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93-505: In 2013, one of its senior officials stated that during the last five years, the foundation had invested more than $ 1.6 billion in development projects, as well as building 200 schools, 400 homes and health clinics; and “nearly 100 percent of the income of Setad and the Tadbir Group is placed at the disposal” of the foundation; however, these claims are impossible to verify because its accounts are not publicly available. The Barakat Foundation

186-494: A strain of coronavirus known as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" ( SARS-CoV-2 ). COVID-19 is mainly transmitted when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets / aerosols and small airborne particles containing the virus. Infected people exhale those particles as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing. Transmission is more likely the closer people are. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors. The transmission of

279-564: A capacity of 140 hospital beds, were prepared and sent for deprived areas. The Charity organized that 8000 needy people who live in deprived areas including Helmand region , Hamoun and Nimroz in Sistan and Baluchestan province , cities from South Khorasan Province and Ahmadfedaleh Rural District , travel to Karbala in Arba'een as the special campaign called "the Visa of Paradise". The Barakat Tel Company

372-419: A certain critical size, generally thought to be <100μm diameter, evaporate faster than they settle; due to that fact, they form respiratory aerosol particles that remain airborne for a long period of time over extensive distances. Infectivity can begin four to five days before the onset of symptoms. Infected people can spread the disease even if they are pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic . Most commonly,

465-531: A doctorate academic paper (and an MA) in international law; he reportedly has a doctorate degree in management and economic development planning. He also holds an additional MA in management and a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. Mansurun Group (~1971-78) - As a teenager, Mokhber helped lay the groundwork for the Iranian Revolution in his home city of Dezful by joining the Mansurun Group,

558-566: A guerrilla organization which worked to combat the Pahlavi regime. Through Mansurun, he collaborated with prominent figures in the IRGC and current conservative politicians including Ali and Mohammad Jahanara, Ali Shamkhani, Mohsen Rezaei, Mohammad Forouzandeh, Mohammad Baqer Zulqader and Seyed Ahmed Avai. IRGC Medical Officer, Telecoms and Governance (~1980-2000) - During the Iran-Iraq war, Mokhber became

651-422: A higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects ( long COVID ) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the long-term effects of the disease. COVID‑19 transmission occurs when infectious particles are breathed in or come into contact with

744-423: A letter on 17 May 2023 which contained critical information about an increase in the petrochemical feed rate from 5,000 to 7,000 tomans. This information should have been made public immediately. Instead, it was kept secret for more than 50 days, during which time shareholders close to Mokhber sold stocks and related assets. The public announcement on 6 July caused a significant sell-off in the stock market, leading to

837-478: A loss of trust among small shareholders and a substantial drop in the stock market index. Senior capital market expert Mehdi Rozbahani criticized the lack of transparency and the misuse of information, which enabled a small group of individuals to benefit at the expense of ordinary investors. Alleged Corruption Scheme in Iran's Government Sales - A letter written by Ahmad Tavakkoli in 2023 acknowledged that Mokhber and

930-509: A medical officer with the IRGC in his home town of Dezful. In the 1990s, Mokhber was the CEO of Dezful Telecommunications, then deputy governor of Khuzestan Province . Mostazafan Foundation (~2000-07) - In the early 2000s Mokhber's influence expanded considerably when he became Vice President of Mostazafan Foundation , the second largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company and biggest holding company in

1023-646: A number of privatization efforts and played an important role in Iran's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly after Mokhber became EIKO's leader, it established the Barakat Foundation and its subsidiary, the Barakat Pharmaceutical Group . Under Mokhber's EIKO leadership, the Barakat Medical complex promised to develop, manufacture, and deliver 120 million doses of vaccine for $ 1 billion. It took

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1116-458: A profit of 5400 billion tomans. Violent Dispersal of a Peaceful Protest - In an incident recorded by a civilian bystander in late 2023, Mokhber's bodyguards resorted to firing shots to disperse a peaceful protest in his presence in Ahvaz, Iran. Sale and Distribution of Military Weapons - As vice president, Mokhber has helped facilitate Iran's drone sales to Russia and to non-state actors, and

