The Bay Miwok are a cultural and linguistic group of Miwok , a Native American people in Northern California who live in Contra Costa County . They joined the Franciscan mission system during the early nineteenth century, suffered a devastating population decline , and lost their language as they intermarried with other native California ethnic groups and learned the Spanish language .
64-485: The Bay Miwok were not recognized by modern anthropologists or linguists until the mid-twentieth century. In fact, Alfred L. Kroeber , father of California anthropology, who knew of one of their constituent local groups, the Saklan (Saclan), from nineteenth-century manuscript sources, presumed that they spoke an Ohlone ( a.k.a. Costanoan) language. In 1955 linguist Madison Beeler recognized an 1821 vocabulary taken from
128-1020: A Mediterranean climate , and contains microclimates , both of which are features of the greater Bay Area. In 2012, the USDA rated Hayward as a zone 10A climate. The 2010 United States Census reported that Hayward had a population of 144,186. The population density was 2,261.8 inhabitants per square mile (873.3/km ). The census determined racial and ethnic makeup of Hayward was 49,309 (34.2%) White , 17,099 (11.9%) African American, 1,396 (1.0%) Native American, 31,666 (22.0%) Asian (10.4% Filipino , 3.9% Chinese , 3.0% Indian , 2.7% Vietnamese , 0.5% Japanese , 0.5% Korean , 0.2% Cambodian , 0.1% Pakistani ), 4,535 (3.1%) Pacific Islander , 30,004 (20.8%) from other races , and 10,177 (7.1%) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58,730 persons (40.7%), giving Hayward an aggregate Hispanic/Latino plurality population as categorized by census determined racial and ethnic groups. 30.2% of Hayward's population
192-598: A council–manager government . Hayward's mayor is Mark Salinas , elected in November 2022. City Council and other government meetings are cablecast on cable TV channel KHRT-TV . The city received an "AA", and an "AA+" rating for its general obligations, from the Fitch Group in 2012. In July 2012, Hayward began working on an updated 25-year General Plan , which was adopted on July 1, 2014. The city last updated their General Plan in 2002. The Hayward Hall of Justice ,
256-476: A Saclan man at Mission San Francisco as representative of a Miwok language. The language was named "Bay Miwok" and its territorial extent was rediscovered during the 1960s (see Landholding Groups or Local Tribes section below). The Bay Miwok lived by hunting and gathering , and lived in small bands without centralized political authority. They spoke Bay Miwok also known as Saclan . They were skilled at basketry . The original Bay Miwok people's world view
320-733: A branch of the California Superior Court , is the largest full-service courthouse in Alameda County. According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Hayward has 70,194 registered voters. Of those, 39,327 (56%) are registered Democrats , 6,960 (9.9%) are registered Republicans , and 21,104 (30.1%) have declined to state a political party. Hayward has a large number of manufacturing companies, both corporate headquarters and plants. This includes some high-tech companies, with Hayward considered part of
384-888: A culture. In order to study these cultures, many anthropologists will live among the culture they are studying. Cultural anthropologists can work as professors, work for corporations, nonprofit organizations, as well government agencies. The field is very large and people can do a lot as a cultural anthropologist. Some notable anthropologists include: Molefi Kete Asante , Ruth Benedict , Franz Boas , Ella Deloria , St. Clair Drake , John Hope Franklin , James George Frazer , Clifford Geertz , Edward C. Green , Zora Neale Hurston , Claude Lévi-Strauss , Bronisław Malinowski , Margaret Mead , Elsie Clews Parsons , Pearl Primus , Paul Rabinow , Alfred Radcliffe-Brown , Marshall Sahlins , Nancy Scheper-Hughes (b. 1944), Hortense Spillers , Edward Burnett Tylor (1832–1917) and Frances Cress Welsing . Hayward, California Hayward
448-498: A flood. The names and general territorial areas of seven Bay Miwok-speaking land-holding groups have been inferred through indirect methods, based for the most part on information in the ecclesiastical records of missions San Francisco and San Jose. In a 1961 Ph.D. dissertation, James Bennyhoff used data from the Alphonse Pinart transcripts of the mission records to identify four more East Bay local territorial groups, in addition to
512-490: A freeway or build a 238 bypass have been controversial. One proposal, to build a freeway parallel to Mission Boulevard, extending a freeway south from 580 where it turns east towards Castro Valley, and connecting to Industrial Boulevard, had land purchased, but was cancelled in 2004 after years of debate. The land is now scheduled for sale and zoning. Mission, Jackson, and Foothill all converge at one congested intersection south of downtown, known historically as "Five Flags" for
