Naturalization (or naturalisation ) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth. The definition of naturalization by the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations excludes citizenship that is automatically acquired (e.g. at birth) or is acquired by declaration. Naturalization usually involves an application or a motion and approval by legal authorities. The rules of naturalization vary from country to country but typically include a promise to obey and uphold that country's laws and taking and subscribing to an oath of allegiance , and may specify other requirements such as a minimum legal residency and adequate knowledge of the national dominant language or culture. To counter multiple citizenship , some countries require that applicants for naturalization renounce any other citizenship that they currently hold, but whether this renunciation actually causes loss of original citizenship , as seen by the host country and by the original country, will depend on the laws of the countries involved. Arguments for increasing naturalization include reducing backlogs in naturalization applications and reshaping the electorate of the country.
83-557: The Baryshnikov Arts Center ( BAC ) is a foundation and arts complex opened by Mikhail Baryshnikov in 2005 at 450 West 37th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . The top three floors of the complex are occupied by the Baryshnikov Arts Center, which provides space and production facilities for dance, music, theater, film, and visual arts. The building also houses
166-492: A citizen of Israel. Because of Israel's relatively new and culturally mixed identity, Israel does not grant citizenship to people born on Israeli soil. Instead, the government chose to enact a jus sanguinis system, with the naturalization restrictions listed above. There is currently no legislation on second-generation immigrants (those born in Israel to immigrant parents). Furthermore, foreign spouses can apply for citizenship through
249-578: A dancer with ABT. Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new. As he observed, "It doesn't matter how high you lift your leg. The technique is about transparency, simplicity and making an earnest attempt." Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months. Several roles were created for him, including in Robbins's Opus 19: The Dreamer (1979), Frederick Ashton 's Rhapsody (1980), and Robbins's Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova . From 1990 to 2002, Baryshnikov
332-461: A distinction in the law of England and Wales between the subjects of the monarch and aliens: the monarch's subjects owed the monarch allegiance, and included those born in his or her dominions (natural-born subjects) and those who later gave him or her their allegiance (naturalised subjects). Today, the requirements for naturalisation as a citizen of the United Kingdom depend on whether or not one
415-620: A dramatic actor on stage, cinema, and television, has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer. After his 1974 defection, Baryshnikov never returned to the USSR . Since 1986, he has been a naturalized citizen of the United States. After Latvia declared independence on 4 May 1990 , he often returned there; in 2017, the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merit. In 1977, he received
498-418: A long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They have three children together: Peter, Anna (born 1992), and Sofia. He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not "believe in marriage in the conventional way", but he and Rinehart married in 2006. Baryshnikov endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 . On July 3, 1986, Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of
581-425: A major issue in the United States at the end of the 20th century. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 , while tightening border controls, also provided the opportunity of naturalization for illegal aliens who had been in the country for at least four years. Today, lawful permanent residents of the United States are eligible to apply for US citizenship after five years, unless they continue to be married to
664-464: A naturalized South African citizen is a privilege, not a right. Even after meeting all the requirements and going through the naturalization process, the minister holds the right to deny citizenship. Foreign spouses of South African citizens can apply for naturalization after two years of marriage, but is subject to potential denial of the minister. The minister can also grant citizenship to minors, if their parent applies for them. The minister also holds
747-533: A near relative with Chinese nationality, if they have settled in China, or if they present another legitimate reason. In practice, few people gain Chinese citizenship; as of 2010, China had only 1,448 naturalised Chinese in total. The naturalization process starts with a written application. Applicants must submit three copies, written with a ball-point or fountain pen, to national authorities, and to provincial authorities in
830-449: A new country. Of course, if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York, I would choose New York. But spiritually, somehow, I love Europe." On April 27, 2017, the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits. The application to the Latvian parliament, along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen,
913-555: A nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City . Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , in
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#1732852072847996-565: A period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979. Baryshnikov left the company to become ABT's artistic director in September 1980, and take time off for his injuries. Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director, a position he held until 1989. He also performed as
1079-536: A person to acquire their citizenship after birth, such as by marriage to a national – jus matrimonii – or by having ancestors who are nationals of that country, in order to reduce the scope of this category. However, in some countries this system still maintains a large part of the immigrant population in an illegal status, albeit with some massive regularizations. Examples include Spain under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 's government, and Italy under Silvio Berlusconi 's government. Myanmar and Uruguay are currently
