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30-631: Bayezid II Mosque may refer to: Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque, Amasya Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bayezid II Mosque . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayezid_II_Mosque&oldid=1022116927 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Mosque disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

60-405: A hospice for wandering dervishes , the wings were integrated into the prayer hall in the sixteenth century and now consist of three consecutive rooms separated by archways. At the ends of these wings are the two minarets . Behind the mosque is a small garden, containing the türbe (tombs) of Sultan Bayezid II , his daughter Selçuk Hatun, and Grand Vizier Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha . Below

90-685: A minaret collapsed. The Fatih Mosque suffered damage to its four great columns and the dome was split. The quake also damaged the Rumeli Fortress , Anadolu Fortress , the Yoros Castle in Anadolu Kavağı, and the Maiden's Tower . Aqueduct of Valens , located near Şehzadebaşı and supplying water to the city, was affected, the part of the aqueduct near the Şehzade Mosque was damaged. The Grand Mosque of Hagia Sophia survived almost unscathed, although

120-527: A different style. As a result, the Beyazid complex is the oldest imperial complex in Istanbul that is preserved in more or less its original form, making it of considerable historical and architectural significance. The mosque was constructed between 1500 and 1505, with a külliye (religious and charitable complex) added immediately afterwards. This included a medrese (theological college), completed in 1507;

150-486: A large hamam (bathhouse) , completed some time before 1507; an imaret ( soup kitchen ); a caravanserai ; and several mausolea including the türbe of Bayezid II himself. The chief architect of the mosque is not directly known. Based on Ottoman documents that mention architects during Bayezit II's reign, 20th-century scholar Rıfkı Melül Meriç identified Yakubşah ibn Islamşah as the most likely architect. One of Yakubşah's assistants, Yusuf ibn Papas, finished off

180-690: A minaret collapsed. Inside the mosque, the plaster that had been used to cover up the Byzantine mosaics inside the dome fell off, revealing the Christian images. Damage occurred to the Hadım Ali Pasha Mosque, and six columns and the Obelisk of Theodosius in the Hippodrome collapsed. The number of dead and injured is hard to estimate, with different sources giving accounts varying from 1,000 to 13,000. It

210-484: A result of the earthquake which struck Istanbul in 1766. Extensive new restoration work was started in August 2012 and took eight years to complete. During the process inappropriate materials used during previous repairs were removed, and damaged materials were either cleaned or replaced. The restoration involved a team of approximately 150 people and cost 49 million Turkish liras (approximately US $ 7.2 million). The mosque

240-482: A smaller scale version of the Hagia Sophia . In addition to the central dome, the semi-domes to the east and west form a nave. To the north and south there are side aisles, each with four small domes, which extend the width of the mosque, but which are not divided into galleries. The dome is supported by huge rectangular piers, with smooth pendentives and stalactite decorations. The space is lit with twenty windows at

270-403: A tent set up in the palace garden , Bayezid II went to stay in the former capital of Edirne . The Ottoman Imperial Council ( Divan-ı Hümayun ) convened after the quake and made decisions to deal with the effects of the disaster. Constantinople had to be reconstructed and an additional tax of 22 akçe would be taken from each household for the task, it was decided. With the decree issued by

300-497: Is believed that some members of the Ottoman dynasty died in this earthquake. Aftershocks continued for 45 days after the earthquake, and people were unable to return to their homes for two months. The sultan's residence Topkapı Palace was not damaged but Bayezid II's bedroom collapsed at the tremor, with the sultan only saved by the fact he had left his chambers a few hours earlier to get up to prayer . After staying for ten days in

330-576: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bayezid II Mosque, Istanbul The Beyazid Mosque was commissioned by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II , and was the second large imperial mosque complex (or selatin mosque ) to be erected in Istanbul after the conquest in 1453. The earlier imperial complex, the Fatih Mosque , was later destroyed by earthquakes and completely rebuilt in

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360-606: Is mentioned in some sources with a run-up of greater than 6.0 m (19.7 ft), but discounted in others. The waves that surpassed the walls of the city and the Genoese Walls penetrated into the settlements. Especially in the Galata region, many houses were flooded. Seismologists and geologists believe that the tsunami observed in the Sea of Marmara was not only related to the earthquake, but also caused by seafloor landslides triggered by

390-455: Is roofed with 24 small domes and has a pavement of polychrome marble . The mosque itself is square measuring approximately 40 metres (130 feet) per side and its dome is approximately 17 metres (56 feet) in diameter. The central dome is supported by two semi-domes along the main axis and two arches running along the secondary axis. The mosque is constructed entirely of cut stone using coloured stones and marbles. The mosque interior resembles

420-689: The Anatolian plate and the Eurasian plate steps northwards to the west of Izmit from the Izmit Fault to the Ganos Fault. The pattern of faults within the Sea of Marmara basin is complex but near Istanbul there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west–east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW-SE trending and shows evidence of both normal and strike-slip motion. Movement on this fault, which bounds

450-695: The Quran , which the arrival of the Last Judgment with a terrible earthquake. The earthquake was allegedly predicted by an unnamed Greek monk from Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai while present in the Sultan 's court. European interpretations at the time viewed the earthquake as a sort of punishment, a punishment from God set upon the Turks for taking up arms against European Christians. Similarly, Sultan Bayezid II saw it as

