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36-543: The studies for the construction of a bridge over the Rímac river began under the third interim government of Pedro Diez Canseco (1868). Until then, the only bridge that connected the city of Lima with the Rímac neighbourhood was the Puente de Piedra , from the colonial era . The matter deserved public attention and there was debate about the place of its construction and the material to be used. The project took shape in 1869 under

72-703: A significant El Niño event . By June 2016, the El Niño had subsided but lingering drought-like conditions persisted through the southern spring in late 2016. Starting in November 2016, a localized anomalous warming of the Pacific occurred which is known locally as the Coastal Niño . A Coastal Niño is differentiated from an El Niño event in that the Coastal Niño is localized to the coasts of Ecuador and Peru and does not expand into

108-454: A cost of S/. 200,000. Both pedestrian and vehicular passage were opened. On March 14, 2009, the base that supports one of its columns collapsed, as a result of a river flood. The repair work on the pillar and the reinforcement of its foundations took a year and demanded a cost of S/. 5 million from the Municipality of Lima . But not only the ravages of nature threaten the structure, but also

144-504: A further 18 were missing. More than 2,500 kilometers (1,500 miles) of roads were destroyed and an estimated 1.1 million people have been directly affected by the floods. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs noted that 3 million people were at-risk for waterborne diseases. On March 16, a mudflow buried the village of Barbablanca; however, all 160 residents escaped. On March 27, 2017,

180-554: A further 314 were missing. In Ecuador, at least 16 people were killed by floods or landslides. Coastal Manabí declared a state emergency and the country's largest city, Guayaquil in Guayas experienced abnormally high rain events. Higher elevation regions including Quito experienced severe rains, landslides, and sinkholes towards the tail end of the Coastal Niño event as the ITCZ began moving north towards its more usual latitude. Much of

216-571: A ramp on the side of the bridge that faced Acho. This forced the removal of the monument to Christopher Columbus that was in the Acho oval, at the end of the Alameda of the same name. The total work cost about S/. 300,000. On March 19, 1869, the first stone of the work was laid, a ceremony in which President José Balta and his ministers participated, as well as the prefect of the department, and some foreign consuls. Many local citizens were also present. After

252-488: The Piura River broke its banks and flooded the city of Piura and the towns of Catacaos and Pedregal Chico . In Piura, 300 mm (12 in) of rain fell in one day, three times the city's annual average and Catacaos had flood waters rise to 1.8 m (5.9 ft) high. Further south, La Libertad , Áncash , and Lima were also impacted. Trujillo experienced severe localized flooding in its ravines and Huarmey

288-663: The Putumayo Department . A total of 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell within a few hours near the city of Mocoa . This caused the Mocoa , Sangoyaco , and Mulata rivers to overflow and send mudflows towards residences and infrastructure in the city of Mocoa by 3:00 a.m. Multiple neighborhoods were devastated in the disaster , with numerous residents caught off-guard. By the morning of 6 April, at least 301 people were known dead (including 92 children), more than 400 were injured (including 167 children), and

324-457: The coastal desert region of Peru was particularly hard-hit with incessant, heavy rains starting in January ;2017. Most impacted were the regions of Tumbes , Piura , and Lambayeque where a state of emergency was declared on February 3, 2017. These equatorial parts of Peru are typically dry throughout the summer but can be greatly impacted by climatic changes when adjacent ocean warms and

360-407: The equatorial trough oscillates further north. During these occurrences, monsoon -like rains can fall in usually bone-dry ecosystems causing mudslides locally known as huaycos . The 2017 Coastal Niño was the worst to hit Peru since 1925. More than 115,000 homes were demolished, leaving approximately 178,000 people homeless. A total of 113 people were killed, 354 were injured, and

396-509: The tropical rain belt and a corresponding association to an intense Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) south of the equator. On December 1, 2016, heavy rains in Cali triggered a landslide that claimed at least six lives. All the fatalities took place in the Siloe neighborhood where 14 homes were destroyed. During the overnight of March 31 – April 1, heavy rain affected parts of

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432-461: The "1891 Flood". This event would have been a Coastal Niño due to the fact that it was a phenomenon that in a localized manner largely affected the Peruvian coast, but without a larger influence on the global climate it probably would not be related to the weather pattern referred to as ENSO, ( El Niño-Southern Oscillation ). The 1891 event was the first of the era that was scientifically studied thanks to

