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66-399: BV , B.V. , Bv , bV , or bv may refer to: In arts and entertainment [ edit ] Backing vocal , in music, a vocal harmony with the lead vocalist provided by one or more backing vocalists Busoni-Verzeichnis, a catalogue of compositions by Ferruccio Busoni Companies and organizations [ edit ] Beaulieu Vineyard ,

132-476: A Napa Valley winery Besloten vennootschap , a type of Dutch private limited liability company. Dutch for "private company", similar to the American concept of a limited liability company . Bicycle Victoria , an Australian bicycle advocacy organisation Black & Veatch , a U.S.-based engineering, consulting and construction company Blue Panorama Airlines (IATA airline designator) Bottega Veneta ,

198-479: A backup singer due to his distinctive voice, sings backing vocals in such tracks as " The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill " and " Carry That Weight ". Examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include " Nowhere Man ", " Because ", " Day Tripper ", and " This Boy ". The members of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Bee Gees each wrote songs, sang backup or lead vocals, and played various instruments in their performances and recordings. In

264-460: A child receives from a mother. Lumen gentium states: "This, however, is to be so understood that it neither takes away from nor adds anything to the dignity and efficaciousness of Christ the one Mediator." Pope Francis has said that her "entire life was contained in her song of praise" of the greatness of the Lord. Francis goes on to confide that at Marian shrines he likes to spend time looking at

330-783: A compassionate intercessor and protector of humanity, and during the great plagues (such as the Black Death ) her help was sought against the just judgment of God. The Renaissance witnessed a dramatic growth in venerative Marian art. By the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation had introduced a tide against Marian venerations in Europe. However, at the same time new Marian devotions were starting in Latin America based on Juan Diego 's 1531 reported vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe . The ensuing Marian pilgrimages have continued to date and

396-512: A concept in mathematical physics to construct gauge theories Bounded variation , a concept in mathematical analysis Bounding volume , in computer graphics and computational geometry, a closed volume that completely contains the union of objects in the set Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Bavarian B V , early German 2-4-0 type of locomotive of the Royal Bavarian State Railways Bed volume ,

462-504: A depiction of the Annunciation . The Edict of Milan (AD 313) allowed Christians to worship openly. This new freedom also permitted literary development of the veneration of Mary, Hippolytus of Rome being an early example. Ambrose , who lived in Rome before going to Milan as its bishop, venerated Mary as an example of Christian life and is credited with starting a Marian cult of virginity in

528-399: A differing style (e.g., either more muted or pitched up) so as to complement rather than compete with the main parts. In the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing with a multitrack recording system, record their own backing vocals, then recording the lead part over them. Some lead vocalists prefer this approach because multiple parts recorded by

594-508: A fuller understanding of the life of Jesus. In this view, a Christology without Mary is not based on the total revelation of the Bible. Traces of this parallel interpretation go back to the early days of Christianity and numerous saints have since focused on it. The development of this approach continued into the 20th century. In his 1946 publication Compendium Mariologiae , Mariologist Gabriel Roschini explained that Mary not only participated in

660-408: A manufacturer of luxury leather goods Bureau Veritas , a testing, inspection, and certification company (stock symbol BV) Science and medicine [ edit ] Biology and medicine [ edit ] Bacterial vaginosis , the most common cause of vaginal infection Belch Vocalizations, the most common form of intra-group communication among the mountain gorilla Biological value ,

726-426: A measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body Binocular vision , vision in which both eyes are used together Blood vessel , part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body Biovar , a rank below species often written as bv. Mathematics and computing [ edit ] Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism ,

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792-537: A program to all of Christianity," in order to ensure an authentic approach to Christology via a return to the "whole truth about Mary". It is possible that the practice of invoking the aid of the Mother of Christ had become more familiar to the faithful some time before any expression of it in the writings of the Early Church Fathers . Christians' love for Mary intuited, frequently in anticipation, certain aspects of

