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38-650: Baquedano may refer to: People [ edit ] Manuel Baquedano , Chilean military man during the War of the Pacific and provisional chief of government after the 1891 civil war. Fernando Baquedano , Chilean military man, father of Manuel Baquedano. Places [ edit ] Baquedano, Antofagasta , a village in Chile. Baquedano metro station Plaza Baquedano Cordón Baquedano Baquedano Street Baquedano, Navarra ,

76-477: A "poverty of ideas" and a poor command of tactics. Baquedano's main political rival, José Francisco Vergara , also pointed out his tactical weaknesses, but acknowledged that the victory at Miraflores was due in part to the successful envelopment that he ordered. Baquedano retired from military life in May 1881. He was twice offered a presidential candidacy, but on both occasions the campaign did not prosper. By means of

114-732: A city that had barely 1,000 men for its defense, under the command of José Miguel Carrera Fontecilla, son of the Father of the Nation of the same name. Even so, the Liberals continued their resistance. After the defeat of the Concepción revolutionaries in the Battle of Loncomilla on 8 December, the Revolution had lost its drive and was reduced to an isolated stronghold in the city of La Serena. However, on 26 December,

152-496: A law passed in August 1881, the government of Domingo Santa María granted him lifelong honors, pay and allowances at the level of an active commander in chief. He was elected as a senator for Santiago for two terms, between 1882 and 1888, and by Colchagua for another two terms, between 1888 and 1894. From these positions he participated in the reorganization of the Army and was a member of

190-570: A reputation in the liberal governments and among the people of the city. When the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia broke out in April 1879, Baquedano was general in command of the cavalry. In November 1879 he disembarked his troops in Pisagua under orders from infantry commander General Erasmo Escala . This manoeuvre is regarded as the first amphibious disembarkation in history. He took part in

228-605: A revolution broke out in Copiapó by the forces under the command of Bernardino Barahona. Most of the soldiers who defended La Serena, moved north to support this new revolution. At the end of December, La Serena, with its empty trenches, was easily occupied by Government forces, without an armistice having been negotiated between the both sides. On 8 January 1852, the Revolutionary forces of Copiapó were defeated in Linderos de Ramadilla by

266-552: A small fortune. Baquedano returned to military life in June 1859, when the government called him up to suppress the revolution that occurred in Concepción. For his services he was promoted to regular sergeant major. Seven years later, in October 1866, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and served in this post in Los Angeles, combining this with his agricultural work. At the end of 1868,

304-625: A town in Spain Ships [ edit ] Chilean frigate General Baquedano (PF-09) Chilean corvette Baquedano (1898) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Baquedano . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baquedano&oldid=1042230785 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

342-450: A wide margin, Cruz accused the regime of electoral fraud and declared the election void. He also alleged that government agents were conspiring to assassinate him, but the men accused were acquitted by the Chilean courts. After that Cruz withdrew to Concepción from Santiago. Small protests began in Concepción, Coquimbo and Maule , which would gradually escalate into open rebellion . In

380-536: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Manuel Baquedano Manuel Baquedano was of Spanish ( Navarra ) descent. He took part in the War of the Confederation , the revolutions of 1851 and 1859 , the Occupation of Araucanía , and the War of the Pacific. He also served as Senator for Santiago and for Colchagua . He was instrumental in reorganizing

418-751: The Chilean Constitution of 1833 . After various battles and sieges, by late December 1851 government forces had subdued the revolutionaries. After the Battle of Lircay ended the Chilean Civil War of 1829–30 , Chile formed a conservative political system under the 1833 Constitution , drafted by Mariano Egaña , which established a one-party presidential polity. In the succeeding decades, various liberal social and political movements emerged, led by intellectuals like Santiago Arcos , Francisco Bilbao , José Victorino Lastarria and Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna . These and others formed institutions such as

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456-523: The Literary Society of 1842 and the Society of Equality , which sought to rally the population to achieve an increase in civil rights . During the 1840s many small newspapers began to appear in Chile such as, Guerra a la Tiranía , which used language that facilitated violence among liberal social groups throughout Chile. Other newspapers such as El Semanario and El Mercurio , two popular newspapers at

494-829: The Mapuche chieftain Mañil . According to historian José Bengoa , the Mapuches saw the central government in Santiago as their main enemy, explaining their participation on the side of Cruz in the Concepción-based revolt. Cruz had previously been in charge of the Army of the South and had helped to prevent a possible Mapuche-Chilean war arising from the wreck of Joven Daniel in 1849. On 28 October another uprising began in Valparaíso , led by artisans of

