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106-485: The province's capital and largest city is Pangkalpinang . The province shares maritime borders with South Sumatra to the west, Riau Islands to the north, Banten , the Special Capital Region of Jakarta , West Java , and Central Java to the south, and West Kalimantan to the east. Bangka Belitung covers a land area of 16,690.13 km (6,444.10 sq mi) and had a population of 1,455,678 according to

212-579: A colony of foreign empires ( Dutch , British and Japanese ). Bangka Belitung was a residency within the Dutch East Indies . Upon the independence of Indonesia, the region was administered as part of the province of Sumatra and subsequently of South Sumatra . Bangka Belitung officially became the 31st province of Indonesia on 4 December 2000. The name "Bangka" is derived from the word wangka (वन्च, 'vanca') meaning "tin" in Sanskrit , because this region

318-673: A number of educational observers in 1999 established the Belitung Management Academy. STIE IBEK Babel was also present to enliven the world of higher education in Bangka which was established in 2000 located in Pangkalpinang City with majoring in Accounting and Management. In 2001 AMIK Atma Luhur stood in Pangkalpinang City with a specialty in informatics expertise, has 2 majors namely Management Informatics and Computer Accounting. In

424-475: A scenic beach. Kupang Kupang ( Indonesian : Kota Kupang , Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkupaŋ] ), formerly known as Koepang or Coupang , is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara . At the 2020 Census , it had a population of 442,758; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 444,661. It is the largest city and port (actually the only independent city in

530-422: A substantial contribution to exports worth 8,741,217 million or 48.84 percent and for imports were valued at 5,284,414 million or 29.53 percent of total GDP. The balance of trade which include exports and imports of Bangka Belitung province in 2007 increased the value of the surplus from the previous year. The value of exports in 2007 reached 1254.43 million US dollars, up 17.38 percent over the previous year. While

636-484: A very high aluminium content. Within it are various minerals, such as tin , sand , quartz sand , granite , kaolin , clay , and others. The province is connected by sea waters and small islands. Bangka Belitung is an integral part of the plains of Sunda, so that its waters are part of the Sunda Shelf with a sea depth of no more than 30 metres. As regards the water area, Bangka Belitung has two types of waters, namely

742-507: A wet month for seven months throughout the year and dry month for five months continuously. In 2007 the dry months occurred in August to October with rainy days 11–15 days per month. For the month of wet rainy days 16–27 days per month, occurred in January to July and November to December. Bangka Belitung is entirely surrounded by water. It is bordered by Natuna Sea to the north, Karimata Strait to

848-546: Is also known for its bitter honey. Fauna in Bangka Belitung have more common similarities with the fauna in the Riau Archipelago and Peninsular Malaysia than with Sumatra . Some of the animals that can be found in Bangka Belitung are deer , wild boar , beruk , eagle, weasel , and hare , among others. In 2007, GDP at current prices in Bangka Belitung province with oil and gas amounted to 17,895,017 million, while

954-631: Is an area that has a unique range of cultures and languages. Just like other provinces in Indonesia, Bangka Belitung were European and Japanese colonies. Prior to the colonial era, Bangka Belitung was part the Sriwijaya and Majapahit kingdoms who settled Bangka Belitung to expand their power. The first Europeans arrived in Bangka was the British on 20 May 1812. However, with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 ,

1060-534: Is approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level on the island of Belitung. As for the hilly areas like Bukit Menumbing reaches a height of approximately 445 metres (1,460 ft) in the Bukit Nenas and Mangkol district with a height of about 395 metres (1,296 ft) above sea level in the Pangkalan Baru district. Soil in Bangka Belitung generally has a pH or acidic soil reaction averaging below 5, but has

1166-497: Is in the Old Village area. An area of 1,562 hectares (3,860 acres) is under cultivation for food crops, fisheries and forestry. Fallow land is 1,163 hectares (2,870 acres), and 4,130 hectares (10,200 acres) are developed. The remaining 2,085 hectares (5,150 acres) are swamps and forest. The city's soil has an average pH below 5, with red-yellow podzolic soil and regosol . A small area is bog soil and light-gray regosol derived from

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1272-505: Is indeed rich in tin mining. The name "Wangka" first appeared along with the name " Swarnabhumi " in the Indian literary book Milindrapantha from the 1st Century BC. Swarnabhumi is identified as the island of Sumatra , the strong allegation that the so-called "Wangka" is the island of Bangka. Louis-Charles Damais , in his book Epigraphy and History of the Nusantara , affirms that Bangka comes from

1378-588: Is located on the southwestern tip of the island of Timor. It is solely bordered by the Kupang Regency on land and on its northern shore by the Savu Sea . It has a land area of 180.27 square kilometers (which is divided into six administrative districts), along with a water area of 94.79 square kilometers. The area around the city is geologically inactive, with soil composition characterised by non-volcanic materials such as Latosol and Terra rossa . At its highest point,

