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14-507: According to one version, the name is derived from an ancient tribe called the Phasians (Phazians), mentioned in The Anabasis of the ancient Greek historian Xenofon (5-4th century BC). The name of this tribe seems to have survived in latter-day regional toponyms – Georgian Basiani , Greek Phasiane , Armenian Basean , and Turkish Pasin . In the 8th and 7th centuries BC the province

28-490: A joint nor vein is visible; in color they are sallow, as if affected with jaundice. Of all men they have the roughest voices, from their breathing an atmosphere which is not clear, but misty and humid; they are naturally rather languid in supporting bodily fatigue." The name of this tribe seems to have survived in the latter-day regional toponyms – Georgian Basiani , Byzantine Phasiane , Armenian Basean , and Turkish Pasin . This Georgian history -related article

42-653: A term that passed into Latin as chalybs , "steel". Sayce derived the Greek name Chalybe from Hittite Khaly-wa , "land of Halys River ". More than an identifiable people or tribe, "Chalybes" was a generic Greek term for "peoples of the Black Sea coast who trade in iron" or "a group of specialised metalworkers". The main sources for the history of the Chaldoi are accounts from classical authors, including Homer , Strabo , and Xenophon . In Xenophon's Cyropaedia , Cyrus

56-547: A tribe residing between Trebizond and Armenia . Despite the ancient Greeks connecting the Chalybes to Scythians, some modern historians argue the Chalybes were a Georgian tribe. Historian Kalistrat Salia claims the Georgian ethnicity of the Chalybes is "indisputable". According to Sallia, the Zans , a Kartvelian ethnic group from present-day Turkey, are their descendants. However,

70-487: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chalybes The Chalybes ( / ˈ k æ l ɪ b iː z / ; Ancient Greek : Χάλυβες/Χάλυβοι ; Georgian : ხალიბები ) and Chaldoi (Ancient Greek: Χάλδοι ; Armenian : Խաղտիք , romanized :  Xałtik' ) were peoples mentioned by classical authors as living in Pontus and Cappadocia in northern Anatolia during Classical Antiquity . Their territory

84-767: The Battle of Basian , Georgians defeated the army of the Rum Sultanate . The province was part of the Kingdom of Georgia, and then of Principality of Samtskhe until 1545, when Basiani was finally conquered by the Ottoman Empire . In the 17th century, it became a sanjak of Erzurum Vilayet . 39°54′N 41°36′E  /  39.9°N 41.6°E  / 39.9; 41.6 Phasians The Phasians ( Georgian : ფაზიელები Pazielebi ; Greek : Φασιανοί Phasianoi ; Latin : Phasiani ) were an ancient tribe located in

98-578: The Seljuk Turks under Ibrahim Yinal made their first incursion into the Byzantine frontier region of Iberia and defeated a combined Byzantine-Georgian army of 50,000 at the Battle of Kapetrou on 10 September 1048. Many of the eastern Byzantine territories were conquered by the Seljuk Turks between the 1070s and 1080s, but were then retaken by the Georgian King David IV . In the 13th century, at

112-434: The theme of Iberia with the capital at Theodosiopolis , forcing the successor Georgian Bagratid ruler Bagrat III to recognize the new rearrangement. Bagrat's son, George I , however, inherited a long-standing claim to David's succession. While Basil II was preoccupied with his Bulgarian campaigns, George gained momentum to invade Tao and Basiani in 1014, which caused unsuccessful Byzantine-Georgian wars . In 1048 and 1049,

126-681: The 10th century, the border between the Byzantine Empire and expanding early Georgian Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti went along the Aras river, therefore part of northern Basean/Basiani became a domain of the Georgian Bagratids . In 1001, after the death of David Kuropalates, Basean/Basiani were inherited by Byzantine Emperor Basil II, who annexed the Armenian lands (Tayk/Tao, Basean/Basiani), captured by King David Kuropalates to Byzantium and organized them into

140-875: The Great helps the Armenians and Chaldians resolve a dispute over agricultural land. In Roman times, the Chaldaei (homonymous but unrelated to the Semitic Chaldeans ) and Chalybes are mentioned by Plutarch ( Lucull. c. 14) as settled in Pontus and Cappadocia , or the Pontus Cappadocicus section of the Roman province of Pontus . Pliny the Elder mentioned the Armenochalybes,

154-535: The Phasians were in control of the long valley to the north of Cilligül Dağ, and lived in the neighborhood of the Chalybes and Taochi , presumably proto- Georgian tribes. In his classic work On Airs, Waters, and Places , the Greek physician Hippocrates described the Phasians, c. 400 BC, as having "shapes different from those of all other men; for they are large in stature, and of a very gross habit of body, so that not

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168-568: The eastern part of Pontus . The Greek commander Xenophon , who encountered them during his march through Asia Minor to the Black Sea (401–400 BC), places them on the river Phasis. Here, the Phasis of Xenophon is not the common Graeco-Roman designation for the modern day Rioni River in Georgia , but rather the sources of Araxes in what is now northeastern Turkey . At the time when Xenophon met them,

182-521: Was known as Chaldia , extending from the Halys River to Pharnakeia and Trabzon in the east and as far south as eastern Anatolia. According to Apollonius of Rhodes , the Chalybes were Scythians . The Chaldoi, Chalybes, Mossynoikoi , and Tibareni , are counted among the first ironsmith nations by classical authors. Χάλυψ , the tribe's name in Ancient Greek , means "tempered iron, steel",

196-552: Was part of Urartu known as Biani ("land of Bia/Bias"). It was then part of the Satrapy of Armenia and the subsequent Kingdom of Armenia . In 384, the region was contested by Rome and Sasanian Empire . The Persian commander Senitam Khusro defeated the Byzantines in the district of Phasiane, in 605/606. In the 7th century, the province was conquered by an Arab Caliphate . In the 9th century Basean became part of Bagratid Armenia . In

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