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35-429: Banda Aceh ( Acehnese : Banda Acèh , Jawi : بند اچيه ) is the capital and largest city in the province of Aceh , Indonesia . It is located on the island of Sumatra and has an elevation of 35 meters (115 feet). The city covers an area of 61.36 square kilometers (23.69 sq mi) and had a population of 223,446 people at the 2010 Census, rising to 252,899 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2023

70-454: A tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification , with near-constant average temperatures. The city's annual average temperature is 27.3 °C or 81.1 °F. However, the city features wetter and drier seasons, with June through August being the driest months of the year. Like other cities with a tropical rainforest climate, Banda Aceh does not have a true dry season , with

105-462: A proclitic (1). Meanwhile, intransitives that align with the patient of a transitive verb (Sp) may optionally show agreement by an enclitic (2). Volitionality is the determining factor for whether an intransitive verb is Sa or Sp. Jih he ka= ji =jak. INCHO = 3 =go Jih ka= ji =jak. he INCHO= 3 =go "He has gone." Gopnyan he ka=saket= geuh . INCHO =sick= 3 Gopnyan ka=saket= geuh . he INCHO=sick= 3 "He

140-575: A venue for multiple sports: GOR KONI, GOR Dista, GOR Pango and GOR A. Madjid Ibrahim Unsyiah. The city has two major football stadiums: In addition, there are also several small capacity stadiums in the city, i.e.: Syiah Kuala University Stadium and Lambhuk Mini Stadium. The oldest newspaper in the Banda Aceh region is Serambi Indonesia , part of Tribun Network . Several other newspapers such as Harian Aceh , Rakyat Aceh and ProHaba are also available. The privately owned Kutaraja TV and Aceh TV are

175-634: Is currently under construction; it is located at the tip of the toll road and connected with Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport. Banda Aceh has two seaports, Pelabuhan (port) Ulèë Lheuë and Pelabuhan Malahayati. Pelabuhan Ulèë Lheuë was formerly the main sea port in Aceh. It now functions as a ferry terminal. It is located in the Meuraksa area. Pelabuhan Malahayati, the current main sea port, is located in Krueng Raya, 27 km (17 mi) from Banda Aceh. It now functions as

210-598: Is sick." Formerly, the Acehnese language was written in an Arabic script called Jawoë or Jawi in the Malay language. The script is less common nowadays. Since colonization by the Dutch, the Acehnese language has been written in the Latin script , with the addition of supplementary letters. The diacritical letters are é, è, ë, ö and ô. The sound /ɨ/ is represented by ⟨eu⟩ and

245-539: Is the Dutch spelling and an outdated Indonesian one. The spelling Achehnese originates from a 1906 English translation of the Dutch-language Studien over atjesche klank- en schriftleer. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 35.346-442 by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje , 1892. In Acehnese the language is called Basa/Bahsa Acèh . In Indonesian it is called Bahasa Aceh . Acehnese belongs to

280-458: Is the most developed of the three. Motorized becaks are common in Banda Aceh. Transport by taxis and minibuses, known as labi-labi , are also common. Since 2018, some online transportation is also available like Grab and Gojek . Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport is located in Blang Bintang, 13.5 km (8.4 mi) from Banda Aceh. Two main highways run from Banda Aceh to

315-625: The Batak Protestant Church (HKBP). There are 93 mosques and 112 mushollas (Places for islamic prayer.) There is a Buddhist temple and a Hindu temple in the city. The Hindu community consists of both Balinese Hindus and Tamil Hindus who originate from India. There is a type of police in Indonesia called the religious police; they enforce Islamic laws in the Islamic majority province. They are known for being very strict. Banda Aceh features

350-806: The Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian . Acehnese's closest relatives are the other Chamic languages , which are principally spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia . The distant relative of the Chamic family is the Malayic language family, which includes languages also spoken in Sumatra such as Minangkabau as well as the national language, Indonesian . Paul Sidwell notes that Acehnese likely has an Austroasiatic substratum. Linguist Paul Sidwell wrote that "Sometime during this early phase of language shift, perhaps before

385-628: The Acehnese and foreign powers, including the Portuguese, the Dutch , the Japanese, and the Indonesian government . The city rose to international prominence in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004, which struck off the western coast of Sumatra. Banda Aceh was the closest major city to the earthquake's epicenter , which lay 249 kilometers (155 miles) off the coast. It suffered great damage in

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420-545: The area in the 1520s and established sultanate was built on the remains of the Pasai and other extinct kingdoms in the area, and made Banda Aceh the capital, naming it for himself as Kutaraja or 'City of the King'. After a long period of rule by the sultanate, Aceh began to come into conflict with the Dutch and the British in the second half of the 18th century. At the end of the 18th century,

455-561: The beginning of Common Era, the Chamic speakers who were to become the Acehnese left the mainland on a journey that would ultimately end in northern Sumatra." Basing on Graham Thurgood 's thesis, Sidwell argues that Acehnese likely had been long separated from Chamic around the first to second century BCE. Acehnese language is spoken primarily in coastal region of Aceh. This language is spoken in thirteen regencies and four cities in Aceh, which are: City North-East Coast West-South Coast Oral monophthong vowels in Acehnese are shown in