1162-759: A principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . "Mr. B", as Balanchine was known, rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Rudolf Nureyev and Natalia Makarova . Baryshnikov's decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world. Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov, but he did coach him in his distinctive style, and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son , and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride. Baryshnikov performed with
1245-472: A profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center. He appears, uncredited, in the 2014 film Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit as Interior Minister Sorokin. In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater. His breakthrough performance in Broadway
1328-579: A result of Uruguay's unusual distinction between citizenship and nationality (it is the only country in the world that recognizes the right to citizenship without being a national), legal citizens have encountered problems with their Uruguayan passports at airports around the world since 2015. This is due to recommendations in the seventh edition of Doc. 9303 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which requires that travel documents issued by participating states include
1411-756: A similar condition previously. Commonwealth Act No. 473, the Revised Naturalization Law, approved June 17, 1939, provided that people having certain specified qualifications may become a citizen of the Philippines by naturalization. Republic Act No. 9139, approved June 8, 2001, provided that aliens under the age of 18 who were born in the Philippines, who have resided in the Philippines since birth, and who possess other specified qualifications may be granted Philippines citizenship by administrative proceeding subject to certain requirements. Naturalization in Russia
1494-775: A third nation and this Uruguayan interpretation, become de facto stateless. The following list is a brief summary of the duration of legal residence before a national of a foreign state, without any cultural, historical, or marriage ties or connections to the state in question, can request citizenship under that state's naturalization laws. The Australian Citizenship Act 1973 ended the preferential treatment for British subjects from 1 December 1973. People who became permanent residents from 1 July 2007 must have been lawfully resident in Australia for four years before applying for citizenship by conferral. Those who were present in Australia as permanent residents before 1 July 2007 remain subject to
1577-559: Is a Latvian-American dancer, choreographer, and actor. He was the preeminent male classical ballet dancer of the 1970s and 1980s. He subsequently became a noted dance director. Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , into a Russian family, Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with
1660-587: Is a success or not", he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976. "The new experience gives me a lot." He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance. From 1974 to 1978, Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre (ABT), where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . In 1978, Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as
1743-532: Is guided by articles 13 and 14 of the federal law "About Citizenship of Russian Federation" passed on May 31, 2002. Citizenship of Russia can be obtained in general or simplified order. To become a citizen in general order, one must be 18 years of age or older, continuously live in Russia as a permanent resident for at least five years (this term is limited to one year for valued specialists, political asylum seekers and refugees), have legal means of existence, promise to obey
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#17328520728471826-445: Is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award . Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials, one on ABC and one on CBS, in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively. During the 1970s and 1980s, he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of
1909-543: Is the spouse or civil partner of a citizen. An applicant who is a spouse or civil partner of a British citizen must: For those not married to or in a civil partnership with a British citizen, the requirements are: Persons who are not US citizens may receive citizenship through the process of naturalization, following the Congressional requirements in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Naturalized citizens have
1992-438: Is €255, while it is €51 per dependent minor child naturalised along with their parent. The fee may be waived in cases of extreme hardship or public interest. People who naturalise as German citizens must usually give up their previous nationality, as German law takes a restrictive approach to multiple citizenship . Exceptions are made for EU and Swiss citizens (provided that the law of their country of origin does not prohibit
2075-481: The American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn about George Balanchine 's neoclassical Russian style of movement. He then returned to the American Ballet Theatre, where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens of new works, including many of his own. His success as
2158-478: The Kennedy Center Honors . Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York. He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine, a famous, womanizing Russian ballet dancer, in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination. He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and
2241-547: The Latvian SSR , Soviet Union, now known as Latvia. His parents were ethnic Russians : his mother was Alexandra (a dressmaker; née Kiselyova) and his father was Nikolay Baryshnikov (an engineer). According to Baryshnikov, his father was a strict, nationalist military man, and his mother introduced him to theatre, opera, and ballet. She died by suicide when he was 12 years old. Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960, at
