33-592: Beaune ( French pronunciation: [bon] ) is the wine capital of Burgundy in the Côte d'Or department in eastern France . It is located between Lyon and Dijon . Beaune is one of the key wine centers in France, and the center of Burgundy wine production and business. The annual wine auction of the Hospices de Beaune is the primary wine auction in France . The town
66-504: A Progressive Party member and, later, a Republican Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the State of New York . Beaune is twinned with: Burgundy (French region) Burgundy ( / ˈ b ɜːr ɡ ən d i / BUR -gən-dee ; French: Bourgogne [buʁɡɔɲ] ; Burgundian : Bregogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province
99-614: A large part due to the charisma and influence of Bernard of Clairvaux . The Abbey of Fontenay , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , is today the best-preserved Cistercian abbey in Burgundy. The Abbey of Vézelay, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is still a starting point for pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela . Cluny was almost totally destroyed during the French Revolution. During the Hundred Years' War , King John II of France gave
132-520: Is divided into the Côte-d'Or , where the most expensive and prized Burgundies are found, and Beaujolais , Chablis , the Côte Chalonnaise and Mâcon . The reputation and quality of the top wines, together with the fact that they are often produced in small quantities, has led to high demand and high prices, with some Burgundies ranking among the most expensive wines in the world. With regard to cuisine,
165-641: Is essentially oceanic (Cfb in Köppen classification ), with a continental influence (sometimes called a "half-continental climate"). The regional council of Burgundy was the legislative assembly of the region, until its merger to form the regional council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . Burgundy is one of France's main wine-producing areas. It is well known for both its red and white wines, mostly made from Pinot noir and Chardonnay grapes, respectively, although other grape varieties can be found, including Gamay , Aligote , Pinot blanc , and Sauvignon blanc . The region
198-445: Is served by TGV, through Dijon or Lyon . There is a comprehensive "traditional" shopping area clustered around the central square with a focus on gourmet food, fashion, and wine, while large supermarkets, business parks, etc., are situated on the outskirts of town. Beaune has a major fine food market on Saturdays, where there are a large number of stall holders supplying a broad selection of products and specialties from Burgundy and
231-483: Is surrounded by some of the world's most famous wine villages, while the facilities and cellars of many producers, large and small, are situated in the historic center of Beaune itself, as they have been since Roman times. With a rich historical and architectural heritage, Beaune is considered the "Capital of Burgundy wines ". It is an ancient and historic town on a plain by the hills of the Côte d'Or, with features remaining from
264-735: Is this climate which creates the unique environment for which the Côte d'Or is known. Founded in 1442 by Nicolas Rolin , chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy , and his wife, the Hospices are a charity running hospitals and other services for the needy. Following from past donations, they own vineyards in Burgundy . At the end of WWI the American Expeditionary Forces University was established in Beaune, complete with its own chapter of Phi Beta Kappa . Faculty included Walter M. Chandler ,
297-457: The Climats, terroirs of Burgundy site. Beaune is one of the wine communes of the Côte de Beaune subregion of the Burgundy wine region, which bears the name of this town. Although Beaune is lacking a Grand cru vineyard in the commune, it is the hub of the region's wine business, as most of Burgundy's major négociants are here. Beaune is renowned for its annual charity wine auction on behalf of
330-722: The Duchy , the County , and the kingdoms of Upper Burgundy and Lower Burgundy . During the Middle Ages , Burgundy was home to some of the most important Western churches and monasteries , including those of Cluny , Cîteaux , and Vézelay . Cluny, founded in 910, exerted a strong influence in Europe for centuries. The first Cistercian abbey was founded in 1098 in Cîteaux. Over the next century, hundreds of Cistercian abbeys were founded throughout Europe, in
363-413: The Hospices de Beaune . It is on the route des Grands Crus tourist trail among the vineyards. The road runs north from Beaune to Gevrey Chambertin and Nuits-Saint-Georges and south to Nolay , Saisy and Autun . Beaune is the centre for wine industry services (such as tractors and equipment for vat-rooms) as well as a number of wine-related institutes and education facilities. The train station
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#1732848784143396-585: The House of Valois-Burgundy came into possession of numerous French and imperial fiefs stretching from the western Alps to the North Sea, in some ways reminiscent of the Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia . The Burgundian State, in its own right, was one of the largest ducal territories that existed at the time of the emergence of early Modern Europe . It was regarded as one of the major western European powers of
429-487: The Middle Ages towards early modern Europe . Upon the 9th-century partitions of the Kingdom of Burgundy , the lands and remnants partitioned to the Kingdom of France were reduced to a ducal rank by King Robert II of France in 1004. The House of Burgundy , a cadet branch of the House of Capet , ruled over a territory that roughly conformed to the borders and territories of the modern administrative region of Burgundy. Upon
462-613: The Rhine during the late Roman period. The name Burgundy has historically denoted numerous political entities. It first emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians , which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire . Since the inception of the French departmental system in 1790, Burgundy has referred to
495-466: The prefecture for its department . The term also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement. The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect , assisted by a general secretary . Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by the title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic ( commissaire adjoint de la République ). Where
528-514: The 14th and 15th centuries. The Dukes of Burgundy were among the wealthiest and the most powerful princes in Europe and were sometimes called "Grand Dukes of the West". Through its possessions the Burgundian State was a major European centre of trade and commerce. The extinction of the dynasty led to the absorption of the duchy itself into the French crown lands by King Louis XI , while the bulk of
561-636: The Bold was killed in battle, and the Duchy itself was annexed by France and became a province. However, the northern part of the empire was taken by the Austrian Habsburgs . With the French Revolution in the end of the 18th century, the administrative units of the provinces disappeared, but were reconstituted as regions during the Fifth Republic in the 1970s. The modern-day administrative region comprises most of
