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34-507: The Belevi Mausoleum was a grandiose tomb. The name of the mausoleum derives from the modern village of Belevi where the monument is located and sits on an isolated hillside. The mausoleum is located 14 km northeast of Ephesus next to the modern highway from İzmir to Aydın in the eastern part of the Kaystros-valley close to the ancient estates of the Ephesian sanctuary of Artemisia;

68-407: A higher Doric frieze of triglyphs and metopes ran around the top of the podium. The south side had a deep recess that was cut into the rock core for the burial chamber, which was placed in the center and sealed from outside. This was done in order to conceal what was in the monument and to protect the monument from tomb raiders. The chamber which Antiochus II was buried in was a small vestibule with

102-411: A length of 100 feet of 0.2965 m. The mausoleum was two stories. On the ground level there were three steps supporting the base mouldings. Each plain socle was surmounted by torus , cavetto and Lesbian cyma . Ten courses of large neatly cut ashlars , 69–88 cm high, which constituted the facing of the podium, made for a total height of 11.37 m. A low architrave, 45 cm high, and

136-622: A marble bas-relief of the subject in Florence about 1492. Piero di Cosimo 's panel Battle of Centaurs and Lapiths , now at the National Gallery, London , was painted during the following decade. If it was originally part of a marriage chest, or cassone , it was perhaps an uneasy subject for a festive wedding commemoration. A frieze with a Centauromachy was also painted by Luca Signorelli in his Virgin Enthroned with Saints (1491), inspired by

170-452: A rectangular back room for his body to be put in a barrel-vault. There was an unfinished false door on the north side of the structure. The top story had 3 steps measuring 1.12 m high. The top slope served as a stylobate for a Corinthian Peristalsis , with eight columns on each side. The roof had flat marble tiles. Around the edge of the roof, were groups of Lion-Griffins figures facing large stone vases. Pairs of horses were placed at

204-448: A royal Persian servant or a page representing a banquet scene. Sculptures and architectural pieces found at the monument still bear remains of their painted finish. The frequent painting replaced carving on the architectural mouldings was a practice reminiscent of Macedonian architecture. The work of the mausoleum was never finished. If the monument was completed, it could have reached a height of about 35 m. When Lysimachus first erected

238-507: A young woman named Caenis and the favorite of Poseidon , who changed her into a man at her request, and made Caeneus into an invulnerable warrior. Such warrior women , indistinguishable from men, were familiar among the Scythian horsemen too. In the battle with the centaurs Caeneus proved invulnerable, until the Centaurs crushed him with rocks and trunks of trees. He disappeared into the depths of

272-559: Is 16 km or 10 miles northeast of Selçuk and is 29 km from Kuşadası . The Belevi Mausoleum is the second largest mausoleum in Anatolia after the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus which it resembles and was possibly modeled after. The influence of this tomb seems to have been widespread throughout the Hellenistic world directly or indirectly in the construction of other royal tombs. It

306-404: Is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Selçuk , İzmir Province , Turkey . Its population is 1,938 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation , it was a town ( belde ). It is situated between Turkish state highway D.550 and Turkish motorway O.31 . Lake Belevi is to the east. The distance to Selçuk is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) and to İzmir is 55 kilometres (34 mi). Belevi

340-614: Is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Lapith The Lapiths ( / ˈ l æ p ɪ θ s / ; Ancient Greek : Λαπίθαι , Lapithai , sing . Λαπίθης) were a group of legendary people in Greek mythology , who lived in Thessaly in the valley of the Pineios and on the mountain Pelion . They were believed to have descended from the mythical Lapithes , brother of Centaurus , with

374-583: Is the home of Belevi Mausoleum which was built by Lysimachus during the Hellenistic period of Anatolia . The mausoleum is situated 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the east of the town. Keçi kalesi or Kızılhisar is a castle situated in the Alamandağ ( Galesion ), a hill to the south of Belevi. In 1991 Belevi was declared a seat of township. Town economy depends on gardening, animal breeding and some light industries such as olive press. Citrus, figs and peaches are

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408-534: Is unclear to whom the mausoleum should be attributed. Some posit that it was first erected as a royal tomb by Antigonos Monophthalmus or Lysimachus, two of the Diadochi or successors of Alexander the Great , who ruled western Asia Minor in the late fourth century BC. There is also disagreement regarding the dating of the monument, and views regarding its origin range from the 4th to the 1st centuries BC. Praschniker and Theuer,

