91-803: The Bartons Arms ( grid reference SP072890 ) is a public house in the High Street (part of the A34 ) in the Newtown area of Aston , Birmingham , England . Under new management as of August 2024. Pub/Bar/Sports Bar: Providing a selection of beverages including real ale. Food: Serving Thai and English food in the restaurant area. Entertainment : Live performances, DJ’s, Karaoke, Quizzes, Themed nights and more. Function Room: available for private bookings live entertainment, corporate events and much more. Built in 1900-1901 by noted pub architects partnership James and Lister Lea for Mitchells & Butlers , it
182-623: A transverse Mercator projection with an origin (the "true" origin) at 49° N , 2° W (an offshore point in the English Channel which lies between the island of Jersey and the French port of St. Malo ). Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight line grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin to eliminate negative numbers, creating a 700 km by 1300 km grid. This false origin
273-799: A clear soup (perhaps a spicy tom yam or a mellow tom chuet ), a curry or stew (essentially any dish identified with the kaeng prefix), a deep-fried dish, and a stir-fried dish of meat, fish, seafood, or vegetables. In most Thai restaurants, diners will have access to a selection of Thai sauces ( nam chim ) and condiments, either brought to the table by wait staff or present at the table in small containers. These may include phrik nam pla/nam pla phrik (fish sauce, lime juice, chopped chilies and garlic), dried chili flakes, sweet chili sauce , sliced chili peppers in rice vinegar, Sriracha sauce , and even sugar. With certain dishes, such as khao kha mu (pork trotter stewed in soy sauce and served with rice), whole Thai peppers and raw garlic are served in addition to
364-459: A couple of days. Several types of mushroom ( het ) also feature in Thai cuisine such as straw mushrooms ( het fang ), shiitake ( het hom ), and white jelly fungus ( het hu nu khao ). Flowers are also commonly used ingredients in many Thai dishes, either as a vegetable, such as dok khae ( Sesbania grandiflora ) and huapli (the flower bud of the banana ), or as a food coloring, such as with
455-598: A custard. These dishes were said to have been brought to Thailand in the 17th century by Maria Guyomar de Pinha , a woman of mixed Japanese - Portuguese - Bengali ancestry who was born in Ayutthaya, and became the wife of Constantine Phaulkon , a Greek adviser to King Narai . The most notable influence from the West must be the introduction of the chili pepper from the Americas in the 16th or 17th century. It, and rice, are now two of
546-565: A few dishes, most notably the noodle soup khao soi , use coconut milk. In the southern parts of northeastern Thailand, where the region borders Cambodia , one can again find dishes containing coconut. It is also here that the people eat non-glutinous rice, just as in central and southern Thailand, and not glutinous rice as they do in northern Thailand and in the rest of northeastern Thailand. Apples , pears , peaches , grapes , and strawberries , which do not traditionally grow in Thailand and in
637-479: A few slices of cucumber. French diplomat Simon de la Loubère observed that chili pastes were vital for the way Thai people eat. He provides us with a recipe for nam phrik with pla ra and onions in Du Royaume de Siam , an account of his mission to Thailand published in 1691. The soy sauces which are used in Thai cuisine are of Chinese origin, and the Thai names for them are (wholly or partially) loanwords from
728-526: A food safety advocacy group, annually tests Thai farm produce for contamination. In their June 2019 report, the group found that of 286 samples, 41% of produce was found to contain unsafe levels of chemicals. The group surveyed both wet markets and retail stores across the nation. Contaminants were found in 44% of samples from retail stores, and 39% of samples from wet markets. Vegetables with the highest levels of contamination were Chinese mustard greens, kale, hot basil, parsley, chilis, and cauliflower. Fruits with
819-514: A fork and spoon in the Thai fashion. Thai meals typically consist of rice ( khao in Thai) with many complementary dishes shared by all. The dishes are all served at the same time, including the soups, and it is also customary to provide more dishes than there are guests at a table. A Thai family meal would normally consist of rice with several dishes which should form a harmonious contrast of flavors and textures as well as preparation methods. Traditionally,
910-400: A fork and spoon. Tables and chairs were introduced as part of a broader Westernization drive during the reign of King Mongkut , Rama IV. The fork and spoon were introduced by King Chulalongkorn after his return from a tour of Europe in 1897 CE. Important to Thai dining is the practice of khluk , mixing the flavors and textures of different dishes with the rice from one's plate. The food
1001-405: A green coconut can be served as a drink and the young flesh is eaten in either sweet or savory dishes. The grated flesh of a mature coconut is used raw or toasted in sweets, salads and snacks such as miang kham . Thais not only consume products derived from the nut (actually a drupe ), but they also make use of the growth bud of the palm tree as a vegetable. From the stalk of the flowers comes