1484-643: Is one of the largest and oldest mosques in Pangkalpinang. Kwan Tie Miaw temple ( 關帝廟 ), on the Jalan Mayor Muhidin, is one of the oldest temples on the island of Bangka. Formerly known as the Kwan Tie Bio Temple, it is estimated to have been built in 1841 and dedicated to Lord Guan . GPIB Maranatha, originally the Kerkeraad der Protestansche Gemeente to Pangkalpinang, was built in 1927. After independence,

1590-401: Is standard among Indonesian cities , Kupang is governed as a second-level administrative division, which is run by an executive branch consisting of a mayor and vice mayor, and a legislative body in the form of a city parliament. This system of government is approximately equivalent to that of a regency . The mayor, vice mayor, and members of the city parliament are elected by the population of

1696-559: Is supported by the primary sector and secondary sector. The primary sector includes agriculture and mining and quarrying. The primary sector has a considerable contribution each by 18.67 percent and 20.40 percent. While in the secondary sector, namely the manufacturing sector provides a sizeable contribution in the GDP Bangka Belitung province that is equal to 22.51 per cent and for electricity, gas and water supply and construction sectors each contributed 0.65 percent and 5,87 percent. For

1802-547: Is the capital and largest city of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in Indonesia . It is located on Bangka Island 's east coast, the city is divided into seven districts ( kecamatan ) and has 42 wards ( kelurahan ). It covers an area of 89.40 square kilometres (34.52 sq mi) and it had a population of 174,838 at the 2010 Census and 218,568 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022

1908-405: Is the city's main seaport, providing daily export and import, inter-island trade and passenger transport to and from Jakarta and Tanjungpandan. Smaller seaports, such as Muntok , serves speedboats to and from Palembang. The city's economy is based on agricultural products: food crops, livestock, marine and freshwater fishing and small plantations (rubber, pepper and coconut). Pangkalpinang also has

2014-424: Is the largest religion. The Chinese primarily adhere to Buddhism and Christianity , with a minority embracing Taoism and Confucianism . The city's topography is generally undulating and hilly, with an altitude of 20–50 metres (66–164 ft) above sea level. Hilly areas are primarily in the west and south, including Mount Girimaya (50 metres above sea level) and Tower Hill. A 290-hectare (720-acre) urban forest

2120-444: Is traded outside the region, such as pelawan , meranti , ramin , mambalong , mandaru , bulin and kerengas . Other forest plants found in the island are keramunting , buk-buk , mate ayem , kapuk , jelutung , pulai , gelam , meranti rawa , mentagor , mahang , various species of mangrove , and others. Other forest products are natural honey and rattan. Bangka Belitung

2226-399: The 2020 census ; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,511,899 (comprising 776,607 males and 735,292 females). Bangka Belitung has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests , which, however, are disappearing due to deforestation. Mount Maras, located on the island of Bangka, is the province's highest point, with a height of 699 m (2,293 ft). There are several rivers in

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2332-477: The Allies and the Indonesia proclaimed its independence , Pangkalpinang became part of Indonesia. (initially as part of the province of South Sumatra ). After the country's political landscape changed, Bangka Belitung Islands were separated from South Sumatra and combined as a province with Pangkalpinang its capital. Pangkalpinang's population was 108,411 in 1990, and 174,838 in the 2010 census, rising to 218,568 at

2438-510: The Guangdong province, migrating from the 18th century to the early 20th century to have better job opportunities. During the colonial era, most of the Chinese worked in the mining industry as well as making their own businesses. Most of the Chinese in Bangka Belitung are Hakka , while significant Hokkien and Cantonese communities also exist. The Chinese culture in Bangka is slightly different from

2544-906: The Indonesian Army such as the Wirasakti Hospital (also located in Oebobo District) and the Naval Army Hospital (located in Alak District) also provide public healthcare. The city contains several medical laboratories , which are used for various purposes such as water and food testing, agricultural and animal health, and medical sample testing. Two biomolecular laboratories were inaugurated in 2020. The city contains 122 kindergartens, 150 elementary schools, 59 junior high schools, 42 senior high schools, 24 vocational high schools, and 16 higher education institutions. Oebobo District hosts

2650-758: The Koinino River provided a supply of fresh water for the city. An agreement was reached between the VOC and the Helong tribe, but due to a lack of VOC presence in Timor, Kupang was heavily influenced by the Portuguese mestizo population of Flores , the Topasses , which led to the establishment of a Portuguese stronghold by the 1640s. However, by 1646, the VOC was firmly established on the nearby island of Solor and renewed their agreement with

2756-637: The Malay Peninsula , then returned to Bangka Island and Belitung Island, while those who lived in the Riau Islands sailed to Bangka. There are also groups of Orang Laut from Sulawesi and Kalimantan . In the next wave, the Bugis , who were originally from South Sulawesi , came and settled in Bangka, Belitung and Riau. Then came the Johor Malay, Siantan Malay, Malay-Chinese, and also native Chinese, mingling during

2862-557: The Napoleonic Wars . The politics of the city in the early 19th century were dominated by Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart, who governed Dutch Timor as a Resident in three terms between 1810 and 1832 and handled matters with little interference from the colonial government in Batavia . During his tenure, the Christian mission in the city experienced greater success than before, partially through