442-658: The Magnetes , and on Zeus' temple at Olympia The Battle of the Lapiths and centaurs was a familiar symposium theme for the vase-painters . A sonnet vividly evoking the battle by the French poet José María de Heredia (1842–1905) was included in his volume Les Trophées . In the Renaissance , the battle became a favorite theme for artists: An excuse to display close-packed bodies in violent confrontation. The young Michelangelo executed

476-489: The Myrmidons , were natives of Thessaly. The genealogies make them a kindred people with the centaurs : In one version, Lapithes (Λαπίθης) and Centaurus (Κένταυρος) were said to be twin sons of the god Apollo and the nymph Stilbe , daughter of the river god Peneus . Lapithes was a valiant warrior, but Centaurus was a deformed being who later mated with mares from whom the race of half-man, half-horse centaurs came. Lapithes

510-948: The Wayback Machine v t e Neighbourhoods of Selçuk District 14 Mayıs Acarlar Atatürk Barutçu Belevi Çamlık Cumhuriyet Gökçealan Havutçulu İsabey Şirince Sultaniye Zafer Zeytinköy Authority control databases [REDACTED] International VIAF National France BnF data Other IdRef Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belevi&oldid=1179934848 " Category : Neighbourhoods in Selçuk District Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description

544-457: The bridle's bit . The Lapith King Pirithous was marrying the horsewoman Hippodameia , whose name means "tamer of horses", at the wedding feast that made a war, the Centauromachy, famous. In the Centauromachy, the Lapiths battle with the Centaurs at the wedding feast of Pirithous. The Centaurs had been invited, but, unused to wine, their wild nature came to the fore. When the bride, Hippodamia,

578-572: The Lapith king in the generation before the Trojan War , was Dia , daughter of Eioneus or Deioneus ; Ixion was the father of Pirithous, but like many heroic figures, Pirithous had an immortal as well as a mortal father. Zeus was his immortal father, but the god had to assume a stallion's form to cover Dia for, like their half-horse cousins, the Lapiths were horsemen in the grasslands of Thessaly, famous for its horses. The Lapiths were credited with inventing

612-459: The Phylaides of Attica claimed for progenitor Koronus the Lapith. As Greek myth became more mediated through philosophy, the battle between Lapiths and Centaurs took on aspects of the interior struggle between civilized and wild behavior, made concrete in the Lapiths' understanding of the right usage of God-given wine , which must be tempered with water and drunk not to excess. The Greek sculptors of

646-552: The area came under Ptolomaic control and the complex was once again left incomplete. Some have dated the mausoleum to 333 BC, based on the assumption that it was the tomb of the admiral Memnon of Rhodes , who in that year died in a naval encounter before Lesbos . Others who may have owned the tomb were the brothers of Memnon: Mentor of Rhodes (died 333 BC) or Menandros (died shortly after 318 BC). The Belevi Mausoleum has only recently received thorough publication, though articles and discussions on individual features of

680-557: The authors of the original publication on the site, composed a table of previous attributions and dates and concluded that the construction of the mausoleum was originally for Lysimachus around 301 - 281 BC, but was interrupted when he died and was buried elsewhere, in the Greek colony of Thracian Chersonesos . The tomb was finally used in 246 BC by Laodice I who buried her husband Antiochus II there after he died mysteriously while visiting her, and various ornaments were added. Shortly after this

714-502: The ceiling. The panels facing north represented funeral games with the reliefs of the other sides dealt with a centauromachy . The burial chamber was the central part of the mausoleum. In it was a large unfinished sarcophagus with a reclining beardless male figure on top. The male figure was formerly crowned with a wreath and held a bowl in its right hand which formed together with standing statue of an oriental servant. The oriental servant characterized by his posture and clothes may have been

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748-470: The coffers depicting funeral games and the centauromachy are on display at the museums at Selçuk and Izmir. The human figures, horses and large urns are on display at the museums at Selçuk and Izmir. 38°00′53.1″N 27°28′19.7″E  /  38.014750°N 27.472139°E  / 38.014750; 27.472139 Belevi Coordinates : 38°01′N 27°27′E  /  38.017°N 27.450°E  / 38.017; 27.450 From Misplaced Pages,

782-480: The corners. Little has survived from the mausoleum's roof. Antiochus II's mausoleum may have been a step pyramid with a crowning finial on top. The blocks of the outer architrave bore this Greek inscription: There could have been fragments of small-scale palm leaf capital with fluted Doric drum fragments. These parts could have decorated the scheme of the interior. The ceiling was embellished with large coffers. The coffers were painted intensively and adorn with panels on