2324-514: The Malay language as well submitting the identity cards of two Malaysians who recommend the applicant for citizenship. As the Government of Malaysia does not recognise dual citizenship, those who seek naturalisation are needed to reside permanently in the country and renouncing their former country citizenship. The requirements are as follows: The Article 16 of 1957 Malaysian Constitution also stated
2407-767: The New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979. On July 8, 1978, he made his debut with George Balanchine 's and Lincoln Kirstein's company at Saratoga Springs, appearing as Franz in Coppélia . On October 12, 1979, Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchine's ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries. His tenure there coincided with
2490-660: The Orchestra of St. Luke's DiMenna Center for Classical Music. The building is a 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) complex which includes three theatre spaces. Ground was broken on the complex, then known as 37 Arts Theatre, as a commercial venture in July 2001. The first artist in residence with the BAC was Aszure Barton in May 2005, and the administrative offices opened in November 2005. The 37 Arts Theatre
2573-579: The Sundance Channel 's original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship. They discussed their lifestyles, sources of inspiration, and social projects. During the program, Waters visited Baryshnikov's Arts Center in New York City. The Hell's Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17, 2007, the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured
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2656-810: The Vilcek Prize in Dance . Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times: in 1996, with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010, with Ana Laguna; and in 2011, starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview, he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called
2739-458: The "Nationality" field. The lack of a naturalization path means that the Nationality field in legal citizens' passports indicates their country of birth, which Uruguay assumes to be their nationality of origin. Many countries do not accept passports issued by a country that declares the holder to be a national of another country. As a consequence, it has severely curtailed legal citizens' exercise of
2822-750: The 1934 Tydings–McDuffie Act reclassified Filipinos as aliens, and set a quota of 50 immigrants per year, and otherwise applying the Immigration Act of 1924 to them. The Magnuson Act repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. During the 1940s, 100 annual immigrants from British India and the Philippines were allowed. The War Brides Act of 1945 permitted soldiers to bring back their foreign wives and established precedent in naturalization through marriage . The Immigration Act of 1965 finally allowed people from all nations to be given equal access to immigration and naturalization. Illegal immigration became
2905-640: The KGB officer who followed Baryshnikov as an interpreter and gave Baryshnikov the paper. Soon, Baryshnikov joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role. He also announced that he would not return to the USSR. He later said that Christina Berlin, an American friend, helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London. His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada
2988-656: The Minister of the Interior, but have a variety of restrictions and are not guaranteed citizenship. People who fulfil all of the following criteria can obtain Luxembourg citizenship through naturalisation: Naturalisation in Malaysia is guided by the 1964 Malaysian Constitution . According to the law, those who want to be the country citizen should live in the country for a period of 10–12 years. The would-be-citizens are required to speak
3071-635: The Ministry of Public Security and the Public Security Bureau. Applicants must also submit original copies of a foreign passport, a residence permit, a permanent residence permit, and four two-and-a-half inch long pictures. According to the conditions outlined in the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China , authorities may also require "any other material that the authority believes are related to
3154-645: The Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors, including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show, presenting his favorite folktales, including Beauty and the Beast: A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video. On November 2, 2006, Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of
3237-581: The Soviet Union was to work with these innovators. On June 29, 1974, in Toronto while on tour with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Canada. As recalled by John Fraser, a ballet critic from Toronto who helped Baryshnikov to escape, Fraser wrote down phone numbers of people on a small piece of paper and hid it under his wedding ring. At a banquet after one show he managed to distract
3320-533: The United States. An 1894 law extended the same privilege to honorably discharged five-year veterans of the Navy or Marine Corps. Laws enacted in 1919, 1926, 1940, and 1952 continued preferential treatment provisions for veterans. Following the Spanish–American War in 1898, Philippine citizens were classified as US nationals, and the 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act granted US citizenship to natives of Puerto Rico . But
3403-523: The United States. Asked whether he felt like an American, he said, "I like to think like I'm a man of the world. I feel totally Parisian in Paris. Totally Parisian. I have my place here, a lot of close friends and collaborators here, whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them. Human business, not 'business' business. Paris was always the dream of my childhood. We grew up on French art, like all Russians. America, United States, North America—it's
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3486-496: The United States. They remained friends until Brodsky's death in 1996.) Baryshnikov has a daughter, Aleksandra "Shura" Baryshnikova (born 1981), from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met, he spoke very little English; they communicated in French instead. He eventually learned English by watching television. From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Lange's best friend. Baryshnikov has had