2968-550: The occupation of the Netherlands by French revolutionary armies in 1795. Kupang was assaulted in 1797, and the British were eventually expelled, although the town suffered extensive damage. Another British attack in 1811 was similarly defeated. After the British occupation of Java , Kupang finally surrendered in January 1812, and the town was returned to the Dutch in 1816 following the end of

3074-430: The unemployment rate was 9.78%. As of 2021, Kupang was divided into six districts ( kecamatan ). The table below shows the area and population of each district according to the 2020 Census and the official estimates as of mid-2023. It also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and its postcodes. As

3180-567: The zelfbesturend landschap (self-ruling territory) of Kupang in 1917, which, despite the name, did not include the city itself. From 1918 to 1955 Kupang was governed by the Nisnoni family, a branch of the Sonbai Dynasty . The city was used for landing and refueling by long-distance flights between Europe and Australia. It was under Japanese occupation between 1942 and 1945, and much of the Old Town

3286-466: The 13th century had started to migrate into the Bangka region. In the 17th century, the rulers of Palembang saw there was extraordinary potential and later they founded tin mines in Belitung. The tin mine was the main reason the Dutch decided to bring contract workers from mainland China, resettling in Belitung. The tin helped drive the island's development and make it the place it is today. Since then, some of

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3392-437: The 2000 Population Census. The population increased to 1,455,678 at the 2020 Census, and the official estimate in mid 2023 was 1,511,899. The local Malay who lived in the province are locally called "Melayu Bangka & Melayu Belitung". The male population in 2020 was 749,548 and the female population was 706,130; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,511,899 (comprising 776,607 males and 735,292 females). The sex ratio of

3498-406: The 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and its postal code. Notes: (a) the 2010 population of the areas which later became Girimaya and Gabek districts is included in the figures for

3604-474: The 2010 Census and at the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023 (rounded to the nearest 100 persons). The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The Bangka Belitung Islands Electoral District consists of all of the 6 regencies in the province, together with the city of Pangkalpinang, and elects 3 members to

3710-533: The 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 226,297. Half are Malay , and primarily speak Bangka Malay . The remainder are Chinese , descendants of 18th-century emigrants from Guangdong province. Locally known as Peranakan (Children of the Indies), they primarily speak Hakka ; a small community speaks Cantonese . Their endonym is Thong Ngin ( 唐人 ; 'Tang people'), and other Malays are known as Fan Ngin ( 番人 ; 'Malay people'). Islam

3816-718: The Bangka Belitung province. Bangka Belitung province was created as the 31st province by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia based on Law No. 27 of 2000, having been formerly part of the province of South Sumatra . The provincial capital is Pangkalpinang. In 2007 the moisture in the Bangka Belitung Islands ranged from 77.4% to 87.3% with an average monthly reach of 83.1%, with a rainfall of 58.3 to 476.3 mm (2.30 to 18.75 in) and air pressure during 2007 approximately 1010.1 MBS. The average temperature during 2007 in

3922-680: The Baturusa River, which flows to the South China Sea . The rivers provided transport to markets, and make Pangkalpinang prone to flooding (especially during the rainy season or at times of high tide). Pangkalpinang has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round. Rain gets noticeably heavier from November to April. At the time of the 2010 Census, the city was divided into five districts ( kecamatan ), but two additional districts were created subsequently. These are all tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

4028-521: The British (including Pangkalpinang). The native people were subjected to fraud, extortion, and forced labor by the Dutch and the British. The Dutch exploited the tin reserves; guerrilla warfare was fought in Musi Rawas , and Pangkalpinang fought to expel the Dutch. During World War II , Bangka Island was occupied by Japanese troops. Although the occupation of Pangkalpinang was brief, shortages of food and clothing were severe. After Japan surrendered to

4134-536: The British left Bangka Belitung, and the Dutch took over. Due to the agreement, the Dutch were able to take control of the Pacific Islands. However, there was a coup attempt by local elite through Depati Barin and his son Depati Amir causing a war from 1849 to 1851 to oppose the colonization in Bangka Belitung, the war was won by the Dutch and Depati Amir was exiled to Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara . Depati Amir

4240-493: The Chinese in Belitung. The Chinese in Bangka were imported in the early 18th century when the mine was officially opened. They generally did not bring their wives and thus married indigenous people, so the Chinese in Bangka are mostly peranakans who speak the Hakka Language mixed with Malay. Belitung Chinese are considered "totok" ("full-blooded") because when they came in the 19th century they brought their wives. They adapted to

4346-496: The Chinese migrants returned to china while others decided to stay. The ones who decided to stay began assimilating with local people and this was followed by intermarriages. They live peacefully in spite of differences in religion and ethnicity. When anti-Chinese riots occurred in some parts of Indonesia at the end of the Suharto regime in 1998 , the locals and those of Chinese descent were not much concerned and still lived peacefully in

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4452-514: The GDP without oil and gas amounted to 17,369,399 million. When compared with the previous year showed an increase where in 2006 the GDP at current prices with the oil and gas is 15,920,529 million and the GDP without oil and gas amounted to 15,299,647 million. Likewise, GDP at constant 2000 prices, either with or without oil and gas in 2007 showed an increase. The rate of economic growth in Bangka Belitung province in 2007 has improved compared to 2006. Based on