468-515: The "Superniño," or "Godzilla Niño,"  due to its very large area of warming. This Niño broke numerous worldwide temperature records and in a particular moment, for instance, February 2016, raised the temperatures of the American Pacific coast from Alaska to Chile. In spite of the fact that this Niño was categorized as very intense, it did not gravely affect the South American coasts due to

504-507: The Geographic Society of Lima. It lasted from February to April and would have been caused by the abnormal oceanic heating influenced by the currents of El Niño. The NOAA considers the precedent of 1891 as a warming event of Peru that is within the most severe events to have occurred in the last 300 years. It caused large disasters and more than two thousand casualties in Peru. The 1925 Niño

540-490: The Metropolitan District of Guayaquil . Gradually various parts of both countries where rain is scarce, such as the provinces of Lima and Tacna , also experienced heavy rainfall. Other cities that are commonly rainy, like Quito and Riobamaba , recorded historic levels of precipitation 5 to 6 times greater than normal. The Peruvian Amazon rainforest also faced a significant rise in rain. The hailstorms began in

576-454: The areas affected the most were the Peruvian regions of Piura , Lambayeque and La Libertad. On the other hand, the abnormal warming appeared later on the coasts of Ecuador, lasting only from January 2017 until April 2017. In both countries, the most critical episode took place in March 2017. For these reasons, this event is also simply known as the 2017 Niño. The strong rains originated due to

612-406: The beginning of the Coastal Niño, the Peruvian and Ecuadorian coasts have seen the effects of various disasters which have caused hundreds of fatalities and thousands of damages. The landslides , overflow and displacement of earth intensified especially in the basin of the Pacific. This phenomenon initially only affected the populations that lived near mountain valleys, but as the situation worsened

648-477: The equatorial central Pacific Ocean or impact global temperatures. This ocean warming contributed to unseasonably high rainfall in the region and, by January 2017, Peruvian officials had declared the warming a Coastal Niño occurrence. Before the Coastal Niño occurred there was another phenomenal event, the Global Niño. This Niño lasted from November 2014 until May 2016, was cataloged as very strong and nicknamed

684-469: The excesses caused by human action. Several thefts of metal beams and plates from the bridge were detected, material that was sold by weight at a time when the price of metals was on the rise. The municipal government then announced that the bridge would have permanent security. When the Rímac River flooded during the 2017 coastal Niño , which caused the collapse of many bridges throughout the country, there

720-502: The fact that its center developed in the equatorial central Pacific. Nearing the end of this Global Niño the abnormal heat of the ocean moved towards the coasts of Peru, initiating there the Coastal Niño event. The abnormal warming had been present on the coasts of Peru since June 2016, however, in agreement with the Peruvian studies, it is considered that the Coastal Niño event officially lasted from December 2016 until May 2017. The most activity occurred between January and March 2017, and

756-585: The first arch took place in October 1871. During the occupation of Lima (1881) the bridge was the scene of a little-known historical event. With the city already occupied by the Chileans , two Peruvian soldiers , Manuel Hilarión Roldán and Manuel Guerra, met a Chilean soldier from the Esmeralda Battalion. They tried to resist, but succumbed to the arrival of the entire enemy contingent, being captured and shot on

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792-563: The first block of the jirón Andahuaylas. Armero commissioned the casting and pre-assembly of the bridge to the Boigues Rambourgs Coe factory in France . The structure was made up of three cast iron arches, supported by stone pillars, and spandrels with details in the Italian neo-Romanesque style . There was, however, the problem that, since the river was not channelised , it tended to invade

828-521: The government of José Balta , which called for a public competition for interested businessmen to present their proposals. The design presented by engineer Felipe Arancibia and businessman Enrique Armero was the winner. The place chosen for its construction was located in front of the Plaza de Acho , known as La Barranca, an area used as a midden . The bridge would be an extension of San Ildefonso Street, then called Talavera Street, which currently corresponds to

864-554: The impetuous flow on the columns of the bridge's structure. The bridge has five arches, of which the central three are made of cast iron, with spandrels formed by groups of rose windows. In these details and in the quatrefoils on the railings, the bridge shows neo-Gothic influences. Pedro Diez Canseco Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho (January 31, 1815 in Arequipa , Viceroyalty of Peru – April 3, 1893 in Chorrillos , Peru)