3569-551: The acquisition of another citizenship) and citizens of countries where renouncing one's citizenship is too difficult or humiliating (e.g. Afghanistan ), prohibitively expensive (e.g. the United States ) or legally impossible (e.g. Argentina ). The Grenadian Government grants citizenship of Grenada for the following reasons: The Indian citizenship and nationality law and the Constitution of India provides single citizenship for
3652-1121: The age of 12. In 1964, he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad (now St. Petersburg ). Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet, in 1967, dancing the "Peasant" pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikov's talent, particularly his stage presence and purity of technique, several Soviet choreographers, including Oleg Vinogradov, Konstantin Sergeyev, Igor Tchernichov, and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him. Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobson's 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he
3735-598: The application up to the time of admission to citizenship, and (3) during all the periods referred to in this subsection has been and still is a person of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States , and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States. The Naturalization Act of 1795 set the initial rules on naturalization: "free, White persons" who had been resident for five years or more. An 1862 law allowed honorably discharged Army veterans of any war to petition for naturalization after only one year of residence in
3818-458: The assent of the President of India on 7 January 2004 and came into force on 3 December 2004. The Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005 was promulgated by the President of India and came into force on 28 June 2005. Following these reforms, Indian nationality law largely follows the jus sanguinis (citizenship by right of blood) as opposed to the jus soli (citizenship by right of birth within
3901-509: The basic responsibilities and privileges of a South African citizen. The ability to communicate in one of the official languages of South Africa is also required. Applicants must show the intention to reside in South Africa after naturalization, and they are required to make a declaration of allegiance. The Constitution of South Africa states that national legislation must provide for the acquisition, loss and restoration of citizenship. Being
3984-475: The character in the first story, "Man in a Case," except that he teaches classical Greek and he's kind of eccentric and conservative. But then something happens to him that is unexpected. The second story, "About Love," provides an arresting contrast to the first work. At their core both stories are about love. And I think it's a romantic show in many respects that is perfect for Berkeley Rep's audience. On April 21, 2015, The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov
4067-458: The company toured the United States and Brazil. He has received three honorary degrees: on May 11, 2006, from New York University; on September 28, 2007, from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University; and on May 23, 2008, from Montclair State University. In late August 2007, Baryshnikov performed Mats Ek 's Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012, he received
4150-732: The end of March, the initiative had raised more than 1.2 million euros. Specials Also appeared in "Prodigal Son", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux", and "Other Dances", all Dance in America , PBS; Baryshnikov: The Dancer and the Dance , PBS; and Carmen , on French television. "Sex and the City: Aleksandr Petrovsky ", HBO Series Television work Series Television artistic director Specials Television choreographer Specials Naturalized citizen The massive increase in population flux due to globalization and
4233-696: The enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding. Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976, on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video . During the Christmas season of 1977, CBS brought Baryshnikov's ABT production of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker to television, with Baryshnikov in the title role, accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz. The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions, but Baryshnikov's version
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#17328520728474316-470: The entire country. The provisions relating to citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution are contained in Articles 5 to 11 in Part II of the Constitution of India. Relevant Indian legislation is the Citizenship Act 1955, which has been amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1986, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1992, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003, and Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003 received
4399-399: The five years immediately preceding the date of filing his application has been physically present therein for periods totaling at least half of that time, and who has resided within the State or within the district of the Service in the United States in which the applicant filed the application for at least three months, (2) has resided continuously within the United States from the date of
4482-406: The following criteria can obtain Spanish citizenship through naturalisation People who naturalise as Spanish citizens must usually give up their previous nationality, as Spanish law takes a restrictive approach to multiple citizenship. Chapter 2 of the South African Citizenship Act, enacted on October 6, 1995, defines who is considered a naturalized citizen at the time of the act and also outlines
4565-508: The following reasons. Indonesian nationality is regulated by Law No. 12/2006 (UU No. 12 Tahun 2006). The Indonesian nationality law is based on jus sanguinis and jus soli . The Indonesian nationality law does not recognize dual citizenship except for people under the age of 18 (limited double citizenship principle). After reaching 18 years of age individuals are forced to choose one citizenship (single citizenship principle). A foreign citizen can apply to become an Indonesian citizen with
