over the Ottoman territories in Europe, which he governed effectively as the Sultan's deputy while the Sultan returned to Anatolia . Also, Silistra Eyalet was formed in 1593. From its foundation,

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