576-416: A household in the city was $ 51,177, and the median income for a family was $ 54,712. Males had a median income of $ 37,711 versus $ 31,481 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,695. 10.0% of the population and 7.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Hayward has
640-536: A line of flagpoles located there. To alleviate congestion in the downtown area, the city has converted the A Street, Mission and Foothill triangle to one-way thoroughfares (counterclockwise), and is adding road improvements, landscaping, and telephone/cable undergrounding to Mission Boulevard south to Industrial Boulevard, and to Foothill Boulevard north to 580. The plan, known as the Route 238 Corridor Improvement Project, broke ground July 2010, completed rerouting in 2013, and
704-561: A northern extension of Silicon Valley . Manufacturing plants in Hayward include Annabelle Candy , Columbus Salame , the Shasta soft drink company, and a PepsiCo production and distribution center. Southland Mall is the largest shopping center in Hayward. The economy of Hayward in the first half of the twentieth century was based largely on the Hunt Brothers Cannery . The cannery
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#1732844985556768-425: A pickling factory; and a glass manufacturing plant. From the 1890s until its closure in 1981, Hunt's employed a large percentage of the local population. The air around Hayward was permeated by the smell of tomatoes for three months of each year, during the canning season. The canneries closed in 1981, as there were no longer enough produce fields or fruit orchards near the cannery to make it economically viable. Much of
832-535: A shift in the twenty-first century United States with the rise of forensic anthropology. In the United States, as opposed to many other countries forensic anthropology falls under the domain of the anthropologist and not the Forensic pathologist . In this role, forensic anthropologists help in the identification of skeletal remains by deducing biological characteristics such as sex , age , stature and ancestry from
896-945: A whole (Bay, Plains, Northern Sierra, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra) prior to Spanish contact, and 1,700 specifically for the Bay Miwok. A total of 859 Bay Miwok speakers were baptized at the Franciscan missions (479 at Mission San Francisco and 380 at Mission San Jose ), most between 1794 and 1812. By the end of 1823, only 52 of the Mission San Francisco Bay Miwoks were still alive, along with 11 of their Mission-born children. No comparable data are available for Mission San Jose that year, but by 1840 only 20 Bay Miwok people were alive there. Late nineteenth century survivors from both missions intermarried with people from other language groups. Descendants are alive today (see Present Day section below). The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of
960-594: A wider range of professions including the rising fields of forensic anthropology , digital anthropology and cyber anthropology . The role of an anthropologist differs as well from that of a historian . While anthropologists focus their studies on humans and human behavior, historians look at events from a broader perspective. Historians also tend to focus less on culture than anthropologists in their studies. A far greater percentage of historians are employed in academic settings than anthropologists, who have more diverse places of employment. Anthropologists are experiencing
1024-595: Is artificial intelligence . Cyber anthropologists study the co-evolutionary relationship between humans and artificial intelligence. This includes the examination of computer-generated (CG) environments and how people interact with them through media such as movies , television , and video . Culture anthropology is a sub-field of anthropology specializing in the study of different cultures. They study both small-scale, traditional communities, such as isolated villages, and large-scale, modern societies, such as large cities. They look at different behaviors and patterns within
1088-507: Is projected to increase from 7,600 to 7,900 between 2016 and 2026, a growth rate just under half the national median. Anthropologists without doctorates tend to work more in other fields than academia , while the majority of those with doctorates are primarily employed in academia. Many of those without doctorates in academia tend to work exclusively as researchers and do not teach. Those in research-only positions are often not considered faculty. The median salary for anthropologists in 2015
1152-802: Is a city located in Alameda County, California , United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area . With a population of 162,954 as of 2020, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 36th most populous municipality in California . It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by