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#17328524323911092-496: A grid index where the tens denote the progress from West to East and the units from South to North. In the north of Scotland, the numbering is modified: the 100 km square to the north of 39 is numbered N30; the square to the north of 49 is N40, etc. The grid is based on the OSGB36 datum (Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936, based on the Airy 1830 ellipsoid ), and was introduced after
1183-601: A large display showing the different dishes one can choose. When placing an order at these places, Thais will state if they want the food served as separate dishes or together on one plate with rice ( rat khao ). Very often, regular restaurants will also feature a selection of freshly made "rice curry" dishes on their menu for single customers. Thai cuisine, as a whole, features many different ingredients ( suan phasom ; Thai : ส่วนผสม ), and ways of preparing food. Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as having "intricacy, attention to detail, texture, color, and taste. Thai food
1274-483: A meal would have at least five elements: a dip or relish for raw or cooked vegetables ( khrueang chim ) is the most crucial component of any Thai meal. Khrueang chim , considered a building block of Thai food by Chef McDang, may come in the form of a spicy chili sauce or relish called nam phrik (made of raw or cooked chilies and other ingredients, which are then mashed together), or a type of dip enriched with coconut milk called lon . The other elements would include
1365-409: A rice dish could include as many as 30 varieties of rice. That number has been drastically reduced due to genetic modifications. Non-glutinous rice ( Oryza sativa ) is called khao chao ( lit. ' royal rice ' ). One type, which is indigenous to Thailand, is the highly prized, sweet-smelling jasmine rice ( khao hom mali ). This naturally aromatic long-grained rice grows in abundance in
1456-484: A rich nutty flavor that is most often used in desserts. Noodles in Thailand are usually made from the flour of rice, wheat, or mung bean. Perhaps one of the oldest type of noodle in Thailand is khanom chin , which is a fresh type of rice vermicelli made from fermented rice, and eaten with toppings like green curry ( kaeng khiao wan ) with chicken or in green papaya salad ( som tam ). Other noodle varieties were subsequently introduced by Chinese migrants to Thailand, as
1547-445: A sap that can be used to make coconut vinegar , alcoholic beverages, and sugar. Coconut milk and other coconut-derived ingredients feature heavily in the cuisines of central and southern Thailand. In contrast to these regions, coconut palms do not grow as well in northern and northeastern Thailand, where in wintertime the temperatures are lower and where there is a dry season that can last five to six months. In northern Thai cuisine, only
1638-455: A somewhat thick round rice noodle similar in size and shape to bean sprouts. Thai noodle dishes, whether stir fried like pad thai or in the form of a noodle soup, usually come as an individual serving and are not meant to be shared and eaten communally. Rice flour ( paeng khao chao ) and tapioca flour ( paeng man sampalang ) are often used in desserts or as thickening agents. An ingredient found in many Thai dishes and used in every region of
1729-617: A spicy steamed pâté or soufflé made with fish and coconut milk. Banana flowers are also used in Thai salads or as a vegetable ingredient for certain curries. The leaves and flowers of the neem tree ( sadao ) are also eaten blanched. Phak lueat (leaves from the Ficus virens ) are cooked in curries, and bai makok (from the Spondias mombin ) can be eaten raw with a chili paste. Five main chilies are generally used as ingredients in Thai food. One chili
1820-535: A vegetable. Lastly, the dried chilies: phrik haeng are spicier than the two largest chilies and dried to a dark red color. Other typical ingredients are the several types of eggplant ( makhuea ) used in Thai cuisine, such as the pea-sized makhuea phuang and the egg-sized makhuea suai , often also eaten raw. Although broccoli is often used in Asian restaurants in the west in phat phak ruam (stir fried mixed vegetables) and rat na (rice noodles served in gravy), it
1911-580: A very elaborate spice mix, called phrik lap , which includes ingredients such as cumin , cloves , long pepper , star anise , prickly ash seeds and cinnamon . Besides kaffir lime leaves, several other tree leaves are used in Thai cuisine such as cha-om , the young feathery leaves of the Acacia pennata tree. These leaves can be cooked in omelettes, soups and curries or eaten raw in northern Thai salads. Banana leaves are often used as packaging for ready-made food or as steamer cups such as in ho mok pla ,
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#17328524323912002-436: A white center, has a nutty taste and is slightly chewy compared to the soft and gummy texture of jasmine rice. Only the husks of the red rice grains are removed which allows it to retain all its nutrients and vitamins, but unlike brown rice, its red color comes from antioxidants in the bran. Black sticky rice is a type of sticky rice with a deep purple-red color that may appear black. Another unpolished grain, black sticky rice has
