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39-570: Bassipterus ("wing from Bass ") is a genus of eurypterid , an extinct group of aquatic arthropods . Bassipterus is classified as part of the family Adelophthalmidae , the only clade within the derived ("advanced") Adelophthalmoidea superfamily of eurypterids. Fossils of the single and type species , B. virgnicus , have been discovered in deposits of the Late Silurian age in West Virginia and Maryland , United States . The genus

78-408: A lagoonal or restricted shallow subtidal (the area where sunlight reaches the bottom of the ocean ) environment. The lithology (description of the physical characteristics of the rocks) of the zone was composed of argillaceous (composed of clay-like materials) limestone and calcareous (containing calcium ) shale . Bass, West Virginia Bass is an unincorporated community on

117-420: A 15.2 millimeter (0.6 inch) long carapace, had eyes 4.5 mm (2 in) long and 2.2 mm (0.1 in) wide. The ocelli are preserved, and were placed in the center of the carapace, immediately behind the eyes. The metastoma (a large plate part of the abdomen ) was long, truncated (shortened as by cutting it) at the base and cordate (heart-shaped) in the anterior (frontal) part. One specimen preserves

156-777: A Home Guard Company commanded by Captain Sampson Snyder. In 1866, Adam Jr., corresponded with a law firm in Washington, DC to recover funds for his services "as a scout, as a spy, and a guard" and for losses the family suffered during the Civil War. Adam Wolfe Jr., and his first wife Rebecca See were the parents of four sons, John, George, Jacob, Anderson, and one daughter, Martha. Adam and his son John ("Mink") became well known blacksmiths admired for their unusual cow/ sheep bells constructed with welded seams. The rounded-corner bells were welded by placing pellets of brass in clay and putting this in

195-615: A body segment are referred to as sternites . Separate sclerites on the lateral aspects of body segments, the pleura , are called pleurites . Wide ranges of sclerites of various kinds occur in various invertebrate phyla , including Polychaeta and Mollusca . Two taxa that routinely have the term applied however, are the soft corals and the Porifera . In both those groups certain of their structures contain mineralised spicules of silica or calcium carbonate that are of importance structurally and in defense. Many other invertebrates grow

234-430: A complex termination of the genital appendage. Therefore, Pittsfordipterus is the sister group (closest relative) of Bassipterus . Bassipterus was also similar to Parahughmilleria , a derived adelophthalmid whose metastoma, telson and body were slightly differentiated. This has led some authors to synonymize Bassipterus with Parahughmilleria , though this is not currently supported. The cladogram below presents

273-461: A curious collection of early animals including a common spongelike animal called Chancelloria ; an armored slug-like form Wiwaxia ; an armored worm with a pair of brachiopod -like shells Halkieria ; and another armored worm Microdictyon that is generally considered to be a lobopod / onychophore . It has been suggested that the sclerites of the Cambrian Wiwaxia are homologous with

312-452: A few hard parts, largely mineralised, as statoliths and similar structures, but those are not generally referred to as sclerites. Clamps , the main attachment structure of the parasitic polyopisthocotylean monogenean flatworms, are composed of various sclerites and associated musculature, located on a posterior organ called the haptor . Clamps are specialized structures attached to the host fish, generally to its gill. A scleritome

351-487: A keel) dorsally towards the end, which was a very sharped point. The specimen PE 6208 had a 32.5 mm (1.3 in) long telson. The ornamentation in Bassipterus is well known and developed. The carapace was covered by triangular scales. The tergites and abdominal plates had mucrones (sharped points) typical of Adelophthalmidae , but these were considerably larger and more prominent than in related genera. In some places,

390-544: A little farming until the family was grown. He then bought The Valley News Agency which he operated until his death on October 4, 1944. Josephine, with only a few months schooling, operated it until she retired at the age of 75 years. She died April 17, 1985. Glaspy and Josephine are both buried in Olivet Cemetery at Moorefield, WV. ~ by Hester Wolfe Newhouse Since the first Wolfe Family Reunion held in 1919, "The West Virginia Hills" by Ellen Amanda King has been part of