1209-423: A range of effects, such as fatigue , for prolonged periods after an initial COVID-19 infection. This is the result of a condition called long COVID , which can be described as a range of persistent symptoms that continue for months or years. Long-term damage to organs has been observed after the onset of COVID-19. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the protracted effects of long COVID. Reducing

1302-457: A team of six other people were appointed to direct a new privatization plan, the stated purpose of which was to generate income for the Iranian government from "unused or low-productivity public assets." According to the letter, the seven-person team would collect a sales fee of up to 5%. From the sale of 108 thousand billion tomans of government property, MOkhber and his team of managers could turn

1395-683: Is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 . The first known case was identified in Wuhan , China, in December 2019. Most scientists believe the SARS-CoV-2 virus entered into human populations through natural zoonosis , similar to the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV outbreaks, and consistent with other pandemics in human history. Social and environmental factors including climate change , natural ecosystem destruction and wildlife trade increased

1488-686: Is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. It was first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan. All structural features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus particle occur in related coronaviruses in nature, particularly in Rhinolophus sinicus (Chinese horseshoe bats). Outside the human body, the virus is destroyed by household soap which bursts its protective bubble . Hospital disinfectants, alcohols, heat, povidone-iodine , and ultraviolet -C (UV-C) irradiation are also effective disinfection methods for surfaces. SARS-CoV-2

1581-500: Is a principal player in finding customers for Iranian arms. In October 2022, he was sent to Moscow along with senior IRGC officials and a Supreme National Security Council official to finalize an agreement to send Shahed drones and surface-to-surface missiles to Russia to support its invasion of Ukraine . Ali-Reza Mokhber , Mohammad Mokhber's brother, is the current CEO of Khuzestan Steel Factory. He has been criticized for his lavish lifestyle. Mokhber's son, Sajjad Mokhber ,

1674-615: Is alleged to have leveraged his position in Mostazafan and Sina Bank to help the MTN joint venture obtain the $ 31.6 billion contract on the condition that the MTN joint venture assist the Iranian government. This assistance included the acquisition of military equipment prohibited under the UN arms embargo at the time. It also allegedly included agreements that the MTN joint venture would use its influence to sway South Africa's vote on Iran's nuclear program with

1767-571: Is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases. Published data on the neuropathological changes related with COVID-19 have been limited and contentious, with neuropathological descriptions ranging from moderate to severe hemorrhagic and hypoxia phenotypes , thrombotic consequences, changes in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM-type), encephalitis and meningitis . Many COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities have hypoxia and have been in intensive care for varying lengths of time, confounding interpretation of

1860-433: Is available, guidelines and recommendations for hypertensive patients remain. The effect of the virus on ACE2 cell surfaces leads to leukocytic infiltration, increased blood vessel permeability, alveolar wall permeability, as well as decreased secretion of lung surfactants. These effects cause the majority of the respiratory symptoms. However, the aggravation of local inflammation causes a cytokine storm eventually leading to

1953-402: Is because pregnant women with COVID‑19 appear to be more likely to develop respiratory and obstetric complications that can lead to miscarriage , premature delivery and intrauterine growth restriction . Fungal infections such as aspergillosis , candidiasis , cryptococcosis and mucormycosis have been recorded in patients recovering from COVID‑19. COVID‑19 is caused by infection with

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2046-522: Is closely related to the original SARS-CoV . It is thought to have an animal ( zoonotic ) origin. Genetic analysis has revealed that the coronavirus genetically clusters with the genus Betacoronavirus , in subgenus Sarbecovirus (lineage B) together with two bat-derived strains. It is 96% identical at the whole genome level to other bat coronavirus samples (BatCov RaTG13 ). The structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 include membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), and

2139-417: Is on the agenda of Barkat Foundation." The Foundation has prepared health services for deprived populations and has supported over 60,000 cancer patients by building equipped cancer clinic type 3. The Foundation has carried out 482 economic and entrepreneurship projects for 198,000 people who need a job in 31 provinces of the country. Six pharmaceutical companies affiliated to setad, under the administration of

2232-521: Is one of the companies affiliated with the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order , funded by Barakat Foundation as a designer and executor of the Electronic Health Program to develop services at the deprived areas of the country in the field of public health. The company provides 18 types of electronic services during the Electronic Health Program. The Barkat Pharmaceutical Group is a subsidiary of