2093-421: A wide variety of herbs, spices and leaves rarely found in the West. The characteristic flavor of kaffir lime leaves ( bai makrut ) appears in many Thai soups (e.g., the hot and sour tom yam ) or curry from the southern and central areas of Thailand. The Thai lime ( manao ) is smaller, darker and sweeter than the kaffir lime, which has a rough looking skin with a stronger lime flavor. Kaffir lime leaves or rind
2184-429: Is pla ra . It is more pungent than nam pla , and, in contrast to nam pla , which is a clear liquid, pla ra is opaque and often contains pieces of fish. To add this sauce to a som tam (spicy papaya salad) is a matter of choice. Kapi , Thai shrimp paste , is a combination of fermented ground shrimp and salt. It is used in the famous chili paste called nam phrik kapi , in rice dishes such as khao khluk kapi and it
2275-430: Is nam phrik num , a paste of pounded fresh green chilies, shallots, garlic and coriander leaves. The sweet roasted chili paste called nam phrik phao is often used as an ingredient in tom yam or when frying meat or seafood, and it is also popular as a spicy "jam" on bread, or served as a dip with prawn crackers . The dry nam phrik kung , made with pounded dried shrimp ( kung haeng ), is often eaten plain with rice and
2366-677: Is a grade II* listed building , and is on the Campaign for Real Ale 's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors . It closed at the end of January 2024 and reopened in August 2024 under new management with more selection of entertainment including live entertainers, DJ’s, themed nights, Sky Sports and TNT broadcasting for live sports. The pub was known for its wall-to-wall Minton -Hollins tiles and its snob screens , which allowed middle class drinkers to see working class drinkers in an adjacent bar, but not to be seen by them. The current public bar
2457-464: Is an abbreviated alphanumeric reference where the letters are simply omitted, e.g. 166712 for the summit of Ben Nevis. Unlike the numeric references described above, this abbreviated grid reference is incomplete; it gives the location relative to an OS 100×100 km square, but does not specify which square. It is often used informally when the context identifies the OS 2-letter square. For example, within
2548-595: Is called the Helmert datum transformation , which results in a typical 7 m error from true. The definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the Ordnance Survey is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN15. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy. The difference between
2639-947: Is frequently combined with galangal ( kha ) and lemongrass ( takhrai ), either kept whole in simmered dishes or blended together with liberal amounts of chilies and other aromatics to make curry paste. Fresh Thai basil , distinctively redolent of cloves , and with stems which are often tinged with a purple color, are used to add fragrance in certain dishes such as green curry . Other commonly used herbs in Thai cuisine include phak chi , ( coriander or cilantro leaves), rak phak chi (cilantro/coriander roots), spearmint ( saranae ), holy basil ( kaphrao ), ginger ( khing ), turmeric ( khamin ), fingerroot ( krachai ), culantro ( phak chi farang ), pandanus leaves ( bai toei ), and Thai lemon basil ( maenglak ). Spices and spice mixtures used in Thai cuisine include phong phalo ( five-spice powder ), phong kari ( curry powder ), and fresh and dried peppercorns ( phrik thai ). Northern Thai larb uses
2730-449: Is indispensable for making Thai curry pastes. Tai pla is a pungent sauce used in the southern Thai cuisine, that is made from the fermented innards of the short mackerel ( pla thu ). It is one of the main condiments of kaeng tai pla curry and is also used to make nam phrik tai pla . Far removed from the nearest sea, from northern Thailand comes nam pu , a thick, black paste made by boiling mashed rice-paddy crabs for hours. It
2821-803: Is known for its enthusiastic use of fresh (rather than dried) herbs and spices . Common flavors in Thai food come from garlic, galangal , coriander /cilantro, lemongrass , shallots , pepper , kaffir lime leaves, shrimp paste , fish sauce , and chilies . Palm sugar , made from the sap of certain Borassus palms, is used to sweeten dishes while lime and tamarind contribute sour notes. Meats used in Thai cuisine are usually pork and chicken, and also duck, beef , and water buffalo . Goat, lamb, and mutton are rarely eaten except by Muslim Thais in Southern Thailand . Game , such as wild boar , deer and wild birds, are now less common due to loss of habitat ,
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2912-530: Is located in High Street, Aston, Birmingham B6 4UP; at the crossroads of Newtown High Street and Park Lane. The pub is a key feature on the route map for the Birmingham International Marathon . Laurel and Hardy stayed at The Barton Arms in May 1954, while appearing at the adjacent Aston Hippodrome (now demolished, replaced by The Drum Arts Centre ), and were photographed serving beer from behind
3003-477: Is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly. In order to minimize the overall scale error, a factor of 2499/2500 is applied. This creates two lines of longitude about 180 km east and west of the central meridian along which the local scale factor equals 1, i.e. map scale is correct. Inside these lines the local scale factor is less than 1, with a minimum of 0.04% too small at the central meridian. Outside these lines
