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14-537: The title was created in 1876 for John Tollemache , who had earlier represented Cheshire South and Cheshire West in the House of Commons as a Conservative . He was the son of Admiral of the Fleet John Halliday (who in 1821 assumed by Royal licence the surname and arms of Tollemache in lieu of Halliday), eldest son of Lady Jane Halliday, youngest daughter of Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart . The first Baron

28-625: A Cow Collings." His advocacy for smallholdings in January 1886 was one factor in Lord Salisbury's government falling . Later, he would be satirized in John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland as a White Rabbit character who was fixated on the idea of three acres and a cow, as well as blindly loyal to Chamberlain. Chamberlain used the slogan for his own "Radical Programme": he urged

42-474: A cow Three acres and a cow was a slogan used by the liberal radical British land reform campaigners of the 1880s, and revived by the distributists of the 1920s. It refers to an ideal land holding for every citizen. The phrase was invented by Eli Hamshire in letters written to Joseph Chamberlain and Jesse Collings during the early 1880s. Hamshire, called the "rustic sage" of Ewhurst, Surrey , did, in fact, own 3 acres (1.2 hectares). Collings used

56-545: Is the present holder's elder son, the Hon. Edward John Hugh Tollemache (b. 1976). The heir apparent's heir apparent is his elder son, Ralph Timothy Jack Tollemache (b. 2010). John Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache John Jervis Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache ( né  Halliday ; 5 December 1805 – 9 December 1890) was a British Conservative politician, landowner and peer who owned large estates in Cheshire . He

70-595: The countryside. In What's Wrong With the World , G. K. Chesterton used the phrase to summarise his own distributist opinions. He also used the phrase in The Man Who Knew Too Much . However, he did not believe that this was a full explanation of a distributist economy, because he believed that differing projects would require different different sizes of businesses and that industrial projects would continue to exist in addition to agrarian ones. The phrase

84-458: The phrase as a slogan for his 1885 land reform campaign, and it became used as part of the political struggle against rural poverty . Collings specifically believed that ownership of the land was necessary for a fairer distribution of wealth, rather than tenancy. He and his fellow liberal radicals hoped that land ownership would result in a measure of personal independence for the new owners. Collings became derisively known as "Three Acres and

98-453: The purchase by local authorities of land to provide garden and field allotments for all labourers who might desire them, to be let at fair rents in plots of up to 1 acre (0.40 ha) of arable land and up to 4 acres (1.6 ha) of pasture . This appeared in the context of the back-to-the-land movement at the end of the 19th century, when Victorian-era factory workers pushed for economic policies that would allow them to return to life in

112-477: The title is held by the fourth Baron's son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 1975. He was Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk from 2003 to 2014. The actor Danny Dyer is distantly related to the family, through his 11-times great-grandmother, Anne Tollemache, which he discovered during an episode of BBC's Who Do You Think You Are? . The family seat is Helmingham Hall , near Helmingham in Suffolk . The heir apparent

126-666: Was Peckforton Castle , a new family seat in the form of a Norman -style castle. It was built on a massive scale on the Peckforton Hills within his Cheshire estate. It cost around £60,000 (equivalent to £8,100,000 as of 2023), and is deemed the last serious fortified home built in England. He married twice: Tollemache died in December 1890, aged 85. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son from his first marriage, Wilbraham Tollemache, 2nd Baron Tollemache . Three acres and

140-522: Was Lady Elizabeth Stratford, a daughter of John Stratford, 3rd Earl of Aldborough . His sister was Georgina Cowper-Temple, Lady Mount Temple . Little is known about his education, but it appears that he received a private education which did not lead to university. He inherited considerable wealth, including Helmingham Hall in Suffolk and estates in Northamptonshire , Cheshire and Ireland. Tollemache served as High Sheriff of Cheshire for 1840. He

154-608: Was generous to his tenants and advocated improvement of their social conditions. He believed in a self-reliant labouring class and popularised the idea of tenants having a cottage with sufficient land to keep livestock. His catch-phrase for this was " three acres and a cow ", a policy he carried out in Framsden , a village on the Helmingham Hall estate. In addition to building many cottages, he built over 50 farmhouses, on which project he spent £280,000. Tollemache's major building project

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168-498: Was raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876 as Baron Tollemache , of Helmingham Hall in Suffolk . Born in 1805 as John Jervis Halliday, his father was Admiral John Richard Delap Halliday (who in 1821 assumed by royal licence the surname and arms of Tollemache in lieu of Halliday), the eldest son of Lady Jane Halliday, youngest daughter and co-heiress of Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart (died 1770). His mother

182-408: Was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He also sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Cheshire West. On the death of his grandson, the third Baron, this line of the family failed, and the title passed to the late Baron's second cousin, the fourth Baron. He was the son of Major-General Edward Tollemache, son of the Hon. Hamilton James Tollemache, fourth son of the first Baron. As of 2017,

196-729: Was then elected to the House of Commons as MP for Cheshire South from 1841 to 1868, and for Cheshire West from 1868 to 1872. He was raised to the peerage in 1876 as Baron Tollemache , of banana Hall in the county of Suffolk. Tollemache was the largest landowner in Cheshire, owning 28,651 acres (115.95 km ). His estate exceeded those of the Duke of Westminster (who owned 15,138 acres (61.26 km )), Lord Crewe (with 10,148 acres (41.07 km )) and Lord Cholmondeley (with 16,992 acres (68.76 km )). William Ewart Gladstone described him as "the greatest estate manager of his day". Tollemache

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