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22-554: The Batu Tarsilah occupies a 20 square feet (1.9 m) space close to the Kubah Makam Di Raja in Bandar Seri Begawan , and is 4 feet (1.2 m) high, 3½ feet broad, and 6 inches (150 mm) thick. It uses chiselling soft porous sandstone to record Brunei's royal lineage from Muhammad Shah to Muhammad Tajuddin . With a border of pucuk paku (fern) and the kayapu ( Pistia stratiotes ) flower gracing

44-480: A decade later, Allen Maxwell's Raja Muda spelling more closely aligned with modern usage. It appears Low's choices may have been influenced by British phonetics . Amin Sweeney supports the date of 2 Zulhijjah, A.H. 1221, as corresponding to 8 February 1807, based on Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas 's calculations that account for calendar differences. Although Low recorded this date as marking Muhammad Tajuddin's death,

66-459: A hill overlooking Kampong Ayer was built during the reign of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III in 1965. The building's architecture is a combination of Islamic , Modern and local Malay styles. Beside the main mausoleum, there were also 3 smaller domed mausoleum around the compound. As of May 2021, a new expansion has been made for the Royal Mausoleum, which follows the same architecture as

88-512: A national Memory of the World committee, which this program supports. Kubah Makam Di Raja The Royal Brunei Mausoleum ( Malay : Kubah Makam Diraja Brunei ) is a Royal Mausoleum of Brunei located at Jalan Tutong, Bandar Seri Begawan , Brunei . The Mausoleum is the main resting place and burial ground for several Sultans of Brunei and members of the Royal Family. The Royal Mausoleum

110-595: Is the Bruneian language authority of the country's official language Malay . It is also the operator of public libraries in the country. It was established in 1960 and is now a government department under the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports . The establishment of the Lembaga Bahasa ( Language Board ) began with the approval of an usul ( motion ) during a Legislative Council meeting on 18 April 1960. The motion

132-534: The Batu Tarsilah as one of the country's most important documentary legacies. The purpose of the event, which was hosted by Brunei's National Archives on 18 September 2019, was to raise awareness of UNESCO 's Memory of the World Programme , which is dedicated to conserving documentary history. In order to better preserve its documentary legacy and interact with regional and global networks, Brunei wants to form

154-519: The Brunei Malay language , the de facto lingua franca in Brunei. The dictionary was first published in 1991 and it is currently in its second edition, with entries over 15,000. The Dewan also publishes four journals, namely Bahasa, Beriga, Pangsura and Undang-Undang Syariah, as well as three magazines, namely Bahana, Juara Pelajar and Mekar. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei operates all public libraries in

176-423: The authority of Jabatan Pelajaran ( Department of Education ). On 1 January 1965, it was made into a separate department and eventually adopted the name Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka ( Language and Literature Bureau ). In 1984, the agency was subsumed under the authority of the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports . Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei publishes Kamus Bahasa Melayu Brunei , the official dictionary of

198-526: The book Perpuspaan — 1 Ogos, 1968 as 1807; however, Language and Literature Bureau later changed this to A.H. 1219, equivalent to 1804 AD , which is consistent with sources that show his reign lasted six to nine months. This brief reign is confirmed by the fact that he took the throne on 15 Muharram , A.H. 1219 (27 April 1804) and died on 6 Sha'ban , A.H. 1219 (10 November 1804). Previous Low records that place Muhammad Jamalul Alam I's death in 1796 are incorrect since his father, Muhammad Tajuddin, succeeded to

220-764: The importance of this genealogy for future generations. The manuscript includes information about its author and the writing date in the colophon , indicating the Sultan's directive for its documentation, along with sources detailing its historical context. The Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei , originally authored by Datu Imam Yaakub and continued by Pehin Khatib Abdul Latif, was transcribed by Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong Seri Lela Awang Aminuddin on 5 November 1841 with Omar Ali Saifuddin II 's permission. It

242-521: The initial one. This expansion has been made to accommodate more graves for the ruling royal family. Four of Brunei’s Sultans were buried inside the main dome while the other six sultans were buried outside of the main dome. Language and Literature Bureau 4°55′22″N 114°55′37″E  /  4.922877°N 114.926960°E  / 4.922877; 114.926960  ( Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei ) The Language and Literature Bureau ( Malay : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka , DBP )