2325-512: Is owned by Mostazafan. Both Sina Bank and MTN Irancell were involved in international scandals concerning activities that took place during Mokhber's tenure, which contributed to sanctions of Mokhber, Sina Bank and Mostazafan (see Corruption and Abuse of Power, and Sanctions). Sina Bank - As chairperson of Sina Bank's board, Mokhber oversaw its financing of Iran's ballistic missile and nuclear programs. This led directly to EU sanctions against both Mokhber and Sina Bank in 2010. In that same year,

2418-591: Is subject to secondary sanctions (IRAN-EO13876) which limit his global travel and financial liquidity. As the former first vice president, and with the approval of the Supreme Leader of Iran , Mokhber assumed "the powers and functions of the President" as the temporary acting President of Iran, upon the death of his predecessor, in accordance with the Constitution of Iran . A Temporary Presidential Council consisting of

2511-595: Is the cause of the bud release and the formation of the viral envelope. The N and E protein are accessory proteins that interfere with the host's immune response. Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the host factor that SARS-CoV-2 virus targets causing COVID‑19. Theoretically, the usage of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and ACE inhibitors upregulating ACE2 expression might increase morbidity with COVID‑19, though animal data suggest some potential protective effect of ARB; however no clinical studies have proven susceptibility or outcomes. Until further data

2604-572: Is the chairperson of at least seven companies. Several of these are subsidiary companies of Pasargad Bank, a Tehran-based investment bank. Sajjad is one of Pasargad Bank's largest debtors. Mokhber's cousin, Mohammad Reza Mokhber , is an Iranian politician and a lecturer at the University of Tehran. He holds a doctorate from Tehran University and served as the secretary of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution from 2004 to 2017. In July 2010,

2697-407: Is the seventh person to hold the office. Mokhber was the first person selected by former president Ebrahim Raisi after he took office in early August 2021. During his tenure as first Vice President, Mokhber was also appointed to Iran's Expediency Discernment Council , an advisory body to the supreme leader created by Khomenei in 1988. These appointments placed him in control of multiple facets of

2790-465: Is the viral component that attaches to the host receptor via the ACE2 receptors. It includes two subunits: S1 and S2. Studies have shown that S1 domain induced IgG and IgA antibody levels at a much higher capacity. It is the focus spike proteins expression that are involved in many effective COVID‑19 vaccines. The M protein is the viral protein responsible for the transmembrane transport of nutrients. It

2883-896: The Alpha variant (B.1.1.7, formerly called the UK variant), first found in London and Kent, the Beta variant (B.1.351, formerly called the South Africa variant), the Gamma variant (P.1, formerly called the Brazil variant), the Delta variant (B.1.617.2, formerly called the India variant), and the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had spread to 57 countries as of 7 December. On December 19, 2023,

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2976-672: The Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order : On 27 July 2021, about 5 million doses of Iran Barakat vaccine have been produced in Shafa-farmad factory so far. According to IRNA , quoting the spokesman of the National Corona Headquarters and the Deputy Minister of " Ministry of Health and Medical Education ": "Barakat Iranian vaccine is (also) produced exclusively for Omicron." Ehsan-Barakat Charity foundation associated to Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order and Barekat Foundation

3069-759: The Iraq-Iran war , he was a medical officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and before the war he was a member of the revolutionary Mansurun Group (see Career). Mokhber's career from young revolutionary to public official is dogged with allegations of corruption, some of which have led to investigations, regarding privatization of Iran's public assets, insider trading, human rights abuses, and affiliation with Iran's nuclear program (see Corruption and Abuse of Power). These resulted in international sanctions of Mokhber and his affiliate organizations, Sina Bank and Mostazafan (see Sanctions). Mokhber

3162-530: The Setad , which was established in 2010 under the name of "New Technologies of Tedbir Pharmaceutical Technologies". The company provides services through cooperation with Knowledge enterprises and the world's medical scientists. Barkat Ventures is the part of Setad for New Technologies and the Development of Knowledge Economy. Its duties are introduced based on Iranian-Islamic pattern in establishing and expanding

3255-572: The Spanish flu , Middle East respiratory syndrome , and Zika virus . In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma . The official names COVID‑19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by