4558-628: The Malays works in either the farming industry or the fishing industry. The Malay in Bangka Belitung have a very distinct lifestyle compared to other Malay people, especially with those in Malaysia . The second largest ethnic group is the Chinese , forming around 29.1% of the total population. The Chinese are mostly concentrated in the coastal part of Bangka and Belitung or urban areas. The Chinese in Bangka Belitung were originally from Southern China , especially from

4664-636: The People's Representative Council. Bangka Belitung has numerous beaches and several small islands. Some beaches are famous for their natural attractiveness with blue sea waters, variety of coral reefs, white sand, and giant granite rock formations. Thus, Bangka Belitung beaches have attracted tourists from around the world. Some of the well-known beaches in Bangka Island are Pasir Padi, Matras, Parai Tenggiri, Tanjung Pesona, Rambak, Teluk Limau, Teluk Uber, Tanjung Penyusuk, Tanjung Kalian and Tanjung Kerasak. Some of

4770-865: The Polytechnic of Tin Manufacturing in 1994, located in Sungailiat City which has 3 majors. In the 1990s, Pangkalpinang City Government took part in establishing the Nursing Academy to produce reliable health workers in accordance with the needs of the region located in Pangkalpinang District Hospital. Yapertiba in 1999 established STIPER Bangka located in Sungailiat City in 1999, then STIPER Bangka in 2006 merged into part of University of Bangka Belitung. In 1999 also stands Bakti Accounting Academy founded by Yayasan Pendidikan Bakti. In Belitung Island

4876-501: The Portuguese fort on the island of Solor . At this time the area of the city was governed by a Raja of the Helong tribe , who claimed descent from the island of Ceram in the Maluku archipelago . Kupang occupied an ideal strategic position to exercise control over parts of Timor since it was possible to monitor shipping activities along the south coast of the island from the location. Moreover,

4982-441: The Portuguese until 1749. The Dutch established a European-modelled administration with a chief executive ( opperhoofd ) and a council, which regulated affairs with the indigenous population through regular meetings ( vergaderingen ), and also handled affairs with the nearby VOC-allied islands of Rote , Savu , and Solor . Chinese traders and artisans were settled by the early 18th century and soon became an indispensable part of

5088-594: The Tonga Islands over 41 days, Bligh landed in Kupang on 14 June. News of his journey inspired a small party of nine convicts and two children to escape from the penal colony at Sydney Cove , Australia, they escaped from Port Jackson , Australia, and arrived at Kupang after ten weeks, having travelled 3,254 nautical miles (6,026 km) in an open boat. VOC positions in the East Indies were attacked by British Forces following

5194-554: The Working Age Population (PUK) in 2007 as many as 766,428 people or 69.25 percent of the total population. 66.78 percent of the PUK is included in the workforce population (working and / or seeking employment) and the remaining 33.72 percent are non-workforce residents (schools, taking care of households and others). The labor force participation rate of Bangka Belitung Islands in 2007 amounted to 66.28 percent meaning that 66 percent of

5300-490: The agricultural sector, 20.9 percent is absorbed by the mining sector and the trade sector absorbs 18.7 percent. The history of universities in Bangka Belitung was initiated by the inauguration of Sriwijaya Bangka Bangka University in 1970s. But in accordance with the regulations that did not allow state universities to open branches, the university was closed in the early 1980s. Those educators in Bangka Island who cared about

5406-476: The beaches in Belitung Island are Tanjung Kiras, Tanjung Pendam, Tanjung Tinggi, Tanjung Kelayang Beach, Tanjung Binga, Panyaeran Beach, Tanjung Kubu, Teluk Gembira, and Tanjung Ru Beach. Most of the beaches in Belitung features the sites for diving, scuba, snorkeling, fishing and sailing. The population of Bangka Belitung Province in 2010 amounted to 1,223,296 inhabitants, showing a 36.06 percent increase from

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5512-469: The calculation of GDP at constant 2000 prices, the economic growth rate in 2007 with oil and gas is about 4.54 percent and non-oil economic growth is around 5.37 percent. The value of GDP at 2000 constant prices in 2006 with oil and gas is 9,053,906 million in 2007 increased to 9,645,062 million, while without the oil and gas into 9,257,539 million. The economy in Bangka Belitung Province in 2007

5618-753: The church's name was changed to Western Indonesian Protestant Church (GPIB) Maranatha Pangkalpinang. Tai Fu Sui ( 豆腐水 ), also known as fu sui ( 腐水 ) is a popular drink similar to soy milk . Pantiaw or kwetiaw ( 盤条 ) is made from sago and rice flour and usually served with fish soup. Angkots are used in and around the city in lieu of public transit. Depati Amir Airport is the airport serving Bangka Belitung, with daily flights to Jakarta , Palembang , Tanjungpandan , Surabaya and Batam by Garuda Indonesia , Citilink , Lion Air and Sriwijaya Air . A new terminal began operation on 11 January 2017, with an annual capacity of 1,500,000 passengers and an area of 12,000 square metres (3.0 acres). Pangkal Balam