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264-439: The lineage, which is where the genealogical knowledge originates. Hugh Low added to Brunei's historiography in his 1880 book by assembling notes and translations on the country's royal ancestry, including a translation and transcription of the Batu Tarsilah . This ancient tablet documents Brunei's royal lineage and is housed in the royal makam damit (small graveyard). Low's transcription , completed on 1 June 1873,

286-582: The oldest Malay Islamic sultanate in the area, and encapsulating the ideals of the Melayu Islam Beraja is the Batu Tarsilah . This tablet shows how Islam played a crucial part in forming Brunei's cultural and historical identity and emphasizes the value of cooperation between leaders and academics in preserving the country's legacy. The "Memory of the World: Safeguarding Documentary Heritage in Brunei" workshop identified

308-629: The stone-carved Batu Tarsilah manuscript uses Jawi script in khat styles such as Nash , Thuluth , and Parsi . It connects Brunei with more general Malay academia and illustrates the Islamic influence in the Nusantara area through its writing in Classical Malay . The author's scholastic background is demonstrated by phrases like "Wallahu 'A'lam" and Hijri dates. In order to preserve Brunei's royal lineage and historical Islamic character,

330-417: The sultan's tomb only indicates the year A.H. 1221. Low likely learned from the royal family that the tablet was created per the Sultan's instructions. Lines 8–9 of the tablet mention Muhammad Tajuddin's order to Haji Khatib Abdul Latif to document this genealogy during his rule, though whether it was completed before or after his death remains unclear. Muhammad Jamalul Alam I's death date was first reported in

352-485: The tablet has two sides: the front with 24 inscribed lines and the back with 26 lines. The Batu Tarsilah manuscript begins directly with an explanation of its contents— the genealogy of the sultans of Brunei—without an Islamic invocation, possibly due to its role as a summary of the Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei . It opens with "Inilah salasilah Raja-Raja yang Kerajaan di Negeri Brunei..." and emphasises

374-568: The throne soon after his grandfather, Omar Ali Saifuddin I , died on 10 July 1795. As a result, 10 November 1804, the updated date, is acknowledged as accurate. As a representation of Malay ancestry and Islamic sovereignty, the Batu Tarsilah has great historical significance for Brunei. It was carved in 1807 as a more permanent and official form, but it was probably predated by written records on paper, which historian Sweeney argued existed before its carving. An essential primary source for tracing Brunei's royal ancestry, confirming its position as

396-429: The upper borders, the stone, which was designed by Pehin Khatib Abdul Latif, has floral designs that represent wealth. One side's shoulder tip is damaged, perhaps by falling trees. The tombstone of Muhammad Tajuddin, is located on low land about 3 yards (2.7 m) distant on the northeastern side, whereas the tomb of Muhammad Jamalul Alam I is located on the same high ground as the tablet. Like other Malay manuscripts,

418-544: Was a component of a broader project that comprised individual historical documents describing Brunei's monarchs' lineage. Some errors in Low's transcription of the Batu Tarsilah likely stemmed from the unclear Jawi script on the stone itself or possibly from the manuscript he was working from. At that time, there was no standardised system for romanising Malay, so Low's transcriptions included variations like "nya" rendered as "nia," "ia" as "iya," and "menyuroh" as "meniurot." About

440-569: Was later recopied by Abdul Ghaffar bin Abdul Mu'min from Sarawak in November 1936. Meanwhile, the Batu Tarsilah , another critical genealogical record, was inscribed by Pehin Khatib Abdul Latif under Muhammad Tajuddin's orders on 2 Zulhijjah , A.H. 1221. Under the direction of Muhyiddin and Husin Kamaluddin, who ordered its transcription and supplied pertinent information, Datu Imam Yaakub chronicled

462-517: Was opened during the reign of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin I who later became the first monarch to be buried in the Mausoleum when he died in 1795. Before the establishment of the Royal Mausoleum, the past Sultans of Brunei were buried at Kianggeh Muslim Cemetery , Luba Royal Mausoleum , Pulau Chermin Royal Cemetery and Tanjong Kindana Royal Mausoleum . The large domed mausoleum building atop of

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484-455: Was to establish an independent body answerable to the government with the function of consolidating the status of Malay as the official language of Brunei, as enacted in the Constitution ( Perlembagaan ) which was promulgated in the previous year. However, it was later renamed to Bahagian Bahasa dan Pustaka ( Language and Literature Section ) in 1962. At the time it was established under

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