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39-473: In 1814, the artist Rembrandt Peale established "Peale's Baltimore Museum and Gallery of Paintings" on Holliday Street in Baltimore. The collection included some 40 portraits, together with natural history specimens, including the skeleton of a mastodon, which his father, Charles Willson Peale , had excavated in 1801. Rembrandt's father had opened his own Philadelphia Museum in 1784. In 1822 Rembrandt transferred

78-448: A restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served, and by extension to the overall premises. The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today. There have been many different names for public drinking spaces throughout history. In

117-493: A bar originally intended for one demographic profile can become popular with another. For example, a gay or lesbian bar with a dance or disco floor might, over time, attract an increasingly heterosexual clientele, or a blues bar may become a biker bar if most its patrons are bikers. Bars can also be an integral part of larger venues. For example, hotels, casinos and nightclubs are usually home to one or several bars. Other types of bar include: Some persons may designate either

156-473: A bar, though there are many bars that also serve food. In many jurisdictions, if those under legal drinking age are allowed to enter, as is the case with pubs that serve food, they are not allowed to drink; in the U.S., there are 8 states where children may drink in a pub if accompanied by their parents. In some jurisdictions, bars cannot serve a patron who is already intoxicated. Cities and towns usually have legal restrictions on where bars may be located and on

195-592: A determined young artist who copied his father's paintings in admiration. Peale successfully displayed portraits of Horatio Greenough and Washington as Patriæ Pater in the Florentine academy . In the last years of his life, Peale published memories of his life and travels as a series in The Crayon , an arts periodical. At the age of 82, Peale died on October 3, 1860, at his house on 1506 Vine St in Philadelphia. He

234-500: A groundbreaking interpretive history exhibition, "Rowhouse: A Baltimore Style of Living." In 1985, the Municipal Museum, which had grown to five sites (Peale Museum, Carroll Mansion, 1840 House, Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology, and H.L. Mencken House) was renamed Baltimore City Life Museums. It closed in 1997, a year after opening a new 30,000sf exhibition center. The museum was elaborately illuminated by gas light , following

273-501: A living rabbit was allowed to die inside a heated oven, followed by the placement of a live dog in the same oven, only for it to be miraculously saved by the professor's miracle formula. The same formula allegedly saved a man who drank poison in front of the audience. In 1845, Edmund Peale sold the BMGFA to P. T. Barnum , and the building underwent a major reconstruction to turn it into a proper professional theatre venue in 1847. After this, it

312-412: A public dance on December 12, 1873, a fire began on the fourth floor of the building. It spread and destroyed the entire structure. Rembrandt Peale Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778 – October 3, 1860) was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait painter, he was especially acclaimed for his likenesses of presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson . Peale's style

351-471: A room or an area of a room as a home bar . Furniture and arrangements vary from efficient to full bars that could be suited as businesses. Bars categorized by the kind of entertainment they offer: The counter at which drinks are served by a bartender is called "the bar". This term is applied, as a synecdoche , to drinking establishments called "bars". This counter typically stores a variety of beers , wines , liquors , and non-alcoholic ingredients, and

390-517: A young girl shielding her father, a prisoner in chains, and feeding him from her breast, the emblem of " Roman Charity " reported in the pages of Pliny. It was deemed too "sensational" by the people of Philadelphia, who were unsympathetic to his endeavors toward "improving the state of fine arts in America" in the 19th century. Amid the economic hardship of the War of 1812 , President Jefferson—who promised to buy

429-520: Is a partial list of collections holding works by Rembrandt Peale: A painting of a comedian who was an acquaintance of the British painter George Clint —an artist whose style resembled Peale's, and who claimed the picture as his own—was examined by the National Portrait Gallery of London in 1914. It was initially confirmed as Clint's artwork. Later, the gallery further examined the history behind

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468-411: Is aristocratic, Mrs. Miller's pose and gaze are those of a straightforward, working-class woman. The subtle juxtaposition is masterfully captured in the finest of terms. In 1801, Peale painted a portrait of his brother Rubens , youngest of the six Peale children, who always had an admiration for gardening and tending to natural life. Peale seated his brother next to a geranium . The painting signifies

507-561: Is buried at Woodlands Cemetery in West Philadelphia. Exhibited and discussed in "In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale 1778–1860," Washington D.C., National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian institution, 1992–93, The portrait of Margaret Irvine Miller exemplifies Peale's ability to convey a story and capture character through taking liberty with the way in which he portrayed his sitters. Mrs. Miller, by birth working-class, later raised her position in Philadelphia society. Though her clothing

546-752: Is considered by many to be second only to Gilbert Stuart's iconic Athenaeum painting of the first president. Peale subsequently attempted to capitalize on the success of what quickly became known as his "Porthole" picture. Patriae Pater (Latin for "Father of Our Country") was purchased by Congress in 1832 for $ 2,000. It currently hangs in the Old Senate Chamber. In 1826, he helped found the National Academy of Design in New York City . Peale went on to create over 70 detailed replicas, including one of Washington in full military uniform that currently hangs in