5724-471: The city contained 69 mosques, 327 churches, seven Hindu temples , and one Chinese Buddhist temple . As of 2021, there were a total of 1,665.93 kilometers of road within the city, of which 1,423.05 kilometers had been paved with asphalt. The city is served by El Tari International Airport , which in 2019 saw 936,159 arrivals and 992,048 departures. The main port of the city, Tenau International Port , saw 176,888 arrivals and 204,919 departures. In addition,

5830-639: The city include the Timah Museum, a Chinese temple, the Cathedral of St. Joseph, the Bangka Botanical Garden, and the Pasir Padi beach. Pangkalpinang is derived from the local words pengkal ("base") and pinang ( Areca catechu , a species of palm tree widely grown on the island of Bangka). As part of Srivijaya , Pangkalpinang was inhabited by Hindus. In addition to being a territory of Sriwijaya, it

5936-482: The city is 62 metres above sea level, with inclination varying from 0 - 5%. The topography of the city is mostly low-lying but also includes groups of hills in the south and southwest, which has the effect of creating a relatively fertile catchment area . Under the Köppen climate classification , Kupang has a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ). Unlike many cities with this climate, Kupang's temperature varies little between

6042-469: The city's population identifies as Protestant (326,229). Smaller religious groups include Catholic (75,804), Muslim (44,419), Hindu (6,114), and Buddhist (205). Life expectancy in the city is 70 years, which, although slightly below the national level, is higher than the provincial figure. The largest contributor to the local economy is the service sector , which provides 48.29% of the city's gross regional product and provides employment for 79.34% of

6148-436: The city's workforce. Meanwhile, the primary sector (which comprises agriculture and mining) only provides 2.33% of the city's gross regional product. Other significant economic areas include construction (16.29%), transportation (9.42%), finance and insurance (7.38%), and real estate (3.03%). This economic profile significantly differs from that of neighbouring regions, which still rely on agriculture and resource extraction as

6254-510: The city, which are Siloam Hospital and Kupang Vertical Technical Implementation Unit Hospital . The latter is expected to become the tertiary referral hospital of East Nusa Tenggara province and the neighbouring country of East Timor after its completion in June 2022. The W. Z. Johannes Regional Public Hospital , located in Oebobo district, is owned by the city government, while army hospitals run by

6360-464: The city. The district heads, however, are appointed directly by the mayor with the recommendation of the city secretary. The city is coterminous with the 1st electoral district of East Nusa Tenggara province (out of a total of 8 electoral districts in the province), which sends 6 members to the 65-seat provincial parliament. The city parliament is made up of 40 representatives, which are divided into five electoral districts. This division can be seen in

6466-643: The culture of the archipelago, among others, by changing their clothing into local clothing such as clothes with kebaya kurung or sarong. They still speak with the original Hakka language spoken in China today. The rest of the population consist of immigrants from other parts of Indonesia such as the Javanese , Minangkabau and the Bugis . Religion in Bangka Belitung (2022) Based on the Population Census in 2015,

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6572-423: The deposition of sand and clay. Although such soil is less suitable for rice, other crops may be grown. The oldest formations are Permo-Carboniferous limestone, Late Triassic slate and Triassic- Jurassic granite. Composition of the granitic rocks includes dark-colored (occasionally green) biotite and amphibole . The Rangkui River flows through the city, and the Pedindang River is in the south. They drain into

6678-403: The discovery of tin, merchants from China and elsewhere flocked to the region; the Sultan of Palembang sent representatives to China in search of tin experts. In 1717, the Palembang Sultanate began developing trade relationships with the Dutch East India Company (VOC). With the company's help, the sultan attempted to eradicate piracy and tin smuggling. The Netherlands was occupied by France at

6784-458: The districts and cities, mostly in Central Bangka Regency with 339 business units. Employment in the industrial sector reached 19,462 people where 7,375 were in the largest employment group of metal machinery and electronics industry. The handicraft industry in the Bangka Belitung Islands is a result of agricultural processing industry, fishery, agriculture and marine products. Industrial craft cultivated population are hand crafted pewter industry in

6890-441: The districts from which they were cut out. Nganggung , a food-sharing tradition, is usually performed on religious holidays such as Lebaran and Eid al-Adha . The Qingming Festival ( Ceng Beng , 清明 , in Hakka Chinese ) is also celebrated. The Tin Museum is Asia's only tin museum, and was the site of the 7 May 1949 Roem–Van Roijen Agreement on the future of independent Indonesia. The 1936 Jamik Mosque, in Jalan Masjid Jamik,

6996-413: The driest months (with an average of only 2 millimetres or 0.079 inches of rain in each month). Because of its status as a provincial capital, Kupang has become a multi-ethnic city and is a popular destination for migration from neighbouring regions. The city's population increased by 31% from 2010 to 2020. In that year, the ratio of males to females in the city was 51 to 50. As with most Indonesian cities,

