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30-429: The basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels , many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs . Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio , and paid for by some of

60-546: A Madonna and Child lunette by a follower of Donatello ), and many paintings. European Renaissance weapons, armor , clocks and a few textiles and scientific and musical instruments complete the collection assembled by the Barons Bagatti Valsecchi, and displayed in their home, as per their wishes. The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum, although originally intended as a private home, not a gallery, has an interesting collection of Italian Renaissance paintings. A few are from

90-470: A "small cape" ( Latin : cappella ). The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the Frankish kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the capella and the priests who said daily Mass in the tent were known as

120-542: A building. Most larger churches had one or more secondary altars which, if they occupied a distinct space, would often be called a chapel. In Russian Orthodox tradition, the chapels were built underneath city gates, where most people could visit them; a famous example is the Iberian Chapel . Although chapels frequently refer to Christian places of worship, they are also found in Jewish synagogues and do not necessarily denote

150-492: A diminutive of cappa , meaning "little cape") is a Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. First, smaller spaces inside a church that have their own altar are often called chapels; the Lady chapel is a common type of these. Second, a chapel is a place of worship, sometimes interfaith , that is part of a building, complex, or vessel with some other main purpose, such as

180-504: A larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a " Lady chapel " in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary ; parish churches may have such a Lady chapel in a side aisle or a "chapel of Reservation" or " Blessed Sacrament chapel" where the consecrated bread of the Eucharist is kept in reserve between services, for

210-410: A parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group (a bishop's private chapel, or the chapel of a convent, for instance); a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public (a seminary chapel that welcomes visitors to services, for instance); or a public oratory (for instance, a hospital or university chapel). Chapels that are built as part of

240-684: A place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels "owned" by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere. For 500 years monuments were erected in the church including those to: Footnotes Citations [REDACTED] Works related to Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Suppression of Monasteries in Continental Europe at Wikisource Chapel A chapel (from Latin : cappella ,

270-543: A result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost. The Bardi Chapel which contained a cycle of frescoes of the life of St Francis was plastered over, at the behest of Cosimo I , and Vasari placed some new altars against the walls, causing considerable damage to the frescoes. The bell tower was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade dates from 1857 to 1863. The Jewish architect Niccolò Matas from Ancona designed

300-439: A school, college, hospital, palace or large aristocratic house, castle, barracks , prison , funeral home , hotel, airport, or a military or commercial ship. Third, chapels are small places of worship, built as satellite sites by a church or monastery, for example in remote areas; these are often called a chapel of ease . A feature of all these types is that often no clergy were permanently resident or specifically attached to

330-475: A specific denomination. In England—where the Church of England is established by law— interdenominational or interfaith chapels in such institutions may be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop. Chapels that are not affiliated with a particular denomination are commonly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital, airport, university or prison. Many military installations have chapels for

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360-518: Is a historic house museum in the Montenapoleone district of downtown Milan , northern Italy . The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum's permanent collections principally contain Italian Renaissance decorative arts (such as maiolica , furniture , tapestry , metalwork , leather, glassware and precious table-top coffers made of ivory , or “ stucco and pastiglia ”), some sculptures (including

390-667: Is present in the church include (for funerary monuments see below): Once present in the church's Medici Chapel, but now split between the Florentine Galleries and the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum in Milan, is a polyptych by Lorenzo di Niccolò , whilst the Novitiate Altarpiece by Filippo Lippi and a predella by Pesellino was painted for the church's Novitiate Chapel. The basilica became popular with Florentines as

420-485: Is sometimes used as an adjective in England and Wales to describe members of such churches: for example in the sentence, "I'm Chapel." While the word chapel is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels (sometimes called "meditation rooms") can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even

450-719: The Badia Polyptych being carried out of the church. He reasoned that this had been removed from the Badia Fiorentina during the Napoleonic occupation and accidentally re-installed in Santa Croce. Between 1958 and 1961, Leonetto Tintori removed layers of whitewash and overpaint from Giotto's Peruzzi Chapel scenes to reveal his original work. In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered

480-714: The United Nations headquarters . Chapels can also be found for worship in Judaism . "Chapel" is in particularly common usage in the United Kingdom , and especially in Wales , for Nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland for Roman Catholic churches. In England and Wales, due to the rise in Nonconformist chapels during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by

510-627: The capellani . From these words, via Old French , we get the names "chapel" and "chaplain". The word also appears in the Irish language (Gaelic) in the Middle Ages , as Welsh people came with the Norman and Old English invaders to the island of Ireland. While the traditional Irish word for church was eaglais (derived from ecclesia ), a new word, séipéal (from cappella ), came into usage. In British history, "chapel" or " meeting house " were formerly

540-550: The 16th-century altars and plaster were removed from the Bardi Chapel, revealing Giotto's frescoes of the Life of St Francis, which include the Death of St. Francis . This painting, missing sections where an altar had been attached to the wall, was heavily restored in the 19th century. These restorations were later removed to reveal those areas which are definitively Giotto's, leaving portions of

570-473: The chapel. For historical reasons, chapel is also often the term used by independent or nonconformist denominations for their places of worship in England and especially in Wales, even where they are large and in practice they operate as a parish church . The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within

600-598: The church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair. Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School). Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop. The basilica has been undergoing a multi-year restoration program with assistance from Italy's civil protection agency. On 20 October 2017,

630-429: The church's façade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the threshold and honoured with an inscription. In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity. Among the 19th-century restorations,

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660-464: The city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV . The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a nave and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent , some of whose buildings remain. The Primo Chiostro,

690-588: The main cloister , houses the Cappella dei Pazzi , built as the chapter house , completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned. In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior of this area was rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari . As

720-403: The painting missing. The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory , also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453. In 1940, during the safe hiding of various works during World War II , Ugo Procacci noticed

750-404: The property was closed to visitors due to falling masonry which caused the death of a tourist from Spain. The basilica was closed temporarily during a survey of the stability of the church. The Italian Ministry of Culture said that "there will be an investigation by magistrates to understand how this dramatic fact happened and whether there are responsibilities over maintenance." Artists whose work

780-471: The purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes. Common uses of the word chapel today include: The first airport chapel was created in 1951 in Boston for airport workers but grew to include travelers. It was originally Catholic, but chapels today are often multifaith. Bagatti Valsecchi Museum, Milan The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum

810-461: The standard designations for church buildings belonging to independent or Nonconformist religious societies and their members. They were particularly associated with the pre-eminence of independent religious practice in rural parts of England and Wales, the northern industrial towns of the late 18th and 19th centuries, and centres of population close to but outside the City of London . As a result, "chapel"

840-425: The stress of life, without other people moving around them. The word chapel , like the associated word chaplain , is ultimately derived from Latin . More specifically, the word is derived from a relic of Saint Martin of Tours : traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as

870-499: The time of the 1851 census , more people attended the independent chapels than attended the state religion's Anglican churches. (The Anglican Church does not function as the established church in Scotland.) In Roman Catholic Church canon law, a chapel, technically called an " oratory ", is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not

900-418: The use of military personnel, normally under the leadership of a military chaplain . The earliest Christian places of worship were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building, such as a room in an individual's home. Here, one or two people could pray without being part of a communion or congregation. People who like to use chapels may find it peaceful and relaxing to be away from

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