858-582: A singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope, and burning charity in the work of the Savior in giving back supernatural life to souls. "Wherefore she is our mother in the order of grace." One of the first scholars to offer theological foundations on the subject of the Immaculate Conception was the Franciscan Duns Scotus who developed the concept that Mary was preserved from sin by

924-784: A type of consonant sound Places [ edit ] Bella Vista, Arkansas Bouvet Island , an uninhabited South Atlantic sub-Antarctic volcanic island .bv , the inactive ccTLD for Bouvet Island Other uses [ edit ] Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic) , Mary, mother of Jesus, as venerated in the Roman Catholic Church Book value , in accounting, the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance Bronze Star Medal with Valor Bysshe Vanolis , pen-name of Scottish poet James Thomson See also [ edit ] B5 (disambiguation) Buena Vista (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

990-465: A very early fresco of Mary together with Saint Peter. The Roman Priscilla catacombs depict the oldest Marian paintings from the middle of the 2nd century: Mary is shown with Jesus on her lap; they are next to a man in a tunic, his left hand holding a book and his right hand pointing to a star over his head, the latter being an Old Testament symbol of messiahs and/or the Messiah. These catacombs also have

1056-705: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Backing vocal Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts. In many rock and metal bands (e.g., the power trio ), the musicians doing backing vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backing singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing. In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , they may be required to perform dance routines while singing through headset microphones. Styles of background vocals vary according to

1122-574: Is one of the most important elements of Marian devotions . Many Marian feasts are superior to the feast days of the other saints. The liturgical texts of the Marian feast days all link Mary to Jesus Christ. Mary, as the mother of Jesus, is documented in Roman catacombs : paintings from the first half of the 2nd century show her holding the Christ Child . Excavations in the crypt of St Peter's Basilica uncovered

1188-520: Is spoken of also as Mother of the Church. Growth of Roman Catholic veneration of Mary and Mariology has often come not from official declarations, but from Marian writings of the saints , popular devotion, and at times reported Marian apparitions . The Holy See approves only a select few as worthy of belief, the most recent being the 2008 approval of certain apparitions from 1665 . Further pious veneration of Mary encouraged by Popes are exhibited in

1254-507: Is the masterwork of God and the start of God bringing mankind into communion with Jesus. In Mary's womb, Jesus is the manifestation of God's wonders, the fulfillment of God's plan of loving goodness, and the definitive theophany . As such, Mary is typified by the Burning Bush in the Book of Exodus and by wisdom in the Book of Proverbs . It was through Mary's intercession, through compassion for

1320-591: The Assumption , and are, in the Roman Catholic view, part of the apostolic tradition and divine revelation. Catholics distinguish veneration from worship. One of the components of the Catholic veneration of Mary is the focus on her participation in the processes of salvation and redemption. This has been explored by such writers as Edward Schillebeeckx and Adrienne von Speyr . John's Gospel records her presence at

1386-678: The Benedictines . Chants such as Ave Maris Stella and the Salve Regina emerged and became staples of monastic plainsong. In the 8th century, The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary developed from the monks' practice of praying the Canonical hours . The Carolingians encouraged Marian piety by the celebration of Marian feast days and the dedication of churches in her honor. Devotional practices grew in number. The Romanesque period saw

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1452-619: The Catholic Church encompasses various devotions which include prayer, pious acts, visual arts, poetry, and music devoted to her. Popes have encouraged it, while also taking steps to reform some manifestations of it. The Holy See has insisted on the importance of distinguishing "true from false devotion, and authentic doctrine from its deformations by excess or defect". There are significantly more titles, feasts, and venerative Marian practices among Roman Catholics than in other Western Christian traditions. The term hyperdulia indicates

1518-565: The Virgin of Guadalupe . The prayer, the Memorare begins: "Remember O most gracious Virgin Mary, that never was it known that anyone who fled to Thy protection, implored Thy help or sought Thy intercession, was left unaided." Louis de Montfort taught that God appointed Mary as "the dispenser of grace", and to receive grace from God, one can receive it through the hands of the Blessed Virgin, as