1216-492: Is located there. Stokes Landing , Hayward Heath , and Eden Landing were communities now within Hayward city limits. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 63.7 square miles (165 km ). 45.3 square miles (117 km ) of it is land and 18.4 square miles (48 km ) of it (comprising 28.9%) is water. The Hayward Fault Zone runs through much of Hayward, including
1280-508: Is one of the most specialized and competitive job areas within the field of anthropology and currently has more qualified graduates than positions. The profession of Anthropology has also received an additional sub-field with the rise of Digital anthropology . This new branch of the profession has an increased usage of computers as well as interdisciplinary work with medicine , computer visualization, industrial design , biology and journalism . Anthropologists in this field primarily study
1344-466: Is some disagreement as to how it was named. Most historians believe it was named for William Dutton Hayward , who opened a hotel there in 1852. The U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System states the city was named after Alvinza Hayward , a millionaire from the California Gold Rush . Regardless of which Hayward the area was named for, the name was changed to "Haywood" when
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#17328449855561408-578: The Maidu and other northern California tribes. The specific myths, legends, tales, and histories of the Bay Miwok are not well documented. C. Hart Merriam published a creation story, The Birth of Wek-Wek and the Creation of Man , centered on Mt. Diablo , that was told by a Hool-poom'-ne Miwok, perhaps a descendant of the Julpun Bay Miwok of Marsh Creek, eastern Contra Costa County. One might suspect that
1472-697: The Nimitz Freeway), Interstate 580 with a major intersection near downtown connecting State Route 238 and Interstate 238, State Route 92 (Jackson Street) and State Route 238 (Mission Boulevard/Foothill Boulevard). State Route 92 continues west as the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge. The intersection of 880 and 92 was reconstructed over a four-year period, with completion of the project in October 2011. Mission Boulevard has been long known for chronic traffic congestion. Past proposals to convert Mission Boulevard to
1536-482: The Saclan , as members of this unique Miwok language group. "The major clues to the linguistic affiliation of these river mouth tribelets are provided by the personal names of female neophytes recorded in the baptismal registers ... Ompin, Chupcan, Julpun, and Wolwon [Volvon-ed.] are linked together by the use of a distinctive constellation of endings which appear in female personal names," he wrote. Milliken subsequently used
1600-542: The US Census . It is located primarily between Castro Valley , San Leandro and Union City , and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge . The city was devastated early in its history by the 1868 Hayward earthquake . From the early 20th century until the beginning of the 1980s, Hayward's economy was dominated by its now defunct food canning and salt production industries. Human habitation of
1664-433: The biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively. Anthropologists usually cover a breadth of topics within anthropology in their undergraduate education and then proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at the graduate level . In some universities, a qualifying exam serves to test both
1728-447: The skeleton . However, forensic anthropologists tend to gravitate more toward working in academic and laboratory settings, while forensic pathologists perform more applied field work. Forensic anthropologists typically hold academic doctorates , while forensic pathologists are medical doctors. The field of forensic anthropology is rapidly evolving with increasingly capable technology and more extensive databases. Forensic anthropology
1792-714: The 1770 population of the Plains and Sierra Miwok (but excluding the Bay Miwok, about whom he was not aware) at 9,000. Sherburne Cook carried out a more specific analysis of contact-period population in Alameda and Contra Costa counties west of the San Joaquin Valley, without regard to the Ohlone-Bay Miwok language boundary; he suggested a total population of 2,248. Richard Levy estimated 19,500 people for all five Eastern Miwok groups as
1856-511: The Bay Area in 1972, with stations in downtown Hayward and south Hayward . The Hunt Brothers Cannery closed in 1981. The city's downtown area was slated for redevelopment in 2012 and 2013, with landscaping , new businesses opening up, and older ones getting façade upgrades. Warren Hall on the California State University, East Bay campus was demolished in 2013. The Russell City Energy Center began operating in 2013 at
1920-495: The Bay Miwok tribes exists from California Mission records as early as 1794. Spanish-American Franciscans set up Catholic missions in the Bay Area in the 1770s, but did not reach the Bay Miwok territory until 1794. Beginning in 1794, the Bay Miwoks were forced to migrate to the Franciscan missions, most to Mission San Francisco de Asís (of San Francisco ), but some others to Mission San José (in present-day Fremont ). All but