3094-514: Is made from egg and wheat flour and is usually sold fresh. Bami are similar to the Teochew mee pok . A fifth type, wun sen ( วุ้นเส้น ; lit. ' jelly strands ' ), called cellophane noodles or glass noodles in English, are thin round noodles made from mung bean flour which are sold dried. Lastly, and least common in noodle shops, are " silver needle noodles " kiam-i ( เกี้ยมอี๋ ),
3185-463: Is more accurately described as five regional cuisines, corresponding to the five main regions of Thailand : In addition to these regional cuisines, there is also Thai royal cuisine which can trace its history back to the cosmopolitan palace cuisine of the Ayutthaya kingdom (1351–1767 CE). Its refinement, cooking techniques, presentation, and use of ingredients were of great influence to the cuisine of
3276-619: Is now the preferred coordinate reference system across Ireland. ITM is based on the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM), used to provide grid references for worldwide locations, and this is the system commonly used for the Channel Islands . European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), or variants of it. The first letter of
3367-685: Is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent . These two datums are not both in general use in any one place, but for a point in the English Channel halfway between Dover and Calais , the ED50 longitude lines are about 20 m east of the OSGB36 equivalents, and the ED50 latitude lines are about 150 m south of the OSGB36 ones. Thai cuisine Thai cuisine ( Thai : อาหารไทย , RTGS : ahan thai , pronounced [ʔāː.hǎːn tʰāj] )
3458-539: Is pushed by the fork, held in the left hand, into the spoon held in the right hand, which is then brought to the mouth. A traditional ceramic spoon is sometimes used for soup, and knives are not generally used at the table. It is common practice for both the Thais and the hill tribe peoples who live in Lanna and Isan to use sticky rice as an edible implement by shaping it into small, and sometimes flattened, balls by hand (and only
3549-424: Is served with side dishes), or chok (a thick rice porridge that is flavored with broth and minced meat). Other varieties of rice eaten in Thailand include: sticky rice ( khao niao ), a unique variety of rice which contains an unusual balance of the starches present in all rice, causing it to cook up to a sticky texture. Thai Red Cargo rice , an unpolished long grain rice with an outer deep reddish-brown color and
3640-400: Is testified by their Sino-Thai name kuaitiao ( ก๋วยเตี๋ยว ; Chinese : 粿條 ; pinyin : guǒtiáo ). The three most common rice varieties of kuaitiao are sen yai ( เส้นใหญ่ ) wide flat noodles, sen lek ( เส้นเล็ก ) narrow flat noodles, and sen mi เส้นหมี่ ; or rice vermicelli ), which are round and thin. A fourth popular variety, bami ( บะหมี่ ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : bah-mī )
3731-455: Is the national cuisine of Thailand . Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with aromatics and spicy heat . The Australian chef David Thompson , an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking is "about the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish. Like a complex musical chord it's got to have a smooth surface but it doesn't matter what's happening underneath. Simplicity isn't
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3822-581: Is the staple grain of Thai cuisine. According to Thai food expert McDang, rice is the first and most important part of any meal, and the words for rice and food are the same: khao . As in many other rice eating cultures, to say "eat rice" (in Thai "kin khao" , pronounced [kīn kʰâːw] ) means to eat food. Rice is such an integral part of the diet that a common Thai greeting is "kin khao rue yang?" ( lit. ' "have you eaten rice yet? ' ). Thai farmers historically have cultivated tens of thousands of rice varieties. The traditional recipe for
3913-428: Is to have one or more smaller helpings of curry, stir fries and other dishes served together on one plate with a portion of rice. This style of serving food is called khao rat kaeng ( lit. ' rice covered with curry ' ), or for short khao kaeng ( lit. ' rice curry ' ). Eateries and shops that specialize in pre-made food are the usual place to go to for having a meal this way. These venues have
4004-608: Is used as an ingredient for certain northern Thai salads, curries, and chili pastes. It too has a strong and pungent flavor. Nam phrik are Thai chili pastes, similar to the Indonesian and Malaysian sambals . Each region has its own special versions. The words "nam phrik" are used by Thais to describe many pastes containing chilies used for dipping, although the more watery versions tend to be called nam chim . Thai curry pastes are normally called phrik kaeng or khrueang kaeng (lit. curry ingredients), but some people also use
4095-430: Is very small (about 1.25 centimetres (0.49 in)) and is known as the hottest chili: phrik khi nu suan ("garden mouse-dropping chili"). The slightly larger chili phrik khi nu ("mouse-dropping chili") is the next hottest. The green or red phrik chi fa ("sky pointing chili") is slightly less spicy than the smaller chilies. The very large phrik yuak , which is pale green in color, is the least spicy and used more as