1584-673: The Virgin of Mercy portray the role of Mary as the protector of Christians, as she shelters them under her mantle. The Virgin of Mercy depictions sometimes include arrows raining from above, with the Virgin's cloak protecting the people. Catholics have continued to seek the protection of Mary as the Mother of Sorrows and relied on her intercession as the Queen of Heaven since the Middle Ages . Building on that sentiment, popes have entrusted specific causes to

1650-455: The canonical coronations granted to popular Marian images venerated in a particular locality all over the world, while Marian movements and societies with millions of members have arisen from belief in events such as Guadalupe , Lourdes , Fátima , Akita , and other reasons. In Roman Catholic teachings, the veneration of Mary is a natural consequence of Christology : Jesus and Mary are son and mother, redeemer and redeemed. This sentiment

1716-522: The 18th century, the continued growth of Marian veneration had emphasized the role of the Virgin Mary in salvation. The Catholic focus on the role of Mary in salvation and redemption continued with Pope John Paul II 's 1987 encyclical Redemptoris mater . The Catechism of the Catholic Church , in paragraphs 721–726, claims that Mary is the first dwelling-place of God in salvation history. As such, she

1782-516: The 2nd century who was perhaps the earliest of the Church Fathers to write systematically about the Virgin Mary, and he set out a forthright account of her role in the economy of salvation. Ambrose of Milan (339–397) based the veneration of Mary not only on her virginity but also on her extraordinary courage. In the Middle Ages, Bernhard of Clairvaux highlighted her virginity and humility as

1848-528: The 3rd century, and many titles existed by the 5th century, growing especially during the Middle Ages. Veneration for Mary is based on the reference in the Gospel of Luke to Mary as the selected handmaid of the Lord who is greeted and praised by both Elizabeth and the angel Gabriel . God's work is further illuminated in the Marian dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church such as the Immaculate Conception and

1914-554: The 4th century. Marian veneration was theologically sanctioned with the adoption of the title Theotokos (Mother of God) at the Council of Ephesus in 431. The earliest known churches dedicated to Mary were built shortly after that date, among these the Church of the Seat of Mary ( Kathisma ) near Mar Elias Monastery , between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The first Marian churches in Rome date from

1980-561: The 5th and 6th centuries: Santa Maria in Trastevere , Santa Maria Antiqua and Santa Maria Maggiore . However, the very earliest church dedicated to the Virgin Mary still dates to the late 4th century in Syria , where an inscription dedicating it to the Theotokos was found among the ruins. In the early Middle Ages, veneration of Mary was particularly expressed in monasteries, especially those of

2046-603: The Apostolic Letter Marialis Cultus . In this document, (which was subtitled For the Right Ordering and Development of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary ) Paul VI not only discussed the history of Marian devotions but also overviewed their rationale and provided suggestions for their future direction, their theological and pastoral value. He called for "preventing any tendency (as has happened at times in certain forms of popular piety) to separate devotion to

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2112-694: The Blessed Mother and letting her look at me. I pray for a childlike trust, the trust of the poor and simple who know that their mother is there, and that they have a place in her heart. And in looking at her, to hear once more, like the Indian Juan Diego : "My youngest son, what is the matter? Do not let it disturb your heart. Am I not here, I who have the honour to be your mother?" The theological development of devotion to Mary begins with Justin Martyr (100–165) who articulated Mary's role in salvation history as

2178-521: The Blessed Virgin from its necessary point of reference-Christ"( MC , 4). This followed the turn of events at the Second Vatican Council , which followed a century of increased emphasis on devotion to Mary. The Council document Sacrosanctum Concilium , sought to give guidance on the place of devotions in Christian piety: It decreed that "Devotions should be so drawn up that they harmonize with