1984-524: The Hayward Hills in 1957. Southland Mall was dedicated in 1964. The second San Mateo–Hayward Bridge opened in 1967. The City Center Building opened in 1969 and acted as the new city hall until 1989 when the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damaged the building and forced the city government to move out. The building was closed to the public in 1998, with the new Hayward City Hall opening the same year. The "Bay Area Rapid Transit" system began operating in
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2048-546: The Hayward shoreline. In May 2015, the city's former shoreline landfill was declared a site for conversion to a solar farm , set to generate enough electricity to power 1,200 homes. It will be one of 186 sites in the Regional Renewable Energy Procurement Project . In October 2015, construction began for the Hayward 21st Century Library and Heritage Plaza. The library opened in September 2019, and
2112-590: The Ompin and Julpun in the northeast were at the missions by the end of 1806; the latter two groups moved to Mission San José during the 1810-1812 period. The first baptisms and emigration to the missions of each tribe were: Missionary linguist Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta obtained the only extant Bay Miwok vocabulary during a visit to Mission San Francisco in 1821. Estimates for the precontact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California .) Alfred L. Kroeber put
2176-475: The San Francisco Bay Area states that it includes the descendants of various Bay Miwok and Ohlone groups, including the previously federally recognized Verona Band of Alameda County . The Bureau of Indian Affairs denied the tribe's request for federal recognition in 2002, and other tribal groups have disputed their land claims. Anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in
2240-547: The Yrgin of present-day City of Hayward and Castro Valley , had Chochenyo Ohlone signature female name endings, rather than Bay Miwok name endings. Yet they were so highly intermarried with the Jalquin that it seems possible that they and the Jalquin formed a single bilingual local tribe. Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Francis Drake . Identification and references to
2304-402: The acquisition of consent, transparency in research and methodologies and the right to anonymity. Historically, anthropologists primarily worked in academic settings; however, by 2014, U.S. anthropologists and archaeologists were largely employed in research positions (28%), management and consulting (23%) and government positions (27%). U.S. employment of anthropologists and archaeologists
2368-441: The age of 18 living in them, 21,720 (47.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,495 (16.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,344 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,037 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 421 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 9,359 households (20.6%) were made up of individuals, and 3,193 (7.0%) had someone living alone who
2432-445: The apostrophe before the "s". This change occurred in 1880. It remained "Haywards" until 1910 when the "s" was officially dropped. William Hayward died in 1891. Hayward grew steadily throughout the late 19th century, with an economy based on agriculture and tourism. Important crops were tomatoes, potatoes, peaches, cherries, and apricots. Hunt Brothers Cannery opened in 1895. Chicken and pigeon raising also played important roles in
2496-450: The breadth and depth of a student's understanding of anthropology; the students who pass are permitted to work on a doctoral dissertation. Anthropologists typically hold graduate degrees, either doctorates or master's degrees. Not holding an advanced degree is rare in the field. Some anthropologists hold undergraduate degrees in other fields than anthropology and graduate degrees in anthropology. Research topics of anthropologists include
2560-600: The city to the San Francisco Peninsula . During the 1930s, the Harry Rowell Rodeo Ranch, now within the bounds of Castro Valley , drew rodeo cowboys from across the continent, and Western movie actors such as Slim Pickens and others from Hollywood. Prior to World War II , Hayward had a high concentration of Japanese Americans , who were subject to the Japanese-American internment during
2624-563: The city was 42.95% White, 10.98% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 18.98% Asian, 1.91% Pacific Islander, 16.81% from other races, and 7.52% from two or more races. 34.17% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 44,804 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who