429-413: A metastoma of 8.3 mm (0.3 in) in length and 5 mm (0.2 in) in width. Of the appendages (limbs), the swimming legs (sixth pair of appendages) are the only known ones. These were of Hughmilleria -type (with enlarged seventh and eighth leg segments and the ninth very small), but in this species , it was serrated along the anterior edge of the sixth to seventh joints. The terminal joint

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468-453: A niece, Blanch, whose mother died when she was six weeks old. The family is known for its longevity in family reunions with the first held on September 14, 1919, and the 70th held on September 3, 1989. ~ by Elizabeth Wolfe Whitener This is another story about Wolfe Mountain located about a mile off the South Fork road near what would later be Bass, West Virginia. Glaspy Valentine Wolfe was

507-427: Is a skeleton made of isolated elements, like the scales of organisms such as the halwaxiids , the teeth in a radula, spicules in a sponge skeleton, or the elements in a conodont apparatus. The term was coined by the palaeontologist Stefan Bengtson . Although sclerites are of considerable importance in the study of extant animals, in palaeontology they are of far greater relative importance because they often are

546-429: Is named after Bass, where most of the fossils have been recovered. Bassipterus was a well-known basal ("primitive") genus that was distinguished from the more derived adelophthalmids by the specialization of its genital operculum (a plate-like segment which contains the genital aperture) and its long and narrow eyes , being Pittsfordipterus ' s closest relative. Bassipterus is almost completely known, with

585-694: The South Fork South Branch Potomac River in Hardy County , West Virginia , United States. Bass lies along County Highway 7. Bass was so named, by Glaspy V. Wolfe, Postmaster, on account of there being bass fish in the nearby creek. During the great conflict from 1861 to 1865, most of the people of the South Branch Valley (later Hardy County) supported the Confederacy. However, sentiments of western Virginia were predominately for

624-401: The exocuticle , a process called sclerotization , or by incorporation of minerals such as calcium carbonate into regions of the exoskeleton, or both. Thus, the arthropod exoskeleton is divided into numerous sclerites, joined by less-sclerotized, membranous regions or sutures. Dorsal sclerites of a body segment, often plate-like, are known as tergites . Similarly the ventral sclerites of

663-530: The holotype (PE 6201, an almost complete specimen), seven paratypes and dozens of fragments. Most of the fossils were found in the Wills Creek Formation of Bass , West Virginia , as well as an isolated carapace of the same formation in Cumberland , Maryland (previously referred to Hughmilleria ). The name Bassipterus is translated as "wing from Bass", with the first word of the name referring to

702-563: The Home Guard sought to protect southern soldiers who sided with the North. "Paddy," a blacksmith and farmer, was well known for his home-brewed moonshine. With the use of a hot iron, a hammer and chisel, the center of a white oak log was hewn out to form a "yag," used for storing and transporting the brew. A slice of the log was shaped for a close fitting lid. Son, Adam Jr. b. 1819 d. 1893 and grandson George b. 1841 joined with other local men to form

741-866: The Late Ludlow ( Ludfordian ) and Early Pridoli epochs of the Wills Creek Formation of West Virginia and Maryland, United States . In the Marylander part of the formation, fossils of other eurypterids have been found, such as Eurypterus remipes or Waeringopterus cumberlandicus together with an indeterminate species of the ostracod Leperditia . On the other hand, in the West Virginian section, remains of W. cumberlandicus , Erettopterus exophthalmus , Parahughmilleria bellistriata and Stoermeropterus nodosus have been associated, as well as unclassified brachiopods and bivalves . Bassipterus lived in

780-540: The North, as were sentiments of the Wolfe (Wolf/ Woolf) family as they struggled to support the government and their country. The Home Guard of the North worked to prevent enlistment with the South, to provider safety for soldiers of the South who chose the North, to prevent confiscation of properties by the South, and to provide protection. By the mid-1700s the Wolfe family had settled on what has come to be known as Wolfe Mountain in