3348-482: The small intestine . The virus can cause acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system . An acute cardiac injury was found in 12% of infected people admitted to the hospital in Wuhan, China, and is more frequent in severe disease. Rates of cardiovascular symptoms are high, owing to the systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression, but acute myocardial injuries may also be related to ACE2 receptors in

3441-705: The spike protein (S). The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is about 98% similar to the M protein of bat SARS-CoV, maintains around 98% homology with pangolin SARS-CoV, and has 90% homology with the M protein of SARS-CoV; whereas, the similarity is only around 38% with the M protein of MERS-CoV . The many thousands of SARS-CoV-2 variants are grouped into either clades or lineages . The WHO, in collaboration with partners, expert networks, national authorities, institutions and researchers, have established nomenclature systems for naming and tracking SARS-CoV-2 genetic lineages by GISAID , Nextstrain and Pango . The expert group convened by

3534-737: The Acting President, the Speaker of the Assembly, and the Head of Judiciary was formed and a new election date was set for June 28, 2024 with a run-off date of July 5, 2024. Masoud Pezeshkian won the presidential runoff election in July 2024 and was appointed as the President on 28 July 2024. Mohammad Mokhber was born in Dezful , Iran, on 26 June 1955 to a clerical family. He possesses two doctoral degrees, including

3627-538: The B.1 lineage. Several notable variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerged throughout 2020. Cluster 5 emerged among minks and mink farmers in Denmark . After strict quarantines and the slaughter of all the country's mink , the cluster was assessed to no longer be circulating among humans in Denmark as of 1 February 2021. As of December 2021 , there are five dominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 spreading among global populations:

3720-513: The Barakat Foundation is spending their income in for charitable movement. The Barakat Foundation and Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (in cooperation with the Ministry of Health) have pursued/implemented the issue of Telehealth . According to the minister of Health, Saeed Namaki: "... This great scientific work helps us in order to utilize a tool called "telemedicine" in these (far) areas of

3813-539: The CNS, possibly within an infected white blood cell. Research conducted when Alpha was the dominant variant has suggested COVID-19 may cause brain damage. Later research showed that all variants studied (including Omicron) killed brain cells, but the exact cells killed varied by variant. It is unknown if such damage is temporary or permanent. Observed individuals infected with COVID-19 (most with mild cases) experienced an additional 0.2% to 2% of brain tissue lost in regions of

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3906-506: The COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: a respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum , shortness of breath , and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell

3999-520: The European Union included Mokhber, then the president of EIKO, in a list of persons and entities it was sanctioning for alleged involvement in the issue of "nuclear or ballistic missiles activities." In 2012, Mokhber was removed from the list. In 2021, Mokhber was sanctioned by the United States over EIKO's role in violating “the rights of dissidents by confiscating land and property from opponents of

4092-504: The International Atomic Energy Agency, and would facilitate funding for internationally designated terrorist organizations including Hezbollah and the IRGC. Allegations of corruption in the contract award process resulted in two international lawsuits filed in following years, detailed below. The first lawsuit was filed in 2004 by Turkcell, a competitor for the award. It alleged that MTN had offered bribes to secure

4185-582: The Iranian corona vaccine on December 29, 2020; The first phase of human testing of the vaccine began with the injection for 56 volunteers. The second group of the volunteers was also injected with the vaccine. According to the head of the vaccine production team at the Setad , the results show that this vaccine also neutralizes the British mutated COVID-19 virus. The vaccine has passed the phase(s) 2 and 3 of clinical studies; and currently it has reached its final phase. The production line of 25 million doses per month of

4278-510: The Iranian economy, such as the development of a strategic industrial plan and the promotion of domestic production, and at least one large privatization effort. In January 2023 the expediency discernment council placed him at the head of a seven-man commission tasked with managing the sale of government properties worth approximately $ 275 million. This commission has incurred allegations of corruption, and generated widespread alarm due to Iran's history of opaque privatization efforts which benefit

4371-458: The Middle East. He was additionally made CEO of the foundation's Trade and Transport organization and placed on the board of two entities apparently linked to the foundation: Sina Bank, 84% of which is owned by Mostazafan, and MTN Irancell. While Iranian corporate records are not available to substantiate MTN Irancell's true ownership, a lawsuit filed by Turkcell in 2004 alleges 51% of the company