816-589: The earth unharmed and was released as a sandy-headed bird. In later contests, the Centaurs were not so easily beaten. Mythic references explained the presence into historic times of primitive Lapiths in Malea and in the brigand stronghold of Pholoe in Elis as remnants of groups driven there by the centaurs. Some historic Greek cities bore names connected with Lapiths, and the Kypselides of Corinth claimed descent from Cæneus, while

850-455: The elaborate decorations have Greek and Persian elements. The high square podium with the pyramid on top is non-Greek. Persian influences are strong with some of the sculptural decorations such as the statue of the servant, the roof long-winged Lion- Griffin figures (symbols of the Persian Kings ) and the vases. The Griffins and a centauromachy mean the battle between Centaur and Humans. This

884-861: The 💕 For other uses, see Belevi (disambiguation) . Neighbourhood in Selçuk, İzmir, Turkey Belevi Neighbourhood [REDACTED] Belevi Mausoleum [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Belevi Location in Turkey Show map of Turkey [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Belevi Belevi (İzmir) Show map of İzmir Coordinates: 38°01′N 27°27′E  /  38.017°N 27.450°E  / 38.017; 27.450 Country Turkey Province İzmir District Selçuk Elevation 15 m (49 ft) Population   (2022) 1,938 Time zone UTC+3 ( TRT ) Postal code 35920 Area code 0232 Belevi

918-683: The main crops. References [ edit ] ^ Mahalle , Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS) . TÜİK . Retrieved 12 July 2023 . ^ "Law No. 6360" . Official Gazette (in Turkish). 6 December 2012. ^ "Classification tables of municipalities and their affiliates and local administrative units" (DOC) . Official Gazette (in Turkish). 12 September 2010. ^ Mayor's page Archived May 11, 2012, at

952-478: The monument have been written since the 1930s. The materials used for the construction of the mausoleum were probably sourced locally, for example marbles used for the construction of the monument were likely quarried in the region of Ephesus. An estimated two-thousand five-hundred cubic meters of marble were extracted for the building of the mausoleum. The foundation of the mausoleum was a square outcrop of natural rock; each side measuring some 29.65 m, suggesting

986-485: The monument, the construction of his mausoleum had been interrupted because he died in battle. When Antiochus II died, Laodice I added in addition architectural and sculptural elements for the monument. In 244 BC, Ephesus and the surrounding region came under the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty . The period that Laodice I spent on further work on her husband's mausoleum was brief. The architectural dimensions and designs of

1020-461: The school of Pheidias conceived of the battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs as a struggle between mankind and mischievous monsters, and symbolical of the great conflict between the civilized Greeks and " barbarians ". Battles between Lapiths and Centaurs were depicted in the sculptured metopes on the Parthenon , recalling Athenian Theseus ' treaty of mutual admiration with Pirithous the Lapith, leader of

1054-508: The two heroes giving their names to the races of the Lapiths and the Centaurs respectively. The Lapiths are best known for their involvement in the Centauromachy ( Ancient Greek : Κενταυρομαχία , romanized :  Kentauromachía ), a mythical fight that broke out between them and the Centaurs during Pirithous and Hippodamia 's wedding. The Lapiths were an Aeolian tribe who, like

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1088-471: Was a very common theme, which represents the victory of civilization over barbarism. The way the tomb chamber has been erected was Macedonian. Antiochus II was of Greek Macedonian and Persian descent . The life sized statues of the Lion-Griffin figures are on display at the museums at Izmir and Ephesus. The sarcophagus of Antiochus II is on display at the museum at Selçuk together with two Lions. Fragments of

1122-409: Was presented to greet the guests, the centaur Eurytion leapt up and attempted to abduct her. All the other centaurs were up in a moment, straddling women and boys. In the battle that ensued, Theseus came to the Lapiths' aid. They cut off Eurytion's ears and nose and threw him out. After the battle the defeated Centaurs were expelled from Thessaly to the northwest. The Lapith Caeneus was originally

1156-474: Was the eponymous ancestor of the Lapith people, and his descendants include Lapith warriors and kings, such as Ixion , Pirithous , Caeneus , and Coronus , and the seers Ampycus and his son Mopsus . In the Iliad the Lapiths send forty crewed ships to join the Greek fleet in the Trojan War , commanded by Polypoetes (son of Pirithous) and Leonteus (son of Coronus, son of Caeneus). The mother of Pirithous,

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