585-505: Is normally called "the bar". The sale and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the first half of the 20th century in several countries. In the United States, illegal bars during Prohibition were called " speakeasies ", "blind pigs", and "blind tigers". Laws in many U.S. states prohibit minors from entering a bar, such as California. In the UK, minors are permitted to be in

624-437: Is organized to facilitate the bartender's work. Counters for serving other types of food and drink may also be called bars. Examples of this usage of the word include snack bars , sushi bars, juice bars , salad bars , dairy bars , and ice cream sundae bars. Bars are a popular setting for fictional works, and in many cases, authors and other creators have developed imaginary bar locations that have become notable, such as

663-632: The Oval Office . Peale continued to paint other noted portraits, such as those of the third president Thomas Jefferson while he was in office (1805), and later on a portrait of Chief Justice John Marshall . Noted for his "itinerant" nature, Peale visited Europe several times to study art (Ward). Throughout his life, Peale traveled across the western hemisphere in search of inspiration and opportunities as an artist. His father helped pay his way to Paris, where he stayed from June to September 1808, and again from October 1809 to November 1810. In Paris, Peale studied

702-577: The Patriæ Pater , in which a rectangle supporting an oval wreath surrounds the eye-catching image of George Washington. The most successful painting of Peale's 50-year career, it inspired John Marshall to have his portrait done by Peale in the same fashion. The painting was criticized as lacking authenticity, as it was not completed until after Washington's death (1799). Nonetheless, Peale received commendations for his portrait by many noted politicians such as Washington's nephew, Judge Bushrod Washington , who

741-495: The 1795 portrait of Washington, but could not keep his promise—instead encouraged Peale to go to Europe, as "we have genius among us but no unemployed wealth to reward it". Motivated by his father's establishment of the Philadelphia Museum (1786) and having been unsuccessful in Philadelphia, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father's role in another city. On August 15, 1814, Peale launched his first museum as soon as he arrived in

780-504: The BMGFA came under the management George Kunkel who renamed the venue Kunkel's Ethiopian Opera House. Kunkel and his minstrel show , Kunkel's Nightingales, were active at the theatre until 1864, when they relocated to the Front Street Theatre . After this, the venue became more of a bar and space for public dances than a theatre, although it never completely stopped offering live entertainment of one form or another. While hosting

819-553: The artist's admiration for a sibling's love of nature, and may have been inspired by the Dutch 17th-century artist, David Teniers the Younger , who had painted a series of oil-on-copper paintings representing the five senses. His painting, Smell is quite similar to Rembrandt Peale's. Rembrandt's piece captures the essence of a young gardener/artist's peace of mind, gracefully looking out, a posture of wonder and calmness. In 1824, Peale painted

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858-405: The arts and sciences. Rembrandt began drawing at the age of eight. A year after his mother's death and the remarriage of his father, Peale left the school of the arts, and completed his first self-portrait at the age of 13. The canvas displays the young artist's early mastery. The clothes, however, give the notion that Peale exaggerated what a 13-year-old would look like, and Peale's hair curls like

897-814: The bar for Cheers , Cocktails and Dreams bar in the film Cocktail (1988), the Copacabana bar in the crime film Goodfellas , the rough and tumble Double Deuce in Road House (1989), The Kit Kat Klub in Cabaret , the Korova Milk Bar in the dystopian novel and film adaptation of A Clockwork Orange , the Mos Eisley cantina-bar in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977), and the Steinway Beer Garden from

936-470: The colonial era of the United States, taverns were an important meeting place, as most other institutions were weak. During the 19th century saloons were very important to the leisure time of the working class. Today, even when an establishment uses a different name, such as "tavern" or "saloon" or, in the United Kingdom, a "pub", the area of the establishment where the bartender pours or mixes beverages

975-583: The example of his brother Rubens in Philadelphia. This innovation made a great impression. Peale had acquired an important gas lighting patent, and with some associates founded the successful Gas Light Company of Baltimore. Having poor business sense, though, he did little to manage the company and was forced out after a few years due to the War of 1812. In 1828, an ambitious Peale raised funds and tried earning money for his previous paintings, in order to travel to Rome. He took along his 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo,

1014-451: The hair of a Renaissance angel. Later in his life, Peale "often showed this painting to young beginners, to encourage them to go from 'bad' to better..." In July 1787, Charles Willson Peale introduced his son Rembrandt to George Washington , and the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the future president. In 1795, at the age of 17, Rembrandt painted an aging Washington, making him appear far more aged than in reality. The portrait

1053-519: The municipality of Baltimore , Maryland on Holliday Street between East Saratoga and Lexington Streets, the first building constructed in America to serve as a museum. It later served as the second Baltimore City Hall, 1830–1875; a "Colored" primary, grammar, and high school, part of Baltimore's segregated public school system, 1878–1889; and was restored in 1931 as the Municipal Museum of the City of Baltimore. Renovated and restored again in 1981, it reopened with

1092-486: The museum from his uncle and renamed it the Baltimore Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts (BMGFA). The venue continued to operate as a dime museum under Edmund's management. By the late 1830s, advertisements for BMGFA were using the word vaudeville to promote its variety theatre performances. These are among the earliest uses of the term vaudeville. One act featured a professor of chemistry and the "Pyrotechnic Arts" where