2244-808: The Disco , Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran , and Brad Delp of Boston . With the exception of a few songs on each album, Michael Jackson , Janet Jackson , Prince , Dan Fogelberg , Eddie Rabbitt , David Bowie , Harry Nilsson , and Richard Marx sing all of the background vocals for their songs. Robert Smith of the Cure sings his own backing vocals in the studio, and doesn't use backing vocalists when performing live. Prominent vocalists who provide backing vocals in other artists' recordings are often uncredited to avoid conflicts with their own recording agreements, and for other reasons. Examples include: Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic) The veneration of Mary in

2310-481: The French cathedrals, often dedicated to "Our Lady", such as Notre-Dame de Paris and Notre-Dame de Bayeux among others. Walsingham and other places of Marian pilgrimage developed large popular followings. At the height of the pilgrimage movement in the 11th and 12th centuries, hundreds of people were traveling almost constantly from one Marian shrine to the next. By the 14th century, Mary had become greatly popular as

2376-487: The Marian Basilica on Tepeyac Hill remains the most visited Catholic shrine in the world. In the 17th and 18th centuries writings by the saints, coupled with papal encouragements, increased the growth of Marian devotions, and gave rise to the definition and declaration of new Marian doctrines. Marian culture continues to develop within the Catholic Church. In 1974, after four years of preparation, Pope Paul VI issued

2442-560: The Navigators , depicting ships under her mantle, is the earliest known painting whose subject is the discovery of the Americas . Both Miguel Hidalgo and Emiliano Zapata flew flags of Our Lady of Guadalupe as their protector, and Zapata's men wore the Guadalupan image around their necks and on their sombreros . In 1979 ceremony Pope John Paul II placed Mexico under the protection of

2508-628: The Second Eve. This was followed up by Irenæus , whom Herbert Thurston calls "the first theologian of the Virgin Mother". The Catholic Church's magisterium has identified four teachings about Mary as dogmas of faith. These include belief in her virginal conception of Jesus , taught by the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The Council of Ephesus in 431 applied to her the description " Mother of God ", ( Theotokos ). The perpetual virginity of Mary

2574-841: The United States and Canada, backup singer, background singer , or harmony . While some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is backing vocals, backing singers commonly have other roles. Two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles . The Beach Boys were well known for their close vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as " In My Room " and " Surfer Girl ". The Beatles were also known for their close style of vocal harmonies – all of them sang both lead and backing vocals at some point, especially John Lennon and Paul McCartney , who frequently supported each other with harmonies, often with fellow Beatle George Harrison joining in. Ringo Starr , while not as prominent as

2640-468: The Virgin Mary as refuge and advocate of sinners, protector from dangers and powerful intercessor with her Son, Jesus are expressed in prayers, artistic depictions, theology, and popular and devotional writings, as well as in the use of religious articles and images. The earliest known prayer to Mary, the Sub tuum praesidium , ("Under your protection") dates from about the 3rd century. The artistic depictions of

2706-550: The basis for her veneration. A particularly significant contribution to Mariology came from John Duns Scotus who in the 13th century defended the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. Scotus identified the key theological foundations which led to the declaration of the dogma of Immaculate Conception centuries later. In the 16th century, Ignatius of Loyola instructed the Jesuits to preserve Madonna della Strada , which

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2772-570: The beginning and end of Jesus' public life. Particularly significant is Mary's presence at the Cross, when she received from her dying Son the charge to be mother to the beloved disciple. Catholics interpret that through the disciple, Christ is giving care of Mary to all Christians. The Acts of the Apostles expressly numbers the Mother of Jesus among the women of the first community awaiting Pentecost. John Eudes wrote that: "The Virgin Mary began to cooperate in

2838-439: The birth of the physical Jesus, but, with conception, she entered with him into a spiritual union. The divine salvation plan, being not only material, includes a permanent spiritual unity with Christ. Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI ) wrote: "It is necessary to go back to Mary if we want to return to that 'truth about Jesus Christ,' 'truth about the Church' and 'truth about man' that John Paul II proposed as