819-402: The South Fork area of the county. Adam Sr. ("Paddy") and Sophia Wolfe raised their sons, Adam Jr., James, Benjamin, Jacob, George, and daughters, Susan (Roby) and Sarah (Ruddle) in their two-story log cabin. The house had a tunnel constructed to open into a gulley in the not too distant woods. The hidden tunnel was well used during the conflict, as local Confederate soldiers sought refuge, and as

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858-488: The West Virginia hills! Oh, the hills, beautiful hills, How I love those West Virginia hills! Sclerite Sclerites may occur practically isolated in an organism, such as the sting of a cone shell . Also, they can be more or less scattered, such as tufts of defensive sharp, mineralised bristles as in many marine polychaetes . Or, they can occur as structured, but unconnected or loosely connected arrays, such as

897-452: The West Virginian unincorporated community of Bass and the last word composed of the Greek word πτερόν ( pteron , wing). Although Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster initially classified Bassipterus in the family Hughmilleriidae , Victor P. Tollerton, Jr. moved the genus along with others to the new family Adelophthalmidae. In 2004, the paleontologist Odd Erik Tetlie concluded that Bassipterus

936-461: The family tradition. Oh, the West Virginia hills! How majestic and how grand, With their summits bathed in glory, Like our Prince Immanuel's Land! Is it any wonder then, That my heart with rapture thrills, As I stand once more with loved ones On those West Virginia hills? Chorus Oh, the hills, beautiful hills, How I love those West Virginia hills! If o'er sea o'er land I roam, Still I'll think of happy home, And my friends among

975-405: The first to fifth pair of limbs and type B genital appendage being the only unknown body parts. The body had a lanceolate (lance-shaped) and streamlined shape. The prosoma ("head") was long, rounded and tray-shaped. The carapace ( dorsal plate of the head) was surrounded by a narrow marginal rim, with eyes placed frontally, placed intramarginally (within the margin) and unusually long. PE 6139,

1014-460: The foot of Wolfe Mountain. He built a small house and country store. This later became the Bass Post Office which he named after the fish in the river. August 19, 1909 he married Josephine Southerly, daughter of Abraham and Rose Ann Southerly. To this union were born eight children: Curtis, Eugene, Omer, Hester, Warren, Carl, Earl, and Ralph. Glaspy continued with the store and post office and

1053-907: The inferred phylogenetic positions of most of the genera included in the three most derived superfamilies of the Diploperculata infraorder of eurypterids (Adelophthalmoidea, Pterygotioidea and the waeringopteroids ), as inferred by Odd Erik Tetlie and Markus Poschmann in 2008, based on the results of a 2008 analysis specifically pertaining to the Adelophthalmoidea and a preceding 2004 analysis. Orcanopterus Waeringopterus Grossopterus Eysyslopterus Bassipterus Pittsfordipterus Nanahughmilleria Parahughmilleria Adelophthalmus Hughmilleria Herefordopterus Slimonia Erettopterus Pterygotus Acutiramus Jaekelopterus Bassipterus fossils have been recovered from Silurian deposits of

1092-433: The mineral "teeth" in the radula of many Mollusca , the valves of chitons , the beak of a cephalopod , or the articulated exoskeletons of Arthropoda. When sclerites are organised into an unarticulated structure, that structure may be referred to as a scleritome, a term largely used in paleontology . In Arthropoda , the hardening that produces sclerites is accomplished either by the cross-linking of protein chains in

1131-469: The mucrones touched each other and formed a rhombic ornamentation, while in others, they were so elongated that they resembled the linear striations present in the more derived ("advanced") genus Adelophthalmus . The morphology of the genital operculum (a plate-like segment which contains the genital aperture) allows an easy differentiation between Bassipterus and the other adelophthalmids. The type A genital appendage ( assumed to represent females )