4464-529: The U.S. Department of the Treasury added Mokhber, EIKO and its subsidiaries to its sanctions list, stating that EIKO controls a sizable portion of Iran's economy, including assets confiscated from political opponents and religious minorities for the benefit of senior Iranian government officials. In November 2020 the U.S. also sanctioned Mostazafan, stating that it expropriates wealth from Iranian citizens. COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 )

4557-658: The U.S. also designated Sina Bank as an Iranian government-owned organization. In 2018 the U.S. Department of Treasury also sanctioned Sina Bank (see Sanctions). Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (EIKO), Head of Executive Staff (2007–21) - On 16 July 2007, Mokhber was appointed head of the EIKO by Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Mokhber's appointment put him at the head of a powerful conglomerate which controls over $ 95 billion in assets built on "the systematic seizure of thousands of properties belonging to ordinary Iranians," according to Reuters. Under his leadership, it executed

4650-472: The WHO declared that another distinctive variant, JN.1, had emerged as a "variant of interest". Though the WHO expected an increase in cases globally, particularly for countries entering winter, the overall global health risk was considered low. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect a wide range of cells and systems of the body. COVID‑19 is most known for affecting the upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) and

4743-759: The WHO on 11 February 2020 with COVID-19 being shorthand for "coronavirus disease 2019". The WHO additionally uses "the COVID‑19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID‑19" in public communications. The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing , fever , loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches , nasal congestion and runny nose , muscle pain , sore throat , diarrhea , eye irritation , and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties . People with

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4836-547: The WHO recommended the labelling of variants using letters of the Greek alphabet , for example, Alpha , Beta , Delta , and Gamma , giving the justification that they "will be easier and more practical to discussed by non-scientific audiences". Nextstrain divides the variants into five clades (19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, and 20C), while GISAID divides them into seven (L, O, V, S, G, GH, and GR). The Pango tool groups variants into lineages , with many circulating lineages being classed under

4929-471: The borders. According to the CEO of Barkat Foundation: 57,000 construction projects have been initiated in Barkat Foundation and nearly 52,000 of them have come to fruition. COVIran Barekat , the first COVID-19 vaccine produced by Iranian researchers has been produced by Shifa-Pharmed Company (a subsidiary of Barakat Pharmaceutical Group). The human-injection of the first phase of clinical studies of

5022-515: The brain connected to the sense of smell compared with uninfected individuals, and the overall effect on the brain was equivalent on average to at least one extra year of normal ageing; infected individuals also scored lower on several cognitive tests. All effects were more pronounced among older ages. The virus also affects gastrointestinal organs as ACE2 is abundantly expressed in the glandular cells of gastric , duodenal and rectal epithelium as well as endothelial cells and enterocytes of

5115-591: The brain found as complications leading to death in people infected with COVID‑19. Infection may initiate a chain of vasoconstrictive responses within the body, including pulmonary vasoconstriction – a possible mechanism in which oxygenation decreases during pneumonia. Furthermore, damage of arterioles and capillaries was found in brain tissue samples of people who died from COVID‑19. COVID‑19 may also cause substantial structural changes to blood cells , sometimes persisting for months after hospital discharge. A low level of blood lymphocytess may result from

5208-428: The brains of those who have died from COVID‑19, but these results need to be confirmed. While virus has been detected in cerebrospinal fluid of autopsies, the exact mechanism by which it invades the CNS remains unclear and may first involve invasion of peripheral nerves given the low levels of ACE2 in the brain. The virus may also enter the bloodstream from the lungs and cross the blood–brain barrier to gain access to

5301-409: The clear jelly liquid found in lung autopsies of people who died of COVID-19. One possibility addressed in medical research is that hyuralonic acid (HA) could be the leading factor for this observation of the clear jelly liquid found in the lungs, in what could be hyuralonic storm, in conjunction with cytokine storm . One common symptom, loss of smell, results from infection of the support cells of