7102-405: The east, Java Sea to the south and Bangka Strait to the west. The natural state of Bangka Belitung province is largely a plateau, valley and a small portion of the mountains and hills. Lowland altitude average of about 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level and altitude mountain areas among others to Mount Maras reach 699 metres (2,293 ft) in Belinyu District, Bangka. Mount Tajam Kaki height

7208-503: The efforts of the missionary Reint LeBruyn (1799-1829). The town was opened to foreign trade in 1825, and fees were abolished three years later. Kupang's subsequent popularity with British and North American whalers was diminished by the late 19th century after the relocation of whaling areas, although the city was a free port after 1866. In 1917, the five small kingdoms that surrounded the town area (the Helong kingdoms of Kupang, Sonbai Kecil , Amabi , Taebenu, and Funai) were merged into

7314-421: The extension of VOC influence over wide areas of western and central Timor. Nevertheless, Dutch influence on the island was somewhat diminished after 1761 due to incompetence and inaction on the part of the colonial administration. Kupang was the final destination of William Bligh , who was set adrift in an open boat following the Mutiny on the Bounty (1789). After travelling 3,618 nautical miles (6,710 km) from

7420-452: The form of tin, bracelets, rings, and sticks from the root bahar, woven caps, traditional caps and so on. While the craft industry in the form of food and confectionery in the form of paste, rusip , brittle, crackers, and others. According to the Indonesian Health Department, Bangka Belitung is highly malarious area, with an annual malaria incidence rate of 29.3/1000 population. When formed in December 2000, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

7526-469: The height of the Napoleonic Wars , and the British seized all areas in Nusantara under Dutch governance. In accordance with the Tuntang Agreement, on 18 September 1811 the Dutch handed over the island of Java, Timor, Makassar, and Palembang to the British; Pangkalpinang become a British colony. Stamford Raffles sent emissaries to Palembang to take over the Dutch fort in Sungai Aur, but they were rejected by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II . Raffles also demanded

7632-455: The highest density of 2,174.3 people per km and East Belitung District had the lowest density of 50.7 people per km. Bangka Island and Belitung Island were originally inhabited by the Orang Laut , over the course of a long history formed by the process of culture and acculturation. The Orang Laut themselves came from various islands. Sea people from Belitung sailed and inhabited the coast along

7738-549: The importance of higher education then initiated the presence of universities in Bangka by forming the Foundation of Education Bangka ( Yapertiba ), which later in 1982 founded STIH Pertiba with the Department of Law and STIE Pertiba with Management majors located in Pangkalpinang City. Yapertiba also established STAI Bangka located in Sungailiat City. PT. Timah Tbk. participated in developing the world of higher education by establishing

7844-557: The largest amount of schools, while Kota Lama District hosts the least. One of the most notable universities in the city is the University of Nusa Cendana , located in Kelapa Lima District, which is also the oldest university in the province. Other universities and higher education institutions include Artha Wacana Christian University , Widya Mandira Catholic University , and Kupang State Polytech of Agriculture . As of 2021,

7950-468: The local Raja of Kupang. In January 1653, a Dutch fortification, Fort Concordia, was built on an elevated position on the left bank of the river estuary. Kupang then became the base of the Dutch struggle against the Portuguese. After a series of defeats were inflicted on the Dutch between 1655 and 1657, large groups of refugees from the neighbouring VOC allies of the Sonbai and Amabi principalities settled into

8056-488: The local economy. The area of the town was also settled by various indigenous groups from the region, and by mardijkers (who were the descendants of freed slaves under Dutch jurisdiction). In 1752, the population consisted of 827 Christians and an unspecified number of non-Christians. The political importance of Kupang increased greatly in 1749 when the Topasses were decisively defeated by the Dutch and their allies, which led to

8162-442: The local government, because the combined yearly cement needs for the province and the neighbouring country of East Timor exceed 1.8 million tons per year. This gave rise to a plan by the provincial government to take over ownership of PT Semen Kupang in 2020 to increase production. The city experienced deflation with an annual rate of 0.5% in 2019. The city experiences average annual inflation figures that are slightly below

8268-401: The national average. As of 2018, there were 31 banks in the city, with credit percentage increases of 53% in the same year, which contributed to the rapid growth of the city's financial sector. In addition, there were 4,534 trade companies registered in the city. The city experienced high economic growth, with a figure of 10% in 2019, which was significantly above the national level. In that year,

8374-563: The open waters and semi-enclosed waters. Open water contained around Bangka island located to the north, east and south of the island of Bangka. While there is a semi-enclosed waters in the straits and bays Kelabat Bangka in Bangka North. Waters on the island of Belitung are generally open. In addition, as the territorial waters of the sea, the area of Bangka Belitung Island also has many rivers such as Baturusa, Layang, Manise, and Kurau rivers. Bangka Belitung has various kinds of quality wood that

8480-448: The percentage of religion in Bangka Belitung is Muslim 88.71%, Buddhist 4.49%, Christianity 3.37% (Protestant 2.06% and Roman Catholic 1.31%), Confucian 3.30% and Hindu 0.09%. Bangka Belitung has 730 mosques, 87 Protestant churches, 30 Catholic churches and 48 monasteries. Number of pilgrims registered and departed to Mecca in 2007 as many as 1012 pilgrims. The population of Bangka Belitung Islands aged 15 years and above or which includes