1170-552: The only parts of an animal that fossilize at all, let alone well or clearly. Many extinct groups are known only from sclerites, leaving moot the question of what their gross anatomy might have looked like. An example of the use of the term in paleontology is to describe hollow calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium phosphate plates grown as body armor by a number of Early Cambrian animals. Unlike sponge spicules, Early Cambrian sclerites appear to be external armor rather than internal structural elements. Sclerites are found on

1209-606: The seams. As the bells were heated, the brass melted to seal the seam. The clay was removed leaving a smooth finished product. Bells were inscribed with the initial of the maker. John Harmonious Wolfe b. 1849 d. 1926 and Katie Ann Sherman (Catharine Ann Shireman) b. 1862 d. 1955 were married in 1879. They raised 14 children: Martha Delaware, Glaspy Valentine, Pleas Harmon, Lemual Price, Roxanna Eunice, Amby Kenneth, Blossie Chloe, Wilbur Vance, Ramon Orville, Courtney Dewey, Loring Dacy, Ira Roosevelt, Hazel Leota, and Melvin Paige. They also reared

Bassipterus - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-545: The second of fourteen children born to John Harman Wolfe and Katie Ann Sherman Wolfe. He was born on Wolfe Mountain on January 25, 1882. He attended grade school at the See School on South Fork. After finishing school, Glaspy, several brothers and a cousin went to Cumberland, Maryland to find employment. They went to work for the B&;O Railroad Company. Glaspy, as a brakeman on the line between Cumberland, MD and Pittsburgh, PA. It

1287-423: The train to McKeesport Station where they were met by an ambulance. He was taken to McKeesport hospital. There they had to finish amputating his legs. After a long recuperating period he was fitted with artificial legs. He later attended Catherman's Business School. At this time he was approximately 21 years old. Glaspy then returned to South Fork where he purchased a plot of ground from George Paskel located at

1326-426: Was a synonym of Parahughmilleria bellistriata and the more basal Stoermeropterus nodosus . Although subsequent authors have followed this study, the most accepted phylogenetic classification places Bassipterus together with Pittsfordipterus , forming a basal clade. Bassipterus is classified as part of the family Adelophthalmidae, the only clade ("group") within the superfamily Adelophthalmoidea . It

1365-401: Was a sharped spur. The mesosoma (comprising body segments 1 to 6) was tapered, with the first tergite (dorsal part of the segment) considerably narrower than the rest. The metasoma (comprising segments 7 to 12) followed the tapering of the mesosoma and ended in a long dirk-like telson (the posteriormost division of the body). The telson was smooth in the ventral part, but carinated (with

1404-513: Was long, reaching the second pair of abdominal plates, and was divided into three joints. The first had a short, triangular and hastate (with protruding lobes) portion followed by a tubular shaft that ended in two lateral triangular projections at the point of union with the following joint. The second joint was shorter and composed of three different areas. On both sides of the central shaft, two long narrow sclerites (hardened parts), possibly plates, lengthened themselves at their ends. The third joint

1443-415: Was on one of these runs that he was called by the blast of the whistle to come from the caboose to the engine at the front of the train, to take water at the water tower. When he finished and was making his way back over the cars to the caboose, he slipped on the ice and snow, and fell down between the engine and the first car. The complete train passed over him, mangling both legs. Glaspy was transported on

1482-428: Was originally described as a hughmilleriid, but since then it has been considered closer to Adelophthalmus than to Hughmilleria . Bassipterus and Pittsfordipterus form a basal ("primitive") group that differentiate them from the other adelophthalmids. This clade is backed by a pair of synapomorphies (shared characteristics different from that of their latest common ancestor ); relatively long and narrow eyes and

1521-457: Was very short and finished in two long points reminiscent of Eurypterus , a more basal genus. The appendage in its entirety was covered by triangular mucrones which pointed outwards. The genital operculum differentiates Bassipterus from other eurypterid genera and suggests a close relationship with Pittsfordipterus . Bassipterus virginicus was described by the paleontologists Erik Norman Kjellesvig-Waering and Kenneth Edward Caster based on

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