532-499: The War of the Confederation broke out. He fled his home in July 1838 to join the troops leaving for the War. He participated in the Battle of Yungay in 1839, being promoted on the field to Lieutenant at the age of 16. Manuel Baquedano returned to Chile and completed his military training. He was promoted to regular Lieutenant on January 23, 1845, served as Adjutant in the Grenadiers, and

570-456: The army barracks to arm more men, but few of the soldiers they had hoped for joined in the uprising. Two loyalist battalions organized to face the rebels and prepared a counteroffensive from the Alameda and Santa Lucia Hill . The fighting lasted about five hours, after which Urriola was killed along with more than 200 others. When the government announced that Montt had won the election by

608-610: The battle of La Placilla , it was clear that the President could no longer hope to find a sufficient strength amongst his adherents to maintain himself in power. On August 29, 1891, Balmaceda officially handed power to General Baquedano, who attempted to keep order in Santiago until the arrival of the congressional leaders on the 30th. He then handed power to Navy captain Jorge Montt on the 31st, and retired permanently to private life. He died at his home in Santiago on 30 September 1897, at

646-457: The presidential election to oppose then-president Manuel Bulnes 's preferred successor, Manuel Montt . Concerned that the election might not end in their favor, Cruz and other opposition groups decided to attempt a military coup , to be carried out in Santiago by Colonel Pedro Urriola Balbontín . At dawn on 20 April, Urriola and his companions seized the main streets of Santiago and stormed

684-506: The Army again called on his services in relation to the Occupation of Araucanía , to counter the indigenous rebellion headed by Quilapán and other Mapuche chiefs. Under the orders of general Jose Manuel Pinto , commander of the frontier forces, he took part in numerous conflicts in Malleco and Renaico , from January to May 1869. Resulting from his service there, in September of that year he

722-540: The Army and establishing the Military Academy. Manuel Baquedano was born in Santiago , the son of cavalry colonel Fernando Baquedano and of Teresa González de Labra y Ros. He studied at the school of clergyman Juan Romo and at the Instituto Nacional of Chile. During this time he became lifelong friends with Federico Errázuriz and Eusebio Lillo . Baquedano was only 15 years old and still at school when

760-534: The Battle of Chorrillos. Of a stubborn and obstinate nature, he tolerated no argument once he had taken a decision. After the Battle of Tacna, when his tactics were publicly criticised in the El Mercurio de Valparaíso newspaper, an enraged Baquedano had the reporter arrested and held incommunicado aboard the warship Abtao . The historian Francisco Encina , while recognizing Baquedano's courage, described him as having

798-488: The Chilean army, ending the uprising in the provinces. After the failure of the Revolution, the government of Montt began a program of political persecution against the instigators of the uprisings, led by his minister Antonio Varas , which included arrests and deportations. Dozens of notable government opponents were driven into exile, including Arcos, Bilbao, Lastarria and Vicuña Mackenna. Between 2,000 and 4,000 men had died in

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836-667: The Liberals in Petorca made them remain in the Province of Coquimbo , while some mining businessmen favoring the Government, decided to create a counterrevolutionary army under the command of Ignacio José Prieto. In the meantime, an Government army detachment under the command of Juan Vidaurre-Leal Morla and Victorino Garrido landed in Papudo and headed towards the province of Coquimbo with 4,000 soldiers. These joined Prieto and marched to La Serena ,

874-503: The Society of Brotherhood (the surviving local chapter of Society of Equality ). The Valparaíso mutiny was led by Rafael Bilbao and José Antonio Riquelme . On 21 November a Chilean naval officer named José Miguel Cambiazo led a mutiny in Punta Arenas , which was eventually put down by the Chilean navy. Meanwhile, the revolution was still raging in the north. However, the defeat of

912-767: The age of 74. There was an equestrian statue of Baquedano by the Edificio Telefónica in Av Providencia at Santiago. There are several places in Chile named for Baquedano: Baquedano metro station and Plaza Baquedano in Santiago; Baquedano Street in Iquique; and the Cordón Baquedano range in Chilean Tierra del Fuego . Two ships of the Chilean Navy have borne his name: the frigate General Baquedano (PF-09) and

950-720: The city, who organized a revolutionary militia of 600 men from La Serena, Ovalle and Illapel. Calling themselves the "Restorers of the North," they were commanded by José Miguel Carrera Fontecilla . A revolutionary government was formed in the city, declaring the abolition of the Constitution of 1833. After a defeat by government forces in the Battle of Petorca , the city was besieged. The uprising in Concepción, by contrast, had little to do with liberalism , as José María de la Cruz and other Concepción strongmen were pelucones (conservatives). Instead, historian Fernando Silva (1974) claims that