490-620: The capital in January 1874 believing the Acehnese to have surrendered; however, the conflict moved into the countryside, and the Acehnese continued to actively oppose Dutch rule. After it entered the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on 28 December 1962, the name of the city was changed back to Banda Aceh by the Ministry of Public Administration and Regional Autonomy on 9 May 1963. On 26 December 2004,

525-527: The city was hit by a tsunami caused by a 9.2-magnitude earthquake in the Indian Ocean . The disaster killed 167,000 inhabitants and destroyed more than 60% of the city's buildings. Based on the statistical data issued by the City Government of Banda Aceh, Banda Aceh had 248,727 inhabitants in May 2012, while the Indonesian national census of 2020 showed a population of 252,899. The official estimate as at mid 2023

560-487: The city in the mid-14th century when under the control of the trading kingdom of Samudera Pasai , the then-dominant entity in northern Sumatra. However the Pasai began to collapse under pressure from declining economic conditions and the Portuguese , who occupied much of the area after occupying Malacca in the early 16th century. Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah , ruler of the newly founded Sultanate of Aceh , aggressively expanded in

595-430: The driest month averaging 90 millimeters or 3.54 inches of precipitation. On average, the city experiences a little less than 2,000 millimeters or 79 inches of precipitation annually. Banda Aceh is divided into nine districts ( Indonesian : kecamatan ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes

630-417: The earthquake and further damage when a tsunami struck shortly afterwards. Around 60,000 people in the city died as a result and many more were injured. The aftermath of the tsunami has seen a cessation of much of the conflict in the city and province, and domestic and international aid, as a result, has seen a major modernization and reconstruction of the city over the past decade. Banda Aceh, situated at

665-531: The floor and crying in fear. They burned tyres and chanting “Kick them out” and “Reject Rohingya in Aceh”. The religion of the majority of the population is Islam , with minorities including Buddhists , Christians (both Protestant and Catholic ), and Hindus . Banda Aceh is home to four long-standing churches: the Hati Kudus Catholic church, Western Indonesian Protestant church (GPIB), Methodist church, and

700-700: The infantry in 1832, at the age of 14, where he steadily progressed through the officer ranks and, in 1839, moved to the Dutch East Indies , where he joined the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army , also steadily climbing the ranks. As a captain in 1856, he partook in a punitive expedition to suppress insurgents in the Lampung District . His actions earned him a knighthood fourth class in the Military Order of William in January 1857. After

735-479: The local TV stations based in Banda Aceh. The public TVRI Aceh is also covered the city, though its studios are located in nearby Aceh Besar. Acehnese language As of 1988, Acehnese is the modern English name spelling and the bibliographical standard, and Acehnese people use the spelling Acehnese when writing in English. Achinese is an antiquated spelling of the English language tradition. Atjehnese

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770-676: The main freight cargo terminal. Since May 2016, Banda Aceh has had a bus rapid transit system, called Trans Koetaradja . Initially, Trans Koetaradja ran only a single line Keudah – Darussalam ( vv ) (Corridor I), which operates from 06:30–18:36 on Monday-Saturday and 07:20–17:20 on Sunday and Holidays. Since 2017, it has added 2 additional lines: Corridor II-A with route Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport – Pasar Aceh ( vv ) and operates from 08:00–18:20 every day; and Corridor II-B with route Pelabuhan Ulèë Lheuë (Port) – Pasar Aceh ( vv ) and operates from 07:00–18:35 every day. From 2016 until 2018, thanks to subsidies from Aceh government, it

805-465: The name comes from the Persian bandar ( بندر ) meaning "port" or "haven". The city is also dubbed the "port to Mecca," or the "porch of Mecca " ( Indonesian : Serambi Mekkah ) in reference to the days when hajj pilgrims travelled by sea from Indonesia and would make a stopover in the city before continuing their journey to Mecca . Banda Aceh was long at the center of protracted conflicts between

840-596: The numbers of urban villages ( gampong ) in each district, and its postal codes. Note that many suburbs of Bandar Aceh lie outside the city's official boundaries, in Aceh Besar Regency . As the capital of the Aceh province, Banda Aceh is home to many landmarks important to the history of the Acehnese people and the sultanates. Several festivals are held annually by the city: There are three beaches close to Banda Aceh which can be reached by car or motorcycle: Ujông Batèë Beach, Lhôk Nga Beach, and Lam Pu'uk Beach, which

875-607: The official translations of article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Acehnese, along with the original declaration in English. Johan Harmen Rudolf K%C3%B6hler Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler (3 July 1818 – 14 April 1873) was a Dutch general in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army . Köhler was born in 1818 in Groningen, the son of a sergeant major in the Royal Dutch Army . He enlisted in