594-674: The Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries passed to Duke Charles the Bold 's daughter, Mary , and her Habsburg descendants. Thus the partition of the Burgundian heritage marked the beginning of the centuries-long French–Habsburg rivalry and played a pivotal role in European politics long after Burgundy had lost its role as an independent political identity. It is named for the Burgundians , an East Germanic people who moved westwards beyond
627-472: The Latinised Gaulish word "Belena", which was the name of a spring around which the settlement was established. That name in turn is derived from "Belen" or "Belenos", a god of fast-flowing water. A Roman fort was built there in the first century A.D. and it was already a prosperous wine-growing region in the 13th century. The town is served by a small watercourse, the "Bouzaise" (or "Bouzaize") of which
660-550: The Roman period. During the 4th century, the Burgundians , a Germanic people who may have originated on the Baltic island of Bornholm , settled in the western Alps. They founded the Kingdom of the Burgundians , which was conquered in the 6th century by another Germanic tribe, the Franks . Under Frankish dominion, the Kingdom of Burgundy continued for several centuries. Later, the region
693-483: The city walls with around five chain hotels on the outskirts. Beaune is one of a number of towns in Europe asserting a key role in the "invention of film"; a number of murals and other tourist attractions reflect this. Technically Beaune is a commune in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of department 21, the Côte-d'Or department , in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region . The name "Beaune" derives from
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#1732848784143726-614: The duchy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold . The duchy soon became a major rival to the crown. The court in Dijon outshone the French court both economically and culturally. Phillip the Bold's grandson Philip the Good acquired Namur , Hainaut , Brabant , and Holland in modern Belgium and the Netherlands . In 1477, at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars , the last duke Charles
759-611: The extinction of the Burgundian male line the duchy reverted to the King of France and the House of Valois . Following the marriage of Philip of Valois and Margaret III of Flanders , the Duchy of Burgundy was absorbed into the Burgundian State alongside parts of the Low Countries which would become collectively known as the Burgundian Netherlands . Upon further acquisitions of the County of Burgundy , Holland , and Luxembourg ,
792-487: The former duchy. In 2016, Burgundy and the historical region of Franche-Comté merged for administrative purposes into the new region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . The region of Burgundy is both larger than the old Duchy of Burgundy and smaller than the area ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy , from the modern Netherlands to the border of Auvergne . Today, Burgundy is made up of the old provinces: The climate of this region
825-591: The geographic area comprising the four departments of Côte-d'Or , Saône-et-Loire , Yonne , and Nièvre . The first recorded inhabitants of the area that was to become Burgundy were various tribes of Gallic Celts , the most prominent of which were the semi-republican Aedui , who were eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire following the Gaulish defeat in the Battle of Alesia . Gallo-Roman culture flourished during
858-518: The old market (les Halles), the Beffroi (clock tower), and the collegiate church of Notre Dame. Beaune is the main center for the "Burgundian tile" polychrome renaissance roofing style of the region. Because of its historical importance in wine production and the unique system of terroir in the region, the town of Beaune was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2015 as part of
891-484: The pre-Roman and Roman eras, through the medieval and renaissance periods. Beaune is a walled city, with about half of the battlements, ramparts, and the moat, having survived in good condition. The central "old town" or "vieille ville" is extensive. Historically Beaune is intimately connected with the Dukes of Burgundy . The 15th-century Hospices de Beaune , in the town center, is one of the best preserved renaissance buildings in Europe. Other landmarks in Beaune include
924-744: The region is famous for Dijon mustard , Charolais beef , Bresse chicken , the Burgundian dishes coq au vin and beef bourguignon , and époisses cheese. Tourist sites of Burgundy include the Rock of Solutré , the Hospices de Beaune , the Ducal Palace in Dijon, and many Renaissance and mediaeval châteaus, castles, churches and abbeys. Earlier, the southeastern part of Burgundy was heavily industrial, with coal mines near Montceau-les-Mines and iron foundries and crystal works in Le Creusot . These industries declined in
957-478: The second half of the twentieth century. The local dialect is known as Burgundian (Bourguignon); it is an Oïl language similar to Standard French but with some Franco-Provençal and Dutch influence. Subprefectures in France In France , a subprefecture ( French : sous-préfecture ) is the commune which is the administrative centre of a departmental arrondissement that does not contain
990-477: The source is in a public park at the north-east boundary. Beaune has a semi-continental climate with an oceanic tendency. The oceanic influence is seen with frequent rains in each season (though autumn has the most and summer the least) and many weather changes. On the other hand, one sees the semi-continental influence with one of the greatest seasonal temperature differences, characterized by cold winters with frequent snowfall, and hot summers with violent storms. It
1023-468: The surrounding regions. For example, Bresse chickens, Jura cheeses, small goods, spices, produce of every variety as well as seasonal specialties such as truffles. There is a smaller market on Wednesday, and special-event markets and fetes are held throughout the year. Although Beaune is not primarily a tourist town but one centred on the wine industry, it nevertheless attracts a large amount of tourists. About five traditional smaller hotels are located within
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1056-512: Was divided between the Duchy of Burgundy (to the west) and the Free County of Burgundy (to the east). The Duchy of Burgundy is the better known of the two, later becoming the French province of Burgundy, while the County of Burgundy became the French province of Franche-Comté . Burgundy's modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish Empire . In the 880s, there were four Burgundies:
1089-412: Was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The capital, Dijon , was wealthy and powerful, being a major European centre of art and science, and of Western Monasticism . In early Modern Europe, Burgundy was a focal point of courtly culture that set the fashion for European royal houses and their court. The Duchy of Burgundy was a key in the transformation of
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