5394-439: The contract. Although the lawsuit eventually turned in favor of Irancell, it brought about the arrest in 2019 of Pretoria's former ambassador to Iran on charges that they accepted a bribe in exchange for support of MTN's receipt of the contract. Fallout from the arrest also prompted the early retirement of the CEO of MTN Irancell, Ali-Reza Ghalambor Dezfouli. A later lawsuit filed in 2021 by the United States linked MTN Irancell to

5487-480: The country. This new approach (telemedicine) allows us to increase productivity in Islamic Republic of Iran's specialized manpower and have health justice in the farthest areas of Iran. He also added, "it began in the farthest and most deprived parts of the country." Among the activities of this foundation is related to its participation in infrastructure development and providing services to Arba'een pilgrims at

5580-406: The data. Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia ), while 14% develop severe symptoms ( dyspnea , hypoxia , or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) that require hospitalization, and 5% of patients develop critical symptoms ( respiratory failure , septic shock , or multiorgan dysfunction ) requiring ICU admission. At least a third of

5673-557: The death of President Ebrahim Raisi , Mokhber assumed the role of Acting President of Iran, and was confirmed in his position by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 20 May, until new presidential elections are held. Mokhber attended Raisi's funeral in Tehran on 22 May. He oversaw a scheduled cabinet meeting, in which he announced about the crash at the end of the meeting, according to the government spokesman Ali Bahadori Jahromi. As president, Mokhber made his first public address on 27 May at

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5766-557: The death of President Ebrahim Raisi in the Varzaqan helicopter crash on 19 May 2024. Mokhber was also the 7th First Vice President of Iran from 2021 to 2024. Previously, he was also the head of the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order committee (EIKO, a.k.a. Setad), an executive at the Mostazafan Foundation , chairman of the board of Sina Bank , deputy governor of Khuzestan Province and CEO of Dezful Telecommunications. During

5859-492: The ecosystem and infrastructure for the development of knowledge and activities of Knowledge enterprise. Mohammad Mokhber Mohammad Mokhber (born 26 June 1955) is an Iranian politician. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council since September 2022 and also advisor and aide to the Supreme Leader of Iran since September 2024. Mokhber became acting president of Iran after

5952-716: The expression of ACE-2, thereby facilitating the SARS-Cov2 virus to enter cells and to replicate. A competition of negative feedback loops (via protective effects of interferon alpha) and positive feedback loops (via upregulation of ACE-2) is assumed to determine the fate of patients suffering from COVID-19. Additionally, people with COVID‑19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have classical serum biomarkers of CRS, including elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer , and ferritin . Systemic inflammation results in vasodilation , allowing inflammatory lymphocytic and monocytic infiltration of

6045-428: The eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is highest when people are in close proximity, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose or mouth after touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated by the virus. People remain contagious for up to 20 days and can spread

6138-521: The face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic , managing the disease through supportive care , isolation , and experimental measures . During the initial outbreak in Wuhan , the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus", with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia". In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as

6231-401: The funding and arming of terrorist groups, directly contributing to American casualties between 2011 and 2016. COVIran Barakat Vaccine - Under Mokhber's leadership at EIKO, its subsidiary company the Barakat Pharmaceutical Group promised to develop, manufacture and deliver 120 million doses of a domestic COVID-19 vaccine, COVIran Barakat , in exchange for $ 1 billion. The conglomerate took

6324-517: The head of the foundation's board of directors mentioned, Barakat Foundation is going to provided 10,000 jobs in rural and deprived regions of Iran till March 2019. In Sistan and Baluchestan Province , Barakat Foundation is going to establish two factories for packaging and processing dates to support farmers. During five years Barakat has been supported several economic development projects, such as building schools, roads, housing units and mosques, as well as providing water and electricity. According to

6417-523: The heart. ACE2 receptors are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in heart function. A high incidence of thrombosis and venous thromboembolism occurs in people transferred to intensive care units with COVID‑19 infections, and may be related to poor prognosis. Blood vessel dysfunction and clot formation (as suggested by high D-dimer levels caused by blood clots) may have a significant role in mortality, incidents of clots leading to pulmonary embolisms , and ischaemic events (strokes) within

6510-500: The host cell. Following viral entry, COVID‑19 infects the ciliated epithelium of the nasopharynx and upper airways. Autopsies of people who died of COVID‑19 have found diffuse alveolar damage , and lymphocyte-containing inflammatory infiltrates within the lung. From the CT scans of COVID-19 infected lungs, white patches were observed containing fluid known as ground-glass opacity (GGO) or simply ground glass. This tended to correlate with