910-414: The region led the modernization and fortification of the city, and while coastal areas were lost the Dutch underestimated the city's defenses. The Dutch expedition commander General Johan Köhler was killed in a skirmish around the city, leading to the failure of the first expedition . A second expedition was mounted by the Dutch within months and was successful in overwhelming the city. The Dutch moved into

945-1537: The sound /ʌ/ is represented by ⟨ö⟩ , respectively. The letter 'ë' is used exclusively to represent the schwa sound which forms the second part of diphthongs. The letters f, q, v, x, and z are only used in loanwords. Acehnese language is rich with literature. The oldest manuscript written in Acehnese is Hikayat Seumau'un from 1658 CE. Most Acehnese literatures consist of poetic works, very little written in prose form. At least ten Achehnese dialects exist: Pasè, Peusangan, Matang, Pidië, Buëng, Banda, Daya, Meulabôh, Seunagan, and Tunong. At least three major dialects exist: Baet Lambuot, Mesjid Punteut and Panthe Ketapang. Baet Lambuot dialect spoken in Aceh Besar regency. Mesjid Punteut dialect spoken in Simpang Ulim district, East Aceh regency. Panthe Ketapang dialect spoken in Jaya district, Aceh Jaya regency. Geographical dialects: Aceh Besar, Pidie, Peusangan, Pasai, East Aceh ( Aceh Timur ) and West Aceh ( Aceh Barat ), North Aceh ( Aceh Utara ), Bireun, Aceh Jaya West coast dialects ( dialek pesisir barat ): Tunong, Seunagan, Meulabôh, Daya. Banda Aceh dialect Aceh Besar dialect       Tunong dialect Seunagan dialect Meulabôh dialect Daya dialect Peusangan dialect     The following texts are excerpts from

980-533: The south in Darul Imarah, Ingin Jaya and Krueng Barona Jaya Districts of the regency, forming part of the built-up area. The city was originally established as Bandar Aceh Darussalam Kandang and served as a capital and hub for the Sultanate of Aceh upon its foundation in the late 15th century. Later its name was changed to Bandar Aceh Darussalam , and then it became popularly known as Banda Aceh . The first part of

1015-480: The south. One runs down the eastern side of the province through main towns such as Bireuen and Lhokseumawe to Medan , the large capital of the province of North Sumatra . The other highway runs down the western side of the province, through lesser-populated areas, to the towns of Calang , Meulaboh , and Singkil. The main bus station, Terminal Terpadu Batoh, is located at Jalan Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan . Banda Aceh-Sigli Toll Road, part of Trans-Sumatra Toll Road ,

1050-428: The table below. In addition to the modern 26 letter basic Latin alphabet , Acehnese uses the supplementary letters è, é, ë, ô, and ö, making a total of 31 letters in its orthography. The table below shows the Acehnese consonant phonemes and the range of their realizations. Notes: Acehnese features a split ergative system. Intransitives that align with the agent of a transitive verb (Sa) always show agreement by

1085-458: The territory of Aceh in the Malay Peninsula, namely Kedah and Pulau Pinang , were seized by the British. In 1871, the Dutch began to threaten Aceh, and on 26 March 1873, the Dutch formally declared war on Aceh. The Dutch bombarded the capital in that year and sought to capture the sultan's palace in the city to bring about a capitulation of the Acehnese. Significant support from the British in

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1120-432: The tip of Sumatra, has long been a strategic, transportation and trading hub in the eastern Indian Ocean . Its first mention in western accounts comes from 1292 when Marco Polo and his expedition visited the city, referred to as 'Lambri' from Lamuri Kingdom which previously existed there and noted as the logical first port of call for travellers from Arabia and India to Indonesia . Ibn Battuta also reported visiting

1155-525: Was 261,969. Banda Aceh is located on the northwestern tip of Indonesia at the mouth of the Aceh River . Banda Aceh itself is a semi-enclave within Aceh Besar Regency , as Banda Aceh is surrounded by Aceh Besar to the south, east, and west, while it borders with the Strait of Malacca to the north. Many suburbs of the city have developed in adjacent districts of Acah Besar Regency beyond the city limits, notably to

1190-537: Was 261,969. On 27 December 2023, hundreds of students from various universities in Aceh , such as: Abulyatama University, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University, and University of Muhammadiyah Aceh , stormed a shelter for Rohingya refugees and forced them out of a convention centre in the city of Banda Aceh, demanding they be deported. The students also seen kicking the belongings of the Rohingya men, women, and children who seated on

1225-660: Was a free-of-charge transportation for passengers. Lapangan Blang Padang is a multi-use park located in the center of Banda Aceh and has become a location for citizen sports activities for decades. It has jogging track, volleyball court, football pitch, basketball court, and food courts, as well. There is a famous replica of RI 001, the first Indonesian plane, at Lapangan Blang Padang. Some other sport complexes in Banda Aceh are: Lapangan Neusu, Komplek Harapan Bangsa, Lapangan Gelanggang Unsyiah, and Lapangan Tugu In Banda Aceh, there are several indoor sport halls ( id : Gelanggang Olah Raga , abbreviated as GOR ) which previously hosted as

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