4648-505: The following requirements: Any application for citizenship is granted by the President of Indonesia . Israel 's Declaration of Independence was made on 14 May 1948, the day before the British Mandate was due to expire as a result of the United Nations Partition Plan. The Israeli parliament created two laws regarding immigration, citizenship and naturalization: the Law of Return and the Israeli citizenship law . The Law of Return, enacted on July 15, 1950, gives Jews living anywhere in
4731-412: The formation of the True Russia foundation to support victims of the war in Ukraine . Baryshnikov condemned the Russian invasion and wrote an open letter to Vladimir Putin slamming his "world of fear". In his letter, Baryshnikov wrote that people of culture who promoted Russian art made more for Russia than Putin's "not-so-precise weapons". True Russia also aims to become a trilingual art platform. By
4814-454: The future must apply to the Minister of Home Affairs and must meet a slew of requirements. First, naturalization applicants must be over the age of 18 and must have been a permanent resident of South Africa for five years prior to application (prior to 2010, the permanent residence requirement was one year prior to application and for four out of the eight years prior to application). Applicants must also demonstrate good character and knowledge of
4897-475: The laws and Constitution of Russia and be fluent in the Russian language . There is also a possibility to naturalize in a simplified order, in which certain requirements will be waived. Eligible for that are people, at least one parent of whom is a Russian citizen living on Russian territory; people, who lived on the territories of the former Soviet republics but never obtained citizenships of those nations after they gained independence; people, who were born on
4980-431: The massive influx of stateless people which followed massive denationalizations and the expulsion of ethnic minorities from newly created nation states in the first part of the 20th century. Since World War II , the increase in international migrations created a new category of migrants, most of them economic migrants . For economic, political, humanitarian and pragmatic reasons, many states passed laws allowing
5063-484: The nationality application". People who fulfil all of the following criteria can obtain French citizenship through naturalisation: The fee for naturalisation is €55, except in French Guiana , where it is €27.50. People who fulfil all of the following criteria can obtain German citizenship through naturalisation: The dependent minor children of an applicant for naturalisation may also themselves become naturalised German citizens. The fee for standard naturalisation
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#17328520728475146-438: The naturalization process for future immigrants. Any person who immediately prior to the commencement of the act had been a South African citizen via naturalization, had been deemed to be a South African citizen by registration, or had been a citizen via naturalization of any of the former states now composing South Africa is now considered to be a naturalized citizen of South Africa. Those wishing to apply for naturalization in
5229-568: The only countries in the world that deny immigrants any path to naturalization. Uruguayan legal citizenship has special characteristics. A person who acquires it retains their nationality of origin, which is determined by Uruguayan law to be that of their country of birth and therefore, is immutable. Legal citizens acquire political rights but do not acquire Uruguayan nationality as natural citizens do. According to Uruguayan law, those born in Uruguay or whose parents or grandparents are Uruguayan natural citizens are considered to be Uruguayan nationals. As
5312-479: The power to revoke naturalization at any time for specific reasons listed in the Act. Reasons for revoking the naturalization certificate include marrying someone who is a citizen of another country and holding citizenship in another country, or applying for citizenship of another country without prior authorization for retention of citizenship. If a permanent resident is denied naturalization, he or she must wait at least one year before reapplying. There has always been
5395-424: The previous residence requirement (in force since 1984, e.g. resident for two years). The People's Republic of China gives citizenship to people with one or two parents with Chinese nationality who have not taken residence in other countries. The country also gives citizenship to people born on its territory to stateless people who have settled there. Furthermore, individuals may apply for nationality if they have
5478-400: The right to free movement, as their travel abroad is often difficult or downright impossible. Due to its current and narrow definition of nationality, Uruguay could be violating the sovereignty of other countries by assigning foreign nationalities in its official documents, thus overriding their powers. Some Uruguayan legal citizens may even, as a result of the application of a national law of
5561-426: The same rights as those who acquired citizenship at birth. The INA states the following: No person, except as otherwise provided in this subchapter , shall be naturalized unless such applicant, (1) immediately preceding the date of filing his application for naturalization has resided continuously, after being lawfully admitted for permanent residence , within the United States for at least five years and during
5644-454: The sharp increase in the numbers of refugees following World War I created many stateless persons , people who were not citizens of any state. In some rare cases, laws for mass naturalization were passed. As naturalization laws had been designed to cater for the relatively few people who had voluntarily moved from one country to another (expatriates), many western democracies were not ready to naturalize large numbers of people. This included
5727-537: The summer of 2005. In 2007 and 2008, BAC and the Orchestra of St. Luke's together purchased and began renovation of the 37 Arts Theatre. Theater C re-opened in February 2010 as the Jerome Robbins Theater. In 2011, The Orchestra of St. Luke's re-opened Theaters A and B as the DiMenna Center for Classical Music. Mikhail Baryshnikov Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Барышников , IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil bɐ'rɨʂnʲɪkəf] ; Latvian : Mihails Barišņikovs ; born January 27, 1948)