4186-551: The Birmingham Mail praised the pub's in-house traditional Thai restaurant in a feature highlighting '17 of the best comfort foods in Birmingham'. In April 2016, in an interview with The Guardian , screenwriter and film director Steven Knight described the venue as a " Peaky Blinders -era pub" and recommended it as a place to visit. In October 2018, The Barton Arms was named as one of The Guardian newspaper's top 50 pubs in
4277-472: The 2011 England riots , the pub was looted, windows were smashed, and fires started, albeit quickly doused by the manager, Wichai Thumjaron. Up to eight shots from a 19th Century St Etienne revolver were fired at police who attended the incident. Five men and a teenager were jailed following a police investigation. On 31 January 2024, with no prior notice, the pub closed, with the leaseholder saying that rising costs made it operation unviable. The Barton's Arms
4368-562: The British Isles : this article describes the system created solely for Great Britain and its outlying islands (including the Isle of Man ). The Irish grid reference system is a similar system created by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland for the island of Ireland. The Irish Transverse Mercator (ITM) coordinate reference system was adopted in 2001 and
4459-483: The Teochew dialect : si-io dam (black soy sauce), si-io khao (light soy sauce), si-io wan (sweet soy sauce), and taochiao (fermented whole soy beans). Namman hoi ( oyster sauce ) is also of Chinese origin. It is used extensively in vegetable and meat stir fries. Satay is also common in Thailand, grilled or skewered meat served with a spicy peanut dipping sauce made from roasted or fried peanuts. Thai dishes use
4550-651: The World Durian Festival in early May. This single province is responsible for half of the durian production of Thailand and a quarter of the world production. The Langsat Festival is held each year in Uttaradit on weekends in September. The langsat ( Lansium parasiticum ), for which Uttaradit is famous, is a fruit that is similar in taste to the longan . From the coconut comes coconut milk , used both in curries and desserts, and coconut oil . The juice of
4641-539: The mangosteen ), and nam phrik luk namliap , salted black Chinese olive chilli paste. Although many of the exotic fruits of Thailand may have been sometimes unavailable in Western countries, Asian markets now import such fruits as rambutan and lychees . In Thailand one can find papaya , jackfruit , mango , mangosteen , langsat , longan , pomelo , pineapple , rose apples , durian , Burmese grapes and other native fruits. Chanthaburi in Thailand each year holds
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#17328524323914732-416: The patchwork of paddy fields that blanket Thailand's central plains. Once the rice is steamed or cooked, it is called khao suai ( lit. ' beautiful rice ' ). Non-glutinous rice is used for making fried rice dishes, and for congee , of which there are three main varieties: khao tom (a thin rice soup, most often with minced pork or fish), khao tom kui (a thick, unflavored rice porridge that
4823-726: The retriangulation of 1936–1962 . It replaced the Cassini Grid which had previously been the standard projection for Ordnance Survey maps. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain; more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the Global Positioning System (the Airy ellipsoid assumes the Earth to be about 1 km smaller in diameter than the GRS80 ellipsoid, and to be slightly less flattened). The British maps adopt
4914-434: The rose chestnut etc. were brought from India. According to the book Mae Khrua Hua Pa (first published in 1908) by Lady Plian Bhaskarawongse , she found that Thai cuisine had a strong gastronomical cultural line from Sukhothai (1238–1448) through Ayuttthaya (1351–1767) and Thonburi period (1767–1782) vis-à-vis Siamese governmental officers' daily routines (such as royal cooking) and their related cousins. Thai food during
5005-561: The British National Grid is derived from a larger set of 25 squares of size 500 km by 500 km, labelled A to Z, omitting one letter (I) (refer diagram below), previously used as a military grid. Four of these largest squares contain significant land area within Great Britain: S, T, N and H. The O square contains a tiny area of North Yorkshire , Beast Cliff at OV 0000 , almost all of which lies below mean high tide. For
5096-569: The OSGB 36 lines in South Cornwall , the difference diminishing to zero in the Scottish Borders , and then increasing to about 50 m north on the north coast of Scotland . (If the lines are further east , then the longitude value of any given point is further west . Similarly, if the lines are further south, the values will give the point a more northerly latitude.) The smallest datum shift
5187-688: The OSGB36 National Grid location for Ben Nevis is at 216600, 771200. Grid references may also be quoted as a pair of numbers: eastings then northings in metres, measured from the southwest corner of the SV square. 13 digits may be required for locations in Orkney and further north. For example, the grid reference for Sullom Voe Oil Terminal in the Shetland islands may be given as HU396753 or 439668,1175316 . Another, distinct, form of all-numeric grid reference