480-479: The surface-wave magnitude scale. A tsunami and 45 days of aftershocks followed the earthquake. The death toll of this earthquake is poorly known; estimates range between 1,000 and 13,000. The Sea of Marmara is a pull-apart basin formed at a releasing bend in the North Anatolian Fault , a right-lateral strike-slip fault . This local zone of extension occurs where this transform boundary between

510-510: The Çınarcık Basin , was the most likely cause of the 1509 event. The earthquake occurred on September 10, 1509, in the northeast of the Sea of Marmara within the borders of the Ottoman Empire , and in the south of Prince's Islands , 29 km (18 mi) away from the capital Constantinople . It is thought that a fault ruptures between 70 km (43 mi) and 100 km (62 mi) from

540-475: The Sultan after the earthquake, a ban was placed on construction on filled ground and it was ordered that all buildings to be built in the capital be made of wood-frame material. Afterward, an empire-wide initiative was launched to reconstruct the city. Tens of thousands of workers, stonemasons and carpenters were brought to Istanbul from both Anatolia and Rumelia . Beginning on March 29, 1510, construction works in

570-452: The base of the dome and seven windows on each semi-dome, in addition to two tiers of windows on the walls. An elevated sultan's loge ( hünkâr mahfili ), located to the right of the mihrab , is supported by ten small marble columns which were reused from earlier Byzantine churches. On the west side, a broad extended corridor extends considerably beyond the main structure of the building. Originally designed as four domed cells to serve as

600-473: The city were undergone hastily and completed on June 1, 1510. Due to the endless aftershocks and the destruction and loss caused by the earthquake, Ottoman historians and the people described the disaster as Minor Judgment Day (Kıyamet-i Suğra). This phrase comes from an Islamic eschatological tradition that associates earthquakes with the apocalypse, referencing the Surah Al-Zalzala , the 99th chapter of

630-564: The earthquake. A turbidite bed whose deposition matches the date of the earthquake has been recognised in the Çınarcık Basin. Reports were sent to the capital that the earthquake caused damage even in Edirne , Çorlu , Gallipoli and Dimetoka , which were part of the Rumelia Province of the Empire. The area of significant damage (greater than VII ( Very strong ) ) extended from Çorlu in

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660-507: The garden is an arcade of shops ( arasta ), designed by Mimar Sinan in 1580 , whose rents were originally intended to support the mosque. It was extensively restored in the 1960s. In 1882 the former soup kitchen was converted into the State Library of Istanbul by Sultan Abdulhamid II ; it now houses over 120,000 books and 7000 manuscripts. The former medrese now houses a small Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art that has been closed to

690-508: The public for more than a decade. In 2022 this was undergoing restoration. The monumental Bayezid II Hamam was restored in the 2000s and early 2010s before being reopened as the Museum of Turkish Hamam Culture in 2015. Embedded in the lowest part of the walls are fragments of sculpture from the lost triumphal arch from the Forum of Theodosius , more remains of which are scattered on the ground across

720-437: The road from the mosque. During restoration of the hamam traces of an old Byzantine church beneath the hamam were uncovered. (See also: Ottoman architectural decoration ) 1509 Istanbul earthquake The 1509 Constantinople earthquake or historically Kıyamet-i Sugra ('Minor Judgment Day') occurred in the Sea of Marmara on 10 September 1509 at about 22:00. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 ± 0.3 on

750-566: The two architects' work. Little else is known about Yakubşah ibn Islamşah other than that he also built a caravansarai in Bursa . However, the polished style of the mosque suggests experience with earlier Ottoman and western architectural techniques. In 19th-century and early 20th-century accounts of the city it is often referred to as "the Pigeon Mosque" because of the large number of birds that congregated nearby to be fed by worshippers. The dome

780-454: The west to Izmit in the east. Galata and Büyükçekmece also suffered severe damage. In Constantinople 109 mosques were utterly destroyed, while most of those left standing suffered damage to their minarets. While 1070 homes collapsed, 49 towers along the Walls of Constantinople also collapsed or were damaged. The newly built Bayezid II Mosque was badly damaged; the main dome was destroyed and

810-679: The work on the medrese . That the architect was a nephew of the Greek architect of the Fatih Mosque ( Atik Sinan or Christodoulos), is known from a grant of Bayezid II. This grant confirms the endowment by Mehmed II of the Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols , the only church in Istanbul that was never converted into a mosque, to the mother of Christodoulos (the Bayezid II Mosque's architect's grandmother) in acknowledgment of

840-519: The Çınarcık Basin of the North Anatolian Fault Line to the Gulf of Izmit in the east of the Sea of Marmara. Major shocks occurred at half-hour intervals and were violent and protracted in nature, forcing residents to seek refuge in open parks and squares. Aftershocks were said to have continued for 18 days without causing any further damage but delayed reconstruction in some areas. A tsunami

870-454: Was partially rebuilt after an earthquake in 1509 , and Mimar Sinan conducted further repairs in 1573–74. The minarets were burned separately by fires in 1683 and 1754. They were also damaged by a lightning strike in 1743. A document dated October 1754 states that a special type of stone was brought from Karamürsel to repair the mosque. An inscription above the courtyard entrance suggests that repairs were also carried out in 1767 as

900-425: Was reopened for worship in 2020. The mosque is oriented along the northwest-southeast axis with a courtyard to the northwest with an area almost equal to that of the mosque itself. The courtyard has monumental entrance portals on three sides and is surrounded by a colonnaded peristyle supported by twenty columns. Two of the columns are made of porphyry , ten are of verd antique , and six are of pink granite . It

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