1131-459: The museum to his brother Rubens. By January 1830, the entire collection of the Baltimore Museum had been moved by Rubens Peale from its original building at 225 North Holliday Street to a recently erected building at the corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets. The building was built and owned by John Clark who used the lower floor of the structure to sell state lottery tickets. Clark rented

1170-726: The painting: the English comedian, Charles Mathews, had arrived in New York in 1822, and left shortly after Peale had welcomed him for a portrait painting. Bar (establishment) A bar , also known as a saloon , a tavern or tippling house , or sometimes as a pub or club , is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages , such as beer , wine , liquor , cocktails , and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks . Bars often also sell snack foods , such as crisps or peanuts , for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from

1209-511: The possession or sale of alcohol for religious reasons, while others, including Qatar and the United Arab Emirates , allow bars in some specific areas, but only permit non-Muslims to drink in them. A bar's owners and managers choose the bar's name, décor , drink menu, lighting, and other elements which they think will attract a certain kind of patron. However, they have only limited influence over who patronizes their establishment. Thus,

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1248-450: The types of alcohol they may serve to their customers. Some bars may have a license to serve beer and wine, but not hard liquor. In some jurisdictions, patrons buying alcohol must also order food. In some jurisdictions, bar owners have a legal liability for the conduct of patrons who they serve (this liability may arise in cases of driving under the influence which cause injuries or deaths). Many Islamic countries prohibit bars as well as

1287-562: The upper floors to Rubens, who continued to operate the museum from this location. While admission to the museum cost a quarter , the museum was essentially a dime museum in that it contained many items that were in the collection not because of any real artistic or historical value, but for their novelty appeal. Like other dime museums, it also featured a "lecture room" that presented a wide range of changing entertainment, from plays to music groups and different types of variety theatre such as ventriloquists and magicians . One item on display

1326-560: The works of Jacques-Louis David , which influenced him to paint in the Neoclassical style. He painted the famous explorer Alexander von Humboldt and several other noted patrons such as Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and François André Michaux . After his successes in France, Peale returned to Philadelphia in 1810. His efforts to establish his knowledge and mastery of art were displayed in his painting The Roman Daughter (1811). The painting depicts

1365-443: Was George Washington 's shaving brush. In February 1833, the museum was severely damaged by fire. The consequences were that the "Anatomical Cabinet" containing wax models, in the fifth story, was destroyed; the "curiosities" in the fourth story were destroyed or damaged; the "Gallery of Paintings" in the third story was saved; and the contents of the second story were largely saved. In 1834, Rubens's nephew, Edmund Peale , acquired

1404-985: Was an associate U.S. Supreme Court Justice, and Marshall. Peale's neoclassical painting The Roman Daughter demonstrates compassion and graceful defense; his copy of Correggio 's Angel, and his immense allegorical painting, Court of Death (1820), reveal the same artistic style. At the age of 20, Peale married 22-year-old Eleanor May Short (1776–1836) at St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Philadelphia . During their marriage, Peale and Short had nine children: Rosalba , Eleanor, Michael Angelo, Angelica, and Emma Clara among them. In 1840, he married Harriet Cany (1799–1869), one of his pupils and an artist in her own right. Rembrandt Peale completed more than 600 paintings. He painted portraits of many notable people, including American presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, Chief Justice John Marshall, and John C. Calhoun. His paintings are in many public collections. The following

1443-815: Was influenced by French neoclassicism after a stay in Paris in his early thirties. Peale was born on February 22, 1778, near present-day Richboro, Pennsylvania , in Bucks County Pennsylvania , the third of six surviving children (11 had died) to his mother, Rachel Brewer, and father, Charles Willson Peale , in Bucks County. His father was also a notable artist, and named him after the noted 17th-century Dutch painter and engraver Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. His father also taught all of his children, including Raphaelle Peale , Rubens Peale , and Titian Peale , to paint scenery and portraiture, and tutored Rembrandt in

1482-744: Was often referred to as the Baltimore Museum Theatre. The actor John E. Owens was a member of the company of players at the BMGFA in 1844 and returned in 1847; performing often at the BMGFA in the late 1840s. In 1850, he purchased the BMGFA from Barnum, only to sell it a year later to Henry C. Jarrett. Other actors who were active at the BMGFA in the 1840s and 1850s included Junius Brutus Booth , Charlotte Cushman , Edward Loomis Davenport , Edwin Forrest , Joseph Jefferson , Charles Kean , Ellen Kean , Kate Ludlow , Charles Macready , James Murdock , Fanny Wallack , and James William Wallack . In 1861,

1521-474: Was well received, and Rembrandt had made his debut. In 1822, Peale moved to New York City, where he embarked on an attempt to paint what he hoped would become the "standard likeness" of Washington. He studied portraits by other artists including John Trumbull , Gilbert Stuart and his own father, as well as his own 1795 picture which had never truly satisfied him. His resulting work Patriae Pater , completed in 1824, depicts Washington through an oval window, and

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