6603-522: The infection, children may develop paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome , which has symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease , which can be fatal. In very rare cases, acute encephalopathy can occur, and it can be considered in those who have been diagnosed with COVID‑19 and have an altered mental status. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , pregnant women are at increased risk of becoming seriously ill from COVID‑19. This

6696-850: The likelihood of such zoonotic spillover . The disease quickly spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic . The symptoms of COVID‑19 are variable but often include fever, fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties , loss of smell , and loss of taste . Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms . Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia ), while 14% develop severe symptoms ( dyspnea , hypoxia , or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms ( respiratory failure , shock , or multiorgan dysfunction ). Older people are at

6789-450: The lower respiratory tract (windpipe and lungs). The lungs are the organs most affected by COVID‑19 because the virus accesses host cells via the receptor for the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is most abundant on the surface of type II alveolar cells of the lungs. The virus uses a special surface glycoprotein called a " spike " to connect to the ACE2 receptor and enter

6882-409: The lung and the heart. In particular, pathogenic GM-CSF-secreting T cells were shown to correlate with the recruitment of inflammatory IL-6-secreting monocytes and severe lung pathology in people with COVID‑19. Lymphocytic infiltrates have also been reported at autopsy. Multiple viral and host factors affect the pathogenesis of the virus. The S-protein , otherwise known as the spike protein,

6975-516: The meeting of the new Islamic Consultative Assembly which was convened following the 2024 Iranian legislative election , during which he praised Raisi's presidency. MTN Irancell - In 2003, Mokhber played a pivotal role in convincing the parliament to pass a bill establishing MTN Irancell, Iran's second largest telecommunications company, as a joint venture between the South African MTN group and an Iranian partner, Kowsar Sign Paniz. Mokhber

7068-447: The moment a person first becomes infected and the appearance of the first symptoms. The median delay for COVID-19 is four to five days possibly being infectious on 1–4 of those days. Most symptomatic people experience symptoms within two to seven days after exposure, and almost all will experience at least one symptom within 12 days. Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people continue to experience

7161-595: The money, but only produced 5 million doses (see Corruption and Abuse of Power). As the leader of EIKO, Mokhber also spearheaded multiple privatization efforts, most notably that of 65 subsidiaries of the EIKO and Barakat. In 2019 the U.S. sanctioned Mokhber, EIKO, and its subsidiaries (see Sanctions). First Vice President of Iran and Member of the Expediency Council (2021–24) - On 8 August 2021, President Ebrahim Raisi appointed Mokhber first vice president of Iran . He

7254-481: The money, but only produced ~5 million doses. Each dose is reported to have been again sold to the government of Iran, who had already paid US$ 1 billion, for 200,000 tomans per dose. According to an official report by the Iranian Ministry of Health, less than 10% of the total vaccines injected in the country were domestic. Insider Trading - While undertaking his duties as first vice president, Mokhber signed

7347-480: The olfactory epithelium , with subsequent damage to the olfactory neurons . The involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous system in COVID‑19 has been reported in many medical publications. It is clear that many people with COVID-19 exhibit neurological or mental health issues . The virus is not detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of the majority of COVID-19 patients with neurological issues . However, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected at low levels in

7440-488: The peak viral load in upper respiratory tract samples occurs close to the time of symptom onset and declines after the first week after symptoms begin. Current evidence suggests a duration of viral shedding and the period of infectiousness of up to ten days following symptom onset for people with mild to moderate COVID-19, and up to 20 days for persons with severe COVID-19, including immunocompromised people. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus   2 (SARS-CoV-2)

7533-411: The people who are infected with the virus do not develop noticeable symptoms at any point in time. These asymptomatic carriers tend not to get tested and can still spread the disease. Other infected people will develop symptoms later (called "pre-symptomatic") or have very mild symptoms and can also spread the virus. As is common with infections, there is a delay, or incubation period , between