5278-460: The Siamese Court (1870): "The stream is rich in fish of excellent quality and flavour, such as is found in most of the great rivers of Asia; and is especially noted for its platoo , a kind of sardine, so abundant and cheap that it forms a common seasoning to the labourer's bowl of rice." Freshwater varieties come from the many rivers, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields inland, and seafood from
5369-460: The Thai government's The Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan (2012–2016) , Thailand is number one in the world in the application of chemicals in agriculture. The report stated that, "The use of chemicals in the agricultural and industrial sectors is growing while control mechanisms are ineffective making Thailand rank first in the world in the use of registered chemicals in agriculture." The Thai Pesticide Alert Network (ThaiPAN),
5460-488: The Thai monk Venerable Buddhadasa Bhikku's writing, ‘India's Benevolence to Thailand’, Thai cuisine was influenced by Indian cuisine . He wrote that Thai people learned how to use spices in their food in various ways from Indians. Thais also obtained the methods of making herbal medicines from the Indians. Some plants like sarabhi of the family Guttiferae , panika or harsinghar , phikun or Mimusops elengi and bunnak or
5551-617: The Thonburi period tended to be more similar to that from the Ayutthaya period, except the addition of Chinese food resulted from her prosperous international trade. Western influences, starting in 1511 when the first diplomatic mission from the Portuguese arrived at the court of Ayutthaya, have created dishes such as foi thong , the Thai adaptation of the Portuguese fios de ovos , and sangkhaya , where coconut milk replaces cow's milk in making
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#17328524323915642-592: The UK. In 2019, it was included in the CAMRA Good Beer Guide 2019. Ordnance Survey National Grid The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system ( OSGB ), also known as British National Grid ( BNG ), is a system of geographic grid references , distinct from latitude and longitude , whereby any location in Great Britain can be described in terms of its distance from the origin (0, 0), which lies to
5733-603: The World's Greatest Heist ; as the gang of robbers meet in the pub. In October 1974 the local TV company, ATV Today, did a feature with presenter Bob Warman on the Bartons Arms and the film of that is held for posterity by the BFI . In July 2015, The Guardian described The Barton Arms as a "Victorian temple in carved wood, gleaming tile work, stained glass and wrought iron" in a list of Birmingham's Top 10 craft beer pubs. In January 2015,
5824-543: The bar. Entertainers Marie Lloyd , Enrico Caruso and Charlie Chaplin were also documented to have visited the establishment when performing at the Aston Hippodrome. Musician Ozzy Osbourne , who grew up in Aston, is also a former patron of the pub. The pub features in the 1999 Atom Egoyan Birmingham-set film Felicia's Journey . It also features in the 2006 novel by Ron Dawson , The Last Viking: The Untold Story of
5915-497: The blue-colored dok anchan (the flowers of the Clitoria ternatea , which can also be eaten raw or fried). Fresh fruit forms a large part of the Thai diet, and are customarily served after a meal as dessert. The Scottish author John Crawfurd , sent on an embassy to Bangkok in 1822, writes in his account of the journey: "The fruits of Siam, or at least of the neighbourhood of Bangkok, are excellent and various, surpassing, according to
6006-417: The bones removed, and the vegetables were served in bite-sized portions. In addition, if beef is used, it should be tenderloin only. There are many types of Thai royal cuisine such as ranchuan curry, nam phrik long ruea , matsaman curry, rice in jasmine-flavored iced water or khao chae , spicy salad, fruit, and carved vegetable. Thai chef McDang , himself descended from the royal family, asserts that
6097-592: The border) as well as climate and geography. Northern Thai cuisine shares dishes with Shan State in Burma, northern Laos , and also with Yunnan Province in China, whereas the cuisine of Isan (northeastern Thailand) is similar to that of Southern Laos , and by Vietnamese cuisine to its east. Southern Thailand, with many dishes that contain liberal amounts of coconut milk and fresh turmeric , has that in common with Indian , Malaysian , and Indonesian cuisine . Thai cuisine
6188-715: The central Thai plains. Thai royal cuisine has been influenced by the Khmer royal cuisine through the Khmer palace cooks brought to the Ayutthaya Kingdom during its conquests of the Khmer Empire . Thai royal cuisine has become very well known from the Rattanakosin Era onwards. Typically, Thai royal cuisine has basic characteristics that are close to the basic food prepared by general people. However, Thai royal cuisine focuses on
6279-433: The context of a location known to be on OS Landranger sheet 41 (which extends from NN000500 in the south-west to NN400900 in the north-east) the abbreviated grid reference 166712 is equivalent to NN166712. If working with more than one Landranger sheet, this may also be given as 41/166712. Alternatively, sometimes numbers instead of the two-letter combinations are used for the 100×100 km squares. The numbering follows