988-470: The corvette Baquedano . On March 12, 2021, the statue in Plaza Baquedano has been removed in order to be restored after several acts of violence and defacement against it. Revolution of 1851 [REDACTED] Chilean Government The Revolution of 1851 (or Civil War of 1851 ) was an attempt by Chilean liberals to overthrow the conservative government of president Manuel Montt and repeal

1026-464: The election of Montt meant the loss of the political hegemony Concepción had enjoyed in the 1829–1851 period under the presidents José Joaquín Prieto and Manuel Bulnes , both of whom were from that city. Because of this the Concepción elite would have supported the overthrow of the Montt regime. Cruz armed a group of four thousand men, including liberal supporters, rebel troops, mountaineers, and warriors of

1064-497: The first three land campaigns : Tarapacá , Tacna and Arica , and Lima , and planned the Battle of Los Ángeles . After the resignation of General Escala over a dispute with Rafael Sotomayor Baeza, the Minister of War , Sotomayor appointed Baquedano as Commander-in-Chief, in the expectation that Baquedano's abilities as commander would enable him to restore good order and morale among the troops. The military reputation of Baquedano

1102-520: The government bodyguard in January 1852. At the beginning of 1854, Baquedano lost his commission as military commandant of the city of Angol over a confused barracks mutiny incident in which his real involvement was never clarified. Baquedano then resigned from active service, and with his savings acquired the small Santa Teresa hacienda at La Laja, near the city of Los Angeles . The government did not accept his resignation and appointed him adjutant to

1140-557: The meantime, the government began arresting political opponents. Days before Manuel Montt assumed power on 18 September 1851, dissident uprisings seized power in Concepción and La Serena . According to historian Alberto Edwards the uprising was not only rooted in liberalism but also in provincialism . The revolution in La Serena was led by Pedro Pablo Muñoz , the brothers Antonio and Ignacio Alfonso , and other notable residents of

1178-519: The military command in Valparaíso in March 1855. Following an appeal, in April he was transferred to the equivalent position at Arauco , in order to be closer to his estate. In August of that year he was appointed commander of the town militia No. 3 in Arauco. Between 1855 and 1869 he dedicated himself to transforming his land into a productive agricultural property, and within five years this had already made him

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1216-456: The navy at Concepción by troops controlled by José María de la Cruz . Baquedano was named adjutant to General Manuel Bulnes and fought in the government forces in the battle of Loncomilla , on 8 December 1851. There, he faced his father and his brother Eleuterio Baquedano. After the battle he requested permission to visit his father, head of the opposing army's General Staff, wounded in the battle. Manuel Montt promoted him sergeant-major of

1254-572: The standing Army and Navy commission, active in establishing the General Staff and the military academy. In April 1889, President José Manuel Balmaceda sent him on a mission to Europe, from which he returned in November 1890. On his return he was again offered a presidential candidacy, but again refused. During the 1891 Chilean Civil War , Baquedano did not side with either political party. But, after Balmaceda's forces were overcome and destroyed at

1292-444: The time, began to denounce these new slanderous newspapers such as Guerra a la Tiranía in order to stop their dangerous journalism from further dividing political parties. The European Revolutions of 1848 also inspired and encouraged opposition political movements, who increasingly saw armed action as the most realistic means of forcing political change . · In early 1851, the opposition advanced candidate José María de la Cruz in

1330-499: Was enhanced by his outstanding direction and participation in the battles of Chorrillos and Miraflores , in January 1881. There, thanks to the efforts of the men under his command, the Peruvian capital was occupied in less than a month. Baquedano returned to Chile when the government of President Aníbal Pinto decided to bring home most of the Army, due to the high cost of maintaining troops. He arrived at Valparaiso in March 1881 and

1368-667: Was entrusted with the command of the Cazadores a Caballo cavalry regiment - the same position that his father had held - and transferred to Santiago. He rose to the rank of colonel in July 1870, to full colonel in April 1872, and to brigadier-general in June 1876. During that decade the government of Federico Errázuriz Zañartu appointed him acting inspector-general of the National Guard, and in 1875 commanding general at Santiago. His military services in Araucanía and his personality earned him

1406-492: Was promoted to full Captain in January 1850. During the Revolution of 1851 , Manuel Baquedano played a decisive role in the confrontation with the troops that rebelled, on 20 April, against the election of Manuel Montt as president. These rebels were commanded by Colonel Pedro Urriola who was supported by young liberals, among whom was his friend Eusebio Lillo . The revolution was followed in September by an armed revolt in

1444-413: Was received by a large crowd; the celebration was repeated in Santiago. Baquedano's military strategy in this war consisted mainly in frontal attack to break the often over-extended enemy lines. Although he had little training in strategy, he is remembered as a general who personally directed battles resulting in decisive victories. He was a strict disciplinarian: he had a soldier shot for cowardice at

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