8586-678: The period 2010-2020, the average annual growth rate was highest in the City of Pangkalpinang at 2.19 percent, followed by 2.06 percent in the Central Bangka Regency. The number of households in Bangka Belitung in 2010 about 311 145 households and counties that have the largest number of households is Bangka amounted to 70 468 households and who have the lowest number of households is East Belitung amounted to 27 941 households. The population density Bangka Belitung province in 2023 reached 90.6 people per km; when seen by district / city, Pangkalpinang had

8692-434: The population is young, with 65% of the city's population classified in the potential productive workforce of people over 15 years of age. The predominant age group is in the range of 20 to 24 years old, which can be attributed to an influx of young migrant, which fell to 1.83s from other regions. The population growth in 2020 was approximately 3%, which fell to 1.83% per annum on average between 2020 and 2023. The majority of

8798-415: The port also saw a total movement of 234,945 tons of goods in 2020. In September 2020, the city launched its first bus rapid transit system to improve public transportation in the city, especially for students. The BRT system, named Trans Kota , has four lines and operates from 08:00 to 16:00. However, this was met with opposition from owners and drivers of local share taxi services , on the grounds that

8904-403: The primary contributor to their economies. The amount of land used for agriculture in Kupang decreased by 41% from 2018 to 2019, while the industrial sector grew by 11% in the same timeframe. Industrial facilities in the city include three cement plants operated by PT Semen Kupang , which, in total, produce approximately 250,000 tons per year. This figure, however, has been deemed insufficient by

9010-652: The process of acculturation and culture. Finally came the Minangkabau, Javanese, Banjarese, Madurese, Acehnese and some other ethnic groups. The Malay is the largest ethnic group in the province. They form around 52.5% of the total population. The Malays are mostly concentrated around the interior of Bangka and Belitung. The Malay are divided into the Bangka Malay and the Belitung Malay. These 2 group are slightly different ranging from their culture to their language. Most of

9116-582: The province reached 26.7 °C (80.1 °F) with an average maximum temperature of 29.9 °C (85.8 °F) and average minimum temperature of 24.9 °C (76.8 °F). The maximum air temperature was highest in October, with temperatures of 31.7 °C (89.1 °F), while the minimum temperature was lowest in February and March with temperatures of 23.2 °C (73.8 °F). Bangka Belitung Islands have tropical climate influenced monsoons are experiencing

9222-685: The province) on the island of Timor , and is a part of the Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle free trade zone . Geographically, Kupang is the southernmost city in Indonesia. Kupang was an important port and trading post during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial eras. There are still ruins and remnants of the colonial presence in the city. Representatives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) first encountered Kupang in 1613 after having conquered

9328-515: The province, such as the Sebuku River, Baturusa River and Mendo River. Bangka Belitung is ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse; major ethnic groups including Malays , Chinese and Javanese . Indonesian is the official language, while the local Malay dialect and Hakka serves as the lingua franca of the province. Historically, Bangka Belitung has been part of the kingdoms of Sriwijaya , Majapahit and Palembang , before becoming

9434-564: The region. However, the pirates soon returned. Years later, in another attempt to rid the area of piracy, the Sultan of Banten sent a regent of the Indonesian archipelago to eradicate the pirates. The regent established control and ruled Bangka until his death, when his authority passed to his only daughter. Around 1709, tin was found on the banks of the Olin River in Toboali District. With

9540-525: The same year STIKES Abdi Nusa was also present at Pangkalpinang with Public Health department. In 2003 the Stisipol Pahlawan 12 and TT Pahlawan 12 were established in Sungailiat City. The Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2005 established STAIN Syekh Abdurrahman Sidik located in West Mendo District. In 2006 stood the first university in Bangka Belitung namely University of Bangka Belitung (UBB) which

9646-430: The same year thus amounted to 105.62, meaning that on average in 2023 for every 411 residents in Bangka Belitung there were 200 women and 211 men. The annual population growth rate in Bangka Belitung province in the decade from 2010 amounted to 1.70 percent (compared with 3.13% in the preceding decade), but in the three years from 2020 onwards this has averaged 1.3% per year. If the growth was reviewed by district / city for

9752-452: The summer season (October to March) and the winter season (April to September). The hottest month is October (with an average temperature of 28.8 °C or 83.8 °F), while the coolest is July (with an average temperature of 26.1 °C or 79.0 °F). The city experiences extreme wet and dry seasons , with January being the wettest month (with an average total rainfall of 386 millimetres or 15.20 inches), while August and September are

9858-400: The table below. The last legislative election was in 2019 and the next one is scheduled to be held in 2024. As the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province, the city is also home to the provincial parliament building and the governor's office. As of 2021, there are 10 hospitals, 45 puskesmas , 15 polyclinics , and 33 pharmacies in the city. There are two international-class hospitals in