5810-413: The territory of RSFSR and formerly held Soviet citizenship; people married to Russian citizens for at least 3 years; people, who served in Russian Armed Forces under contract for at least 3 years; parents of mentally incapacitated children over 18 who are Russian citizens; participants of the State Program for Assisting Compatriots Residing Abroad; and some other categories. People who fulfill all of
5893-459: The territory). In 2019, a Citizenship Amendment Act was passed by the Parliament of India. This Act aims at fast tracking citizenship for illegal immigrants and refugees fleeing religious persecution for people of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian faiths who have entered India on or before 31 December 2014 from the neighbouring countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Italian Government grants Italian citizenship for
5976-646: The world the right to immigrate to Israel. This right to immigrate did not and still does not grant citizenship. In fact, for four years after Israel gained independence, there were no Israeli citizens. On July 14, 1952, the Israeli parliament enacted the Israeli Nationality Law. The Nationality Law naturalized all citizens of Mandated Palestine , the inhabitants of Israel on July 15, 1952, and those who had legally resided in Israel between May 14, 1948, and July 14, 1952. The law further clarified that naturalization
6059-567: Was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers. In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007, he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999. In 2000, he
6142-590: Was available to immigrants who had arrived before Israel's creation, immigrants who arrived after statehood was granted, and those who did not come to Israel as immigrants but have since expressed desire to settle in Israel, with restriction. Naturalization applicants must also meet the following requirements: be over 18 years of age, have resided in Israel for three out of the five preceding years, have settled or intend to settle permanently in Israel, have some knowledge of Hebrew, and have renounced prior nationality or demonstrated ability to renounce nationality after becoming
6225-649: Was awarded the National Medal of Arts . In 2003, Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement. In 2005, he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York. For the duration of the 2006 summer, Baryshnikov went on tour with Hell's Kitchen Dance, which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center. Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied ,
6308-500: Was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television, in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist, Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw relentlessly and takes her to Paris. He co-starred in Company Business (1991) with Gene Hackman . An animated TV series, Mikhail Baryshnikov's Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998. The cartoons were produced by
6391-634: Was in 1989, when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafka 's novel. It earned him a Tony nomination. In 2004, Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York City's Lincoln Center, and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop. On April 11 to 21, 2012, he starred in In Paris, a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It
6474-740: Was launched in 2005 with the Off-Broadway revival of Hurlyburly starring Ethan Hawke and Parker Posey , followed by In The Heights and Fela! , prior to their successful Broadway runs. Since then, the complex has presented artists including Laurie Anderson , Tere O'Connor , Molly Davies , William Forsythe , Lucy Guerin , Foofwa d'Imobilité , Toni Morrison , Benjamin Millepied , Richard Move , Maria Pagès , Mal Pelo , Lou Reed , Pierre Rigal , Meg Stuart and Donna Uchizono . BAC provides space, time, and support for artists to present their work. The center also encourages collaboration and multimedia events. The first fellowships were awarded in
6557-587: Was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Center's Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina. Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhov 's Man in a Case . Of the production, he said: I grew up reading Chekhov's stories and plays. I have wanted to explore a Chekhov story for the stage for some time and I'm delighted to bring Man in a Case to Berkeley Rep. Both tales are about solitary men and their self-imposed restrictions. We know very little about
6640-579: Was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodsky 's work in Riga in 2015. The performance was called "Brodsky/Baryshnikov," was in the original Russian, and premiered on October 15, 2015. Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016. (Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974, soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to
6723-652: Was still in the Soviet Union, New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him "the most perfect dancer I have ever seen." Baryshnikov's talent was obvious from his youth, but being 5' 5" (165 cm) or 5' 6" (168 cm) tall—shorter than most male ballet dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts. More frustrating to him, the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers, whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films. His main reason for leaving
6806-603: Was submitted on December 21, 2016. He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia, which provided the basis for the rest of his life. "It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer. Riga still serves as a place where I find artistic inspiration", Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . In March 2022, together with economist Sergey Guriyev and writer Boris Akunin , Baryshnikov announced
6889-595: Was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went to the United States. In December 1975, he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena . In the first two years after his defection, he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers, including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . "It doesn't matter if every ballet
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