7626-525: The problems of 1,000 villages. It would be good to develop 1,000 places or to build 1,000 schools. Prepare this organisation for this task”, Barakat was created as the affiliated department to Setad. The organization aimed to carry out construction projects in underdeveloped regions of the country as a “Leader’s gift to people living in these regions”, according to the IRNA . Barakat Foundation aims to provide sustainable employment and facilitate process in villages. As

7719-506: The regime” and other human rights abuses. In 2010, the U.S. also designated Sina Bank as “owned or controlled by the Government of Iran.” The U.S. sanctioned Sina Bank in 2018 under counterterrorism authority Executive Order (E.O.) 13224 following revelations that Sina Bank financed the Basij , a paramilitary unit within the IRGC and U.S.-designated terrorist organization. On 24 January 2019

7812-542: The report of the International Quran News Agency, the Barkat Foundation has built 2,000 schools in cooperation with the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order , and the 2,000th school was opened in March 2023. Among its other activities is the operation of 500 water supply projects to 500 deprived villages in the country. Likewise, According to the CEO of this foundation: "Building schools with Iranian Islamic identity

7905-416: The respiratory tract, people with severe COVID‑19 have symptoms of systemic hyperinflammation. Clinical laboratory findings of elevated IL‑2 , IL‑6 , IL‑7 , as well as the following suggest an underlying immunopathology: Interferon alpha plays a complex, Janus-faced role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Although it promotes the elimination of virus-infected cells, it also upregulates

7998-859: The risk of long COVID includes staying up to date on the most recent COVID-19 vaccine, practicing good hygiene, maintaining clean indoor air, and physical distancing from people infected with a respiratory virus. Complications may include pneumonia , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure , septic shock , and death. Cardiovascular complications may include heart failure, arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation ), heart inflammation , thrombosis , particularly venous thromboembolism , and endothelial cell injury and dysfunction. Approximately 20–30% of people who present with COVID‑19 have elevated liver enzymes , reflecting liver injury. Neurologic manifestations include seizure , stroke, encephalitis , and Guillain–Barré syndrome (which includes loss of motor functions ). Following

8091-574: The security establishment and powerful elites (see Corruption and Abuse of Power). In addition to economic activities, as first vice president, Mokhber was responsible for the implementation of the Supreme Leader's domestic and foreign policy priorities and conducted diplomatic meetings with public and military officials throughout the region, notably commanders from the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces . On 19 May 2024, after

8184-465: The vaccine was discharged on 26 April 2021. With the signing of a memorandum (of understanding) of cooperation between the Barakat Foundation and the Deputy Minister of "Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism", the process of creating 3,000 jobs began with the support of 1,000 handicraft production projects with priority given to the victims of COVID-19 . According to the Deputy Coordinator of

8277-507: The virus acting through ACE2-related entry into lymphocytes. Another common cause of death is complications related to the kidneys . Early reports show that up to 30% of hospitalised patients both in China and in New York have experienced some injury to their kidneys, including some persons with no previous kidney problems. Although SARS-CoV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of

8370-752: The virus even if they do not develop symptoms. Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus's nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR), transcription-mediated amplification , and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP) from a nasopharyngeal swab . Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns . Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing , quarantining , ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing , and keeping unwashed hands away from

8463-509: The virus is carried out through virus-laden fluid particles, or droplets, which are created in the respiratory tract, and they are expelled by the mouth and the nose. There are three types of transmission: "droplet" and "contact", which are associated with large droplets, and "airborne", which is associated with small droplets. If the droplets are above a certain critical size, they settle faster than they evaporate , and therefore they contaminate surfaces surrounding them. Droplets that are below

8556-467: Was established on 11 December 2007, two months after Mohammad Mokhber was elected as the leader of Setad, in order to perform activities in fields of entrepreneurship and the social and economic development in the deprived areas. The foundation was formerly managed by Aref Norouzi. The current manager is Amir Hosein Madani. Following the statement by Khamenei , the current Supreme Leader of Iran, i.e. “solve

8649-564: Was founded in order to request of current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei to provide more quickly help for individual cases (needy people). As Mokhber, the chief of Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order nominated, the activities which be performed by the Charity relies on people’s help. According to Mohammad Vudud Madani, the manager of Ehsan-Barakat in May 2018, 3 trailer equipped with medical equipment and 2 service trailers, as well as 10 tents with

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