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2688-440: The discovery of human remains and artifacts as well as the exploration of social and cultural issues such as population growth, structural inequality and globalization by making use of a variety of technologies including statistical software and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) . Anthropological field work requires a faithful representation of observations and a strict adherence to social and ethical responsibilities, such as
2752-538: The downtown area. The United States Geological Survey has stated that there is an "increasing likelihood" of a major earthquake on this fault zone, with potentially serious resulting damage. The San Lorenzo Creek runs through the city. Hayward borders on many municipalities and communities. The cities bordering on Hayward are San Leandro , Union City , Fremont , and Pleasanton . The census-designated places bordering on Hayward are Castro Valley , San Lorenzo , Cherryland , Sunol , and Fairview . Hayward has
2816-528: The economy. A rail line between Oakland and San Jose , the South Pacific Coast Railroad , was established but later destroyed in the 1868 earthquake . The Hayward shore of the Bay was developed into extensive salt evaporation ponds, and was one of the most productive areas in the world, with Leslie Salt being one of the largest companies. The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge opened in 1929, connecting
2880-404: The evolution of human reciprocal relations with the computer-generated world. Cyber anthropologists also study digital and cyber ethics along with the global implications of increasing connectivity. With cyber ethical issues such as net neutrality increasingly coming to light, this sub-field is rapidly gaining more recognition. One rapidly emerging branch of interest for cyber anthropologists
2944-466: The full corpus of Bay Miwok mythology and sacred narrative shared the motifs that the linguistically related and better-documented ethnographic Coast Miwok and Sierra Miwok held in common. All Miwok peoples believed in animal and human spirits, and saw the animal spirits as their ancestors. Coyote was seen as the representation of their creator god . The Sierra and Plains Miwok, as well as the Bay Miwok, believed this world began at Mount Diablo , following
3008-514: The greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from at least 4000 BC. The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native American Ohlone people . In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of Rancho San Lorenzo , a Spanish land grant to Guillermo Castro , in 1841. The site of his home was on the former El Camino Viejo , or Castro Street (now Mission Boulevard ) between C and D Streets, but
3072-419: The plaza was originally expected to open sometime in 2019. Mount Eden was a former city that was incorporated into Hayward in the 1950s, at the same time as Schafer Park . Russell City was a former unincorporated community. It existed from 1853 until 1964. It is now the location of an industrial park. The Russell City Energy Center , a 429-megawatt natural gas-fired power plant built by Calpine ,
3136-463: The ponds appears on a 2012 U.S. postage stamp. The Mervyns department store chain was headquartered in Hayward until it declared bankruptcy in 2008. According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were (in alphabetical order): † indicates employers wholly located or headquartered in Hayward Hayward is served by Interstate 880 (also known as
3200-458: The post office was first established in 1860. William Hayward eventually became the road commissioner for Alameda County . He used his authority to influence the construction of roads in his own favor. He was also an Alameda County supervisor. In 1876, a town was chartered by the State of California under the name of "Haywards". The name of the post office was then able to change because of the loss of
3264-460: The practice of anthropology . Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies . Social anthropology , cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms, values, and general behavior of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical) , forensic and medical anthropology study
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#17328449855563328-612: The production was moved to the Sacramento Valley . The location of the former canneries is marked by a historic water tower with the Hayward logo. A housing development now occupies much of the former cannery site. Gillig , a bus manufacturer, was located in Hayward for more than 80 years before moving to Livermore in 2017. Much of the Bay coastal territory of Hayward was turned into salt ponds, with Oliver Salt and Leslie Salt operating there. Much of this land has in recent years been returned to salt marshes . A 1983 image of
3392-452: The same technique, applied to the original mission records, to identify two additional local tribes—Jalquin and Tatcan—as Bay Miwok speakers. Milliken then inferred and mapped the relative locations of all seven groups, using clues from historic diaries together with mission register information regarding intermarriage patterns among East Bay local tribes. The locations of the seven Bay Miwok local tribes are generally as follows: Another group,