6370-560: The coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB 36 are the same as for WGS 84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall , the WGS 84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB 36 equivalents, this value rising gradually to about 120 m east on the east coast of East Anglia . The WGS 84 latitude lines are about 70 m south of
6461-458: The country is nam pla , a clear fish sauce that is very aromatic. Fish sauce is a staple ingredient in Thai cuisine and imparts a unique character to Thai food. Fish sauce is prepared with fermented fish that is made into a fragrant condiment and provides a salty flavor. There are many varieties of fish sauce and many variations in the way it is prepared. Some fish may be fermented with shrimp or spices. Another type of sauce made from fermented fish
6552-435: The dictum here, at all." Traditional Thai cuisine loosely falls into four categories: tom (boiled dishes), yam (spicy salads), tam (pounded foods), and kaeng (curries). Deep-frying, stir-frying and steaming are methods introduced from Chinese cuisine . In 2011, seven Thai dishes appeared on a list of the "World's 50 Best Foods", an online poll of 35,000 people worldwide by CNN Travel . Thailand had more dishes on
6643-475: The difference between royal Thai cuisine and regular Thai cuisine is fiction. He maintains that the only difference between the food of the palace and that of the common people is the former's elaborate presentation and better ingredients. Thai food was traditionally eaten with the hand while seated on mats or carpets on the floor or coffee table in upper middle class families, customs still found in more traditional households. Today, however, most Thais eat with
6734-466: The digits is for the first coordinate and the second half for the other. The most common usage is the six figure grid reference , employing three digits in each coordinate to determine a 100 m square. For example, the grid reference of the 100 m square containing the summit of Ben Nevis is NN 166 712 . (Grid references may be written with or without spaces; e.g., also NN166712.) NN has an easting of 200 km and northing of 700 km, so
6825-786: The experience of our party (...) those of all other parts of India." The Siamese themselves consume great quantities of fruit, and the whole neighbourhood of Bangkok is one forest of fruit trees. Fruit is not only eaten on its own, but often served with spicy dips made from sugar, salt, and chilies. Fruits feature in spicy salads such as som tam (green papaya salad) and yam som-o (pomelo salad), in soups with tamarind juice such as tom khlong and kaeng som , and in Thai curries such as kaeng khanun (jackfruit curry), kaeng phet pet yang (grilled duck curry with pineapple or grapes), and kaeng pla sapparot (fish and pineapple curry). Fruits are also used in certain Thai chili pastes, such as in nam phrik long rue made with madan (a close relative of
6916-415: The freshness of seasonal products. Other than that, it is crucial that the way in which Thai royal food is cooked, should be complex and delicate. La Loubère, an envoy from France during the reign of King Narai , recorded that the food at the court was generally similar to villager food. What makes Thai Royal cuisine different food is its beautiful presentation. For example, they served fish and chicken with
7007-421: The introduction of modern methods of intensive animal farming in the 1960s, and the rise of agribusinesses , such as Thai Charoen Pokphand Foods , in the 1980s. Traditionally, fish, crustaceans, and shellfish play an important role in the diet of Thai people. In 2006 the per capita consumption of fish was 33.6 kg. Anna Leonowens (of The King and I fame) observed in her book The English Governess at
7098-413: The list than any other country: tom yam kung (4th), pad thai (5th), som tam (6th), massaman curry (10th), green curry (19th), Thai fried rice (24th) and nam tok mu (36th). Thai cuisine and the culinary traditions and cuisines of Thailand's neighbors, especially Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, India, Malaysia and Indonesia, have influenced one another over the course of many centuries. According to
7189-473: The local scale factor is greater than 1, and is about 0.04% too large near the east and west coasts. Grid north and true north are only aligned on the central meridian (400 km easting) of the grid which is 2° W (OSGB36) and approx. 2° 0′ 5″ W ( WGS 84 ). A geodetic transformation between OSGB 36 and other terrestrial reference systems (like ITRF2000 , ETRS89 , or WGS 84 ) can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation
7280-521: The most important ingredients in Thai cuisine. During the Columbian Exchange , Portuguese and Spanish ships brought new foodstuffs from the Americas including tomatoes , corn , papaya , pea eggplants , pineapple , pumpkins , culantro , cashews, and peanuts. Regional variations tend to correlate to neighboring states (often sharing the same cultural background and ethnicity on both sides of