2904-507: The churches of Milan and Ravenna in Italy. Over time, the number of feasts (and the associated titles of Mary ) and the venerative practices that accompany them increased and today the Catholic Church has more Marian feasts, titles, and venerative practices than any other Christian body. Marian feasts have continued to be developed in the Catholic Church, e.g. the feast of the Queenship of Mary

2970-575: The construction of major Marian churches , such as Speyer Cathedral (also known as the Mariendom ) in Speyer , Germany, and Our Lady of Flanders Cathedral in Tournai, Belgium . From the year 1000 onward more and more churches, including many of Europe's greatest cathedrals were dedicated to Mary. Gothic cathedrals, such as Notre Dame de Paris as well as Our Lady of Chartres near Paris, were major masterworks of

3036-524: The end of her earthly life, her body did not suffer corruption but was assumed into heaven and became a heavenly body . In the first three centuries the emphasis was on the veneration of martyrs , as a continuation of the yearly celebrations of their death, e.g. as noted in the early Christian text on the Martyrdom of Polycarp . In the Eastern traditions Mariology developed through liturgical veneration within

3102-512: The framework of the feasts relative to the Incarnation. In the early part of the 3rd century, Hippolytus of Rome recorded the first liturgical reference to the Virgin Mary, as part of the ordination rite of a bishop. Marian feasts appeared in the 4th century, and the feast of the "Memory of Mary, Mother of God" was celebrated on August 15 in Jerusalem by the year 350. The Roman Catholic liturgy

3168-472: The hearts was formalized by Jean Eudes who organized the scriptural and theological foundations and developed its liturgical themes. The venerative aspects of the united nature of the two hearts continued through the centuries and in 1985 Pope John Paul II coined the term Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary , and in 1986 addressed the international conference on that topic held at Fátima, Portugal . By

3234-532: The hosts, at the marriage feast of Cana, that Jesus worked his first miracle. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "From the most ancient times the Blessed Virgin has been honored with the title of 'Mother of God,' to whose protection the faithful fly in all their dangers and needs." The Eastern Catholic Churches observe the feast of the Intercession of the Theotokos in October. Roman Catholic views of

3300-466: The liturgical seasons, accord with the sacred liturgy, are in some fashion derived from it, and lead the people to it, since, in fact, the liturgy by its very nature far surpasses any of them" ( SC , 13). Roman Catholic devotions have relied on the writings of numerous saints throughout history who have attested to the central role of Mary in God's plan of salvation. Early saints included Irenaeus of Lyons in

3366-403: The lyrics, the backing vocals are standardly written in parentheses to differentiate them from the main vocals, which are written without any markup. The backing vocals for a line may come in mid-line, or even after the main lyrics have already been sung. Vocalizing is fairly common so as to not detract from the meaning of the lyrics of the primary vocals. The sound of the backing vocals is often in

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3432-474: The mystery of the Blessed Virgin , calling the attention of theologians and pastors to them. Venerative and devotional practices have often preceded formal theological declarations by the Magisterium . The veneration of the Blessed Virgin takes place in various ways. Marian prayers and hymns usually begin with veneration (honor) of her, followed by petitions. The number of Marian titles continued to grow as of

3498-502: The plan of salvation, from the moment she gave her consent to the Incarnation of the Son of God". Lumen gentium , the 1964 Dogmatic Constitution of the Church recognized, "all the salvific influence of the Blessed Virgin on men originates, not from some inner necessity, but from the divine pleasure. It flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on His mediation, depends entirely on it and draws all its power from it." In

3564-593: The protection of the Virgin Mary. Pope Benedict XV entrusted the protection of the world through the intercession of Mary Queen of Peace during the First World War . The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy , also known as the order of Our Lady of Ransom or Order of Captives began in the 13th century in the Kingdom of Aragon (Spain) to ransom captive Christians (slaves) held in Muslim hands. The order now focuses on

3630-463: The redemptive virtue of Jesus. Devotions to and the veneration of the Virgin Mary continued to spread, as she came to be seen as the helpful mother of Christians, and by the 15th century these practices had oriented many Catholic devotions. Veronica Giuliani expressed how Mary's suffering in Calvary united her heart with that of Jesus as she suffered each torment along with him. The joint devotion to