3456-504: The spirit world, and, in some areas, an annual mourning ceremony. Varying forms of the Kuksu Cult were shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as their neighbors the northern Ohlone , Maidu , Patwin , Pomo , and Wappo . However Kroeber observed less "specialized cosmogony " in the Miwok, which he termed one of the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups", in comparison to
3520-568: The structure was severely damaged in the 1868 Hayward earthquake , with the Hayward Fault running directly under its location. Most of the city's structures were destroyed in the earthquake, the last major earthquake on the fault. In 1930, that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall , which served the city until 1969. Hayward was originally known as "Hayward's", then as "Haywood", later as "Haywards", and eventually as "Hayward". There
3584-433: The war. The war brought an economic and population boom to the area, as factories opened to manufacture war material. Many of the workers stayed after the end of the war. Two suburban tract housing pioneers, Oliver Rousseau and David D. Bohannon , were prominent builders of postwar housing in the area. The Hayward Area Recreation and Park District was formed in 1944. California State University, Hayward opened in
3648-558: Was Mexican , 2.5% Salvadoran , 1.5% Puerto Rican , 1.2% Nicaraguan , 1.0% Honduran , 0.5% Peruvian , and 0.2% Cuban . Hayward is the second most diverse city in the state by Census figures. It has been ranked nationwide as highly diverse, in combination with Oakland and Fremont. The Census reported that 141,462 people (98.1% of the population) lived in households, 1,954 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 770 (0.5%) were institutionalized. There were 45,365 households, out of which 18,284 (40.3%) had children under
3712-497: Was $ 62,220. Many anthropologists report an above average level of job satisfaction. Although closely related and often grouped with archaeology, anthropologists and archaeologists perform differing roles, though archeology is considered a sub-discipline of anthropology . While both professions focus on the study of human culture from past to present, archaeologists focus specifically on analyzing material remains such as artifacts and architectural remains. Anthropology encompasses
3776-417: Was 33.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. There were 48,296 housing units at an average density of 757.6 units per square mile (292.5 units/km ), of which 45,365 were occupied, of which 23,935 (52.8%) were owner-occupied, and 21,430 (47.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate
3840-450: Was 6.6%. About 75,039 people (52.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 66,423 people (46.1%) lived in rental housing units. The 2000 Census reported there were 140,030 people, 44,804 households, and 31,945 families in the city. The population density was 1,219.6/km (3,159/sq mi). There were 45,922 housing units at an average density of 400.0 units/km (1,036 units/sq mi). The racial and ethnic makeup of
3904-436: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.58. The population profiled by age was 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males. The median income for
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#17328449855563968-438: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 persons. There were 32,559 families (71.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.60 persons. The city's age demographics were 35,379 people (24.5%) under the age of 18, 16,064 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 44,005 people (30.5%) aged 25 to 44, 34,096 people (23.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 14,642 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
4032-725: Was a form of Shamanism . As they were centrally located along an arc of Miwok-speaking groups across Central California, the Bay Miwok probably shared the Kuksu religion ceremonial motifs common to both the Coast Miwok to the west and Plains Miwok to the east. The Kuksu religion (dubbed the Kuksu Cult by early historians) included a cycle of elaborate dancing ceremonies, each with its own group of actors and distinctive feather-decorated regalia, an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms, puberty rites of passage , shamanic intervention with
4096-419: Was opened in Hayward in 1895 by brothers William and Joseph Hunt, who were fruit packers originally from Sebastopol , California. The Hunts initially packed local fruit, including cherries, peaches, and apricots, then added tomatoes, which became the mainstay of their business. At its height in the 1960s and 1970s, Hunt's operated three canneries in Hayward, at A, B, and C Streets; an adjacent can-making company;
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