7371-592: The past had to be imported, have become increasingly popular in the last few decades since they were introduced to Thai farmers by the Thai Royal Projects, starting in 1969, and the Doi Tung Project since 1988. These temperate fruit grow especially well in the cooler, northern Thai highlands , where they were initially introduced as a replacement for the cultivation of opium , together with other crops such as cabbages, tea , and arabica coffee . According to
7462-793: The right hand by custom) which are then dipped into side dishes and eaten. Chopsticks were foreign utensils to most ethnic groups in Thailand with the exception of the Thai Chinese , and a few other cultures such as the Akha people , who are recent arrivals from Yunnan Province, China . Traditionally, the majority of ethnic Thai people ate with their hands like the people of India. Chopsticks are mainly used in Thailand for eating Chinese-style noodle soups, or at Chinese , Japanese , or Korean restaurants . Stir-fried noodle dishes such as drunken noodles , pad see ew , and pad thai , and curry-noodle dishes such as khanom chin nam ngiao , are also eaten with
7553-440: The second letter, each 500 km square is subdivided into 25 squares of size 100 km by 100 km, each with a letter code from A to Z (again omitting I) starting with A in the north-west corner to Z in the south-east corner. These squares are outlined in light grey on the "100km squares" map, with those containing land lettered. The central (2° W) meridian is shown in red. Within each square, eastings and northings from
7644-455: The sour chili sauce. Cucumber is sometimes eaten to cool the mouth with particularly spicy dishes. They often feature as a garnish , especially with one-dish meals. The plain rice, sticky rice or the khanom chin (Thai rice noodles) served alongside a spicy Thai curry or stir-fry, tends to counteract the spiciness. When time is limited or when eating alone, single dishes, such as fried rice or noodle soups, are quick and filling. An alternative
7735-412: The south west corner of the square are given numerically. For example, NH0325 means a 1 km square whose south-west corner is 3 km east and 25 km north from the south-west corner of square NH. A location can be indicated to varying resolutions numerically, usually from two digits in each coordinate (for a 1 km square) through to five (for a 1 m square); in each case the first half of
7826-405: The tropical seas of the southern half of the country. Some species, such as the giant river prawn , need brackish water as juveniles but live out their lives in freshwater once mature. Aquaculture of species such as Nile tilapia , catfish , tiger prawns , and blood cockles , now generates a large portion of the seafood sold in, and exported from Thailand. Like most other Asian cuisines, rice
7917-739: The tuber and leaves), a few types of squash , phak krathin ( Leucaena leucocephala ), sato ( Parkia speciosa ), tua phū ( winged beans ) and khaophot ( corn ). Among the green, leafy vegetables and herbs that are usually eaten raw in a meal or as a side dish in Thailand, the most important are: phak bung ( morning glory ), horapha ( Thai basil ), bai bua bok ( Asian pennywort ), phak kachet ( water mimosa ), phak kat khao ( Chinese cabbage ), phak phai ( praew leaves ), phak kayang ( rice paddy herb ), phak chi farang ( culantro ), phak tiu ( Cratoxylum formosum ), phak "phaai" ( yellow burr head ) and kalamplī ( cabbage ). Some of these leaves are highly perishable and must be used within
8008-535: The west of the Isles of Scilly . The Ordnance Survey (OS) devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in its survey data, and in maps based on those surveys, whether published by the Ordnance Survey or by commercial map producers. Grid references are also commonly quoted in other publications and data sources, such as guide books and government planning documents. A number of different systems exist that can provide grid references for locations within
8099-484: The word nam phrik to designate a curry paste. Red curry paste, for instance, could be called phrik kaeng phet or khrueang kaeng phet in Thai, but also nam phrik kaeng phet . Both nam phrik and phrik kaeng are prepared by crushing together chilies with various ingredients such as garlic and shrimp paste using a mortar and pestle . Some nam phrik are served as a dip with vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbage and yard-long beans, either raw or blanched. One such paste
8190-460: Was never used in any traditional Thai food in Thailand and was rarely seen in Thailand. Usually in Thailand, khana is used, for which broccoli is a substitute. Other vegetables which are often eaten in Thailand are thua fak yao ( yardlong beans ), thua ngok ( bean sprouts ), no mai ( bamboo shoots ), tomatoes, cucumbers , phak tam lueng ( Coccinia grandis ), phak kha na ( Chinese kale ), phak kwangtung ( choy sum ), sweet potatoes (both
8281-498: Was originally divided into three. There are function rooms upstairs, originally for billiards and club use. It was purchased in 2002 by Oakham Ales who restored the building to its former condition before reopening it in 2003, after three years out-of-use. As well as serving Oakham ales it is also served Thai food. On 28 July 2006, the pub was damaged by fire, reportedly caused by an electrical fault. The pub still boasts Dutch gables, Victorian lanterns and central clock tower. During
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