900-618: The inauguration, a large celebration parade was held, which culminated in a large banquet held at the Tivoli playground, located in the Piedra Liza baths. Known then as the Iron Bridge, over time it became known by its current name. The original structure was manufactured in the workshops of the French firm Boignes Rambourgs and its installation was directed by the engineer Felipe Arancivia. The closing of

936-414: The landslides continued until they reached cities cut off from the mountains, like Huaraz . Torrential rains accompanied the thunderstorms that began in the regions of northern Peru such as Lambayeque , La libertad , and Piura as well as in the provinces of the south of Ecuador such as El oro , Lloja , and Azuay . Many of these experienced for the first time heavy rains with lightning, in particular,

972-608: The same bridge. Their bodies currently rest in the Crypt of the Heroes . The works concluded in 1919, at the beginning of the government of Augusto B. Leguía . In 1971 the bridge was mutilated when the first arch on the right bank was removed to build the Vía de Evitamiento . In 2005, under the first municipal administration of Luis Castañeda Lossio , the bridge was rebuilt for the Lima tourist circuit, at

1008-432: The southern Peruvian regions and Puno was affected the most. The Pujno authorities found themselves obliged to close schools and avoid travel on highways. In the final days several inhabitants of Lima warned the authorities of the accumulation of large quantities of a white mass on the peaks of the mountain ranges of Lima. The Ecuadorian city of Cuenca also recorded a strong hailstorm that paralyzed traffic and obliged

1044-450: The surrounding lands, which were used as crop fields or remained as swampy lands, which affected public health. The problem was solved by channeling the river in the area between Piedra Liza and Puente de Piedra, and the area called Martinete, building a large wall with lime and stone masonry for this purpose. Another problem presented was that the engineers did not calculate the difference in height between Lima and Rímac, so they had to make

1080-418: The warm water currents didn't encounter a sufficiently strong trade wind barrier that could prevent their forceful arrival. The warm water is characterized to be superficial and to evaporate easily; it also increases temperatures to 29 degrees Celsius which generates an unstable atmosphere and constant rain. A precedent of the 2017 Coastal Niño, would be the 1891 Meganiño , named thusly the "1891 Downpour" or

1116-412: The warming of the ocean that borders the Pacific coasts of Peru and Ecuador, a phenomenon referred to as the Coastal Niño. The rise in the ocean's temperature is linked with air currents, of Central American origin, that move in the southern direction. These currents assist with the warming of the sea and with the arrival of warm waters from Asia and Oceania. As they passed by the coasts of Ecuador and Peru,

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1152-563: Was a Peruvian soldier and politician who served as President of Peru in 1863 and again in 1868; he also served as Interim President of Peru in 1865. He served as the second vice president from October 1862 to 1863. He was the brother of Francisco Diez Canseco , and a great-grandfather of Fernando Belaunde Terry . This article about a Peruvian politician is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 2016%E2%80%9317 South American floods From December 2016 and continuing until May 2017, much of western and central South America

1188-504: Was a sector of the press that compared the modern structures that succumbed to the onslaught of nature and the old bridges that, like the Balta, resisted it. When consulted about this, the architect Augusto Ortiz de Zevallos pointed out that the resistance of the Balta Bridge and other older ones resided in the starling , a diamond base that divides the river current in two to avoid the impact of

1224-502: Was also a Coastal Niño that affected Peru and Ecuador between the months of February and April. It originated from the appearance of the currents of El Niño, where a rapid warming of the sea took place, with the development of the phenomenon during the simultaneous event of the Global Niño (this contradiction is called the Modoki Niña). Equal to that which occurred in 2017 it weakened the southern trade winds , with an intense development of

1260-536: Was badly flooded. In Brazil , Heavy rains on March 11–13, 2017, including 110 mm (4.3 in) in 24 hours, caused flooding across Rio Grande do Sul , killing 2 people, injuring 70, and leaving 10 others missing. Further south, in Chile , unusually heavy rains affected areas around Santiago starting in February 2017. Flooding and landslides killed at least eighteen people and left few others missing. From

1296-455: Was plagued by persistent heavy rain events. In Peru , one of the most severely impacted nations, it has been referred to as the 2017 Coastal Niño ( Spanish : El Niño costero de 2017 ). The flooding was preceded by drought-like conditions throughout the region for much of 2016 and a strong warming of sea temperatures off the coast of Peru. From 2014 to 2016, the Pacific Ocean experienced

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