3696-467: The role of the Virgin Mary as the protector of captives and prisoners. The depictions of Our Lady of Navigators arose from the prayers and devotions of Portuguese navigators, who saw the Virgin Mary as their protector during storms and other hazards. Prayers to Our Lady of Navigators are well known in South America, specially Brazil , where its February 2 feast is an official holiday. The Virgin of

3762-410: The same singer blend well. A famous example overdubbing is Freddie Mercury 's multipart intro to Queen 's " Bohemian Rhapsody ". Other artists who have recorded multitrack lead and backing vocals include Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy , Tom DeLonge of Blink-182 and Angels and Airwaves , Wednesday 13 in his own band and Murderdolls , Ian Gillan of Deep Purple , Brendon Urie of Panic! at

3828-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title BV . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BV&oldid=1191065193 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3894-471: The special veneration due to Mary, greater than the ordinary dulia for other saints, but utterly unlike the latria due only to God. Belief in the incarnation of God the Son through Mary is the basis for calling her the Mother of God , which was declared a dogma at the Council of Ephesus in 431. At the Second Vatican Council and in Pope John Paul II 's encyclical Redemptoris mater , she

3960-510: The time. Construction of Santa Maria Assunta Cathedral in Siena, Italy and Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg increased the number of churches devoted to the Virgin Mary . The 12th and 13th centuries saw an extraordinary growth of the cult of the Virgin in Western Europe, inspired in part by the writings of theologians such as Bernard of Clairvaux . The movement found its grandest expression in

4026-414: The type of song and genre of music. In pop and country songs, backing vocalists may sing harmony to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backing vocals during the chorus (refrain) section of the songs. Alternative terms for backing vocalists include backing singer , backing vocals , additional vocals or, particularly in

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4092-547: The volume of material in a vessel (e.g. of a catalyst in a vessel, or stationary phase in column chromatography) Boiling vessel , equipment provided to an armoured vehicle for heating food or water (chiefly British) Breakdown voltage , the minimum voltage that causes an insulator to become electrically conductive Lohner B.V, a variant of the Lohner B.II military reconnaissance aircraft Language [ edit ] Voiced labiodental affricate (⟨b̪͡v⟩, ⟨b̪͜v⟩, or ⟨b̪v⟩),

4158-469: The writings of earlier saints. His approach of "total consecration to Jesus Christ through Mary" had a strong impact on Marian devotion both in popular piety and in the spirituality of religious institutes . The earliest Christian feasts that relate to Mary grew out of the cycle of feasts that celebrated the Nativity of Jesus . By the 7th century a feast dedicated to Mary was celebrated just before Christmas in

4224-475: Was expressed by Pope John Paul II in his encyclical Redemptoris mater : "At the centre of this mystery, in the midst of this wonderment of faith, stands Mary. As the loving Mother of the Redeemer, she was the first to experience it: 'To the wonderment of nature you bore your Creator'!" In the Roman Catholic tradition Mariology is seen as Christology developed to its full potential. Mary is seen as contributing to

4290-475: Was later enshrined in the Church of the Gesu in Rome. Filippo Neri , a contemporary of Ignatius, is credited with the innovation of daily Marian devotions during the month of May . In his book The Glories of Mary , Alphonsus Liguori explained how God gave Mary to mankind as the "Gate of Heaven", quoting Bonaventure , "No one can enter Heaven unless by Mary, as though through a door." Louis de Montfort 's book True Devotion to Mary synthesized many of

4356-471: Was taught by the ecumenical Second Council of Constantinople in 553, which described her as "ever virgin", and was expressed also, by the Lateran synod of October 649, The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception states that from the first moment of her existence Mary was without original sin . This doctrine was proclaimed a dogma ex cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854. The dogma of the Assumption of Mary , defined by Pope Pius XII in 1950, states that, at

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