9964-448: The tertiary sector is trade, hotel and restaurant sector, transport and communications, financial services, leasing and business services sector and the services sector has accounted for 34.81 percent. In terms of the use of GDP at current prices is used for household consumption. In 2007 the amount of household consumption expenditure amounted to 9,015,057 million or about 50.38 percent of total GDP. Besides foreign trade activities also have

10070-492: The tin mines in Pangkalpinang from Badaruddin. Raffles sent an expedition to Palembang, led by Rollo Gillespie , on 20 March 1812. Gillespie replaced Mahmud Badaruddin II with Prince Adipati, giving him the title of Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin II, and the new sultan handed over the islands of Belitung and Bangka Islands to the British. In accordance with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 , the Netherlands regained areas occupied in 1803 by

10176-421: The value of imports declined from 25.09 million US dollars in 2006 to 21.58 million in 2007 or a decrease of 16.27 percent. The amount of trade surplus in 2007 amounted to 1232.85 million US dollars. Thus the surplus value in 2007 increased by 18.13 percent. In 2007, Bangka Belitung province was dominated by the chemical industry and building materials in quantity, with as many as 1,187 business units spread across

10282-569: The vicinity of Kupang and formed small polities on land that had traditionally belonged to the Helong. They were followed by two other groups, the Amfoan and the Taebenu, who arrived in 1683 and 1688, respectively. The Helong Raja remained the "Lord of the Land" ( tuan tanah ) but remained closely dependent on VOC authorities. However, apart from the territory of the Helong, the island of Timor was largely dominated by

10388-933: The word vowel (vanca). The name "Belitung" is derived from Billitonite meaning the Black Meteorite in Dutch, which is commonly found in the island of Belitung. This stone itself was discovered at the time of tin mining in Belitung. Later on, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications began named the island Billitonite or Billiton. Nowadays, Billitonite or Black Meteorite, is a distinct souvenir from Belitung Island. [REDACTED] Majapahit Empire 14th century-1527 [REDACTED] Palembang Sultanate 1527-1722 [REDACTED] Dutch East India Company 1722-1799 [REDACTED] United Kingdom 1812-1824 [REDACTED] Dutch East Indies 1799–1812; 1824–1942 [REDACTED] Empire of Japan 1942–1945 [REDACTED]   Indonesia 1945–present Bangka Belitung

10494-403: The working age population is economically active. The open unemployment rate for the Bangka Belitung Islands in the same year amounted to 6.49 percent, meaning that out of 100 people including the labor force, on average 5-6 people are job seekers. The working age population when viewed from the employment sector shows that as much as 34.4 percent of the working age working population is absorbed in

10600-402: Was 226,297. The city's average population density was about 2,165 per square kilometre in mid 2022. The Rangkui River divides the city into two parts, and Jalan Merdeka is its geographic center. Pangkalpinang's population consists largely of ethnic Malays and Hakka Chinese people. There are also smaller immigrant communities of other ethnic groups, such as Batak and Minangkabau . Landmarks in

10706-623: Was also a territory of Majapahit and the Mataram Kingdom . In all three kingdoms, Pangkalpinang received little attention despite its proximity to international shipping routes and became a hideout for pirates preying on ships in the South China Sea To secure the shipping routes around the Strait of Malacca , the Johor Sultanate sent troops to Pangkalpinang and began spreading Islam in

10812-453: Was composed of just two regencies ( Bangka Regency and Belitung Regency ) together with one independent city ( Pangkalpinang ). On 25 February 2003 three parts of Bangka Regency were split off to form the separate regencies of Bangka Rarat , Bangka Selatan and Bangka Tengah , while the eastern half of Belitung Regency was split off to form a new Beliting Timur regency. These are all listed below with their areas and their populations at

10918-512: Was destroyed by Allied bombing. The city saw significant nationalist agitation but remained otherwise peaceful during the period of the Indonesian revolution (1945-1949). Kupang was later part of the State of East Indonesia and was established by the Dutch authorities in 1946, and the area of the city was included in the zelfbesturend landschap of Kupang. The city, along with the state of East Indonesia

11024-627: Was later annexed into the United States of Indonesia in 1949, which was replaced by the current Republic of Indonesia in 1950. The city later became an important location in the Timorese conflict . In 1967, the city became the seat of the Diocese of Kupang . In 1989, the diocese was elevated to the Archdiocese of Kupang . In April 2021, the city was heavily damaged by Tropical Cyclone Seroja . Kupang

11130-509: Was memorialized as a national hero and his name was remembered through its regional airport, the Depati Amir Airport . During WWII , the Empire of Japan briefly occupied the region . Following the surrender of Japan and the end of the war, the islands become part of an independent Indonesia . Bangka Belitung has a long history of Chinese in-migration, mainly Hakka . Chinese people in

11236-507: Was the forerunner to the establishment of a state university in Bangka Belitung. UBB is a merger of 3 universities namely Polman Timah, STIPER Bangka and STT Heroes 12. In February 2009 UBB officially became a state university with the signing of MoU submission of all UBB assets from Yayasan Cendikia Bangka to Dirjen Dikti Depdiknas. Pangkal Pinang Pangkalpinang , colloquially written as Pangkal Pinang , also known as Pin-kong in Hakka ,

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