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30-566: Originally part of an expansion plan including as many as eight BN-Reactors starting construction in 2012, plans for the BN-1200 were repeatedly scaled back until only two were ordered. The first was to begin construction at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant in 2015, with commissioning in 2017, followed by a second unit. A possible new station known as South Ural would host another two BN-1200s at some future point. In 2015, after minor delays, problems at

60-494: A Director General and elect a 20-member board of management. The current Director General is Sama Bilbao y León. The Chairman of the board is H.E. Mohamed Al Hammadi, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation . The Vice chairman is Philippe Knoche CEO at Orano . A board of management fulfills statutory duties pertaining to the organization's governance and sets World Nuclear Association policies and strategic objectives, subject to approval by

90-567: A forum for speakers from the nuclear industry. The Association has previously presented an award for 'Distinguished Contribution to the Peaceful Worldwide Use of Nuclear Energy'. The Association also cooperates with the Nuclear Energy Institute on annual World Nuclear Fuel Cycle meetings for industry representatives concerned with nuclear fuel supply and in particular the uranium market. World Nuclear Association represents

120-486: A mix of VVER-600 and VVER-TOI . BN-Reactor The BN-reactor is a type of sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor built in Russia from the company OKBM Afrikantov . Two BN-reactors are to date (2015) the only commercial fast breeder reactors in operation worldwide. The BN-350 is the first prototype of the series, in operation between 1973 and 1999 for electricity production (150MW) and desalination . The BN-600

150-422: A primary cooling loop that can operate safely. Alternate designs use lead. Although the plutonium produced by breeders is useful for weapons, more traditional designs, notably the graphite-moderated reactor, generate plutonium more easily. However, these designs deliberately operate at low energy levels for safety reasons, and are not economic for power generation. The breeder's ability to produce more new fuel than

180-506: Is a 1200MW reactor project planned to reach the safety and efficiency goals of the Generation IV . 56°50′30″N 61°19′21″E  /  56.8416°N 61.3224°E  / 56.8416; 61.3224 This nuclear technology article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . World Nuclear Association World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports

210-480: Is a commercial reactor with 600MW electrical power. In operation since 1980 with an availability factor of over 74% it is together with Phénix one of the most successful fast breeder reactors ever built. The BN-800 is the newest reactor of this type, with a planned electrical output of 880MW. It became first critical in 2015, electricity production was planned starting in 2017, but began in December 2015. The BN-1200

240-597: Is published on the World Nuclear Association website. World Nuclear Association has established a Charter of Ethics to serve as a common credo for its member organizations. This affirmation of values and principles is intended to summarize the responsibilities of the nuclear industry and the surrounding legal and institutional framework that has been constructed through international cooperation to fulfill U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's vision of ' Atoms for Peace '. World Nuclear Association members appoint

270-606: The BN-350 reactor , which operated successfully until 1999. This reactor suffered an almost continual series of fires in its sodium coolant, but its safety features contained them. A somewhat larger design, the BN-600 reactor went into operation in 1980 and continued to run until at least 2019). Design of a larger plant with the explicit goal of economic fuel production began in 1983 as the BN-800 reactor , and construction began in 1984. By this time

300-596: The French Superphénix had begun operation. The Super Phenix had startup problems before achieving operational reliability. A slump in uranium prices added to the concerns, making the breeder concept economically infeasible. The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 ended construction until new safety systems could be added. BN-800 underwent a major redesign in 1987, and a minor one in 1993, but construction did not restart until 2006. The reactor did not reach criticality until 2014, and further progress stopped due to problems with

330-536: The Association's London -based secretariat determines the fee according to standardized criteria and informs the candidate organisation accordingly. The fee structure provides, in many cases, significant discounts for organisations located in countries outside the OECD. A low-fee non-commercial membership is available for organisations with a solely academic, research, policy or regulatory function. A list of current members

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360-529: The basis of the Uranium Institute , itself founded in 1975. World Nuclear Association continues to expand its membership, particularly in non- OECD countries where nuclear power is produced or where this option is under active consideration. Members are located in 44 countries representing 80% of the world's population. The annual subscription fee for an institutional member is based on its size and scale of activity. Upon receiving an inquiry or application,

390-401: The breeding reaction to produce more fuel than it uses, neutrons released from the core must retain significant energy. Additionally, as the core is very compact, the heating loads are high. These requirements led to the use of a liquid sodium coolant, as this is an excellent conductor of heat, and is largely transparent to neutrons. Sodium is highly reactive, and careful design is needed to build

420-402: The companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. Its members come from all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining , uranium conversion, uranium enrichment , nuclear fuel fabrication, plant manufacture, transport, and the disposal of used nuclear fuel , as well as electricity generation itself. Together, World Nuclear Association members are responsible for 70% of

450-425: The core area. These neutrons create additional reactions in a "blanket" of material, normally natural or depleted uranium or thorium , where new plutonium- or U , respectively, atoms are formed. These atoms have distinct chemical behavior and can be extracted from the blanket through reprocessing. The resulting plutonium metal can then be mixed with other fuels and used in conventional reactor designs. For

480-414: The elimination of outer primary circuit sodium pipelines and passive emergency heat removal. The design has a breeding ratio of 1.2 to 1.3–1.35 for mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel and 1.45 for nitride fuel. Boron is to be used for in-reactor shielding. Thermal power is a nominal 2900 MW with an electric output of 1220 MW. Primary coolant temperature at the intermediate heat exchanger is 550 °C and at

510-531: The first unit with MOX fuel in 2020, growing to eight (11 GWe total output) by 2030. SPb AEP also claimed design involvement. Rosenergoatom considered foreign specialists in its design, with India and China mentioned. In early 2012, Rosatom 's Science and Technology Council approved the construction of a BN-1200 reactor at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station . Technical design was scheduled for completion by 2013, and manufacture of equipment

540-448: The fuel design. It restarted in 2015, and reached full power in August 2016, entering commercial operation in 2023. The BN-1200 concept is essentially a further developed BN-800 design with the twin goals of economical operation, while also meeting Generation IV reactor safety limits. It uses a simpler fueling procedure and has an extended design life of 60 years. Safety enhancements include

570-515: The full membership. An essential role of World Nuclear Association is to facilitate commercially valuable interaction among its members. Ongoing World Nuclear Association Working Groups, consisting of members and supported by the secretariat, share information and develop analysis on a range of technical, trade and environmental matters. These subjects include: When meeting to discuss industry issues, World Nuclear Association members are cautioned to avoid any topic that could potentially create even

600-424: The global nuclear industry. The site presents reference documents, and a wide range of educational and explanatory papers which are constantly updated. Australian nuclear power advocate Ian Hore-Lacy served as the organization's Director of Public Information for 12 years, after working for six years at the now defunct Melbourne-based Uranium Information Centre . In the late 2000's, the information-disseminating role

630-518: The impression of an attempt to set prices or engage in other anti-competitive behaviour. Accordingly, topics not discussed in meetings include terms of specific contracts; current or projected prices for products or services; allocation of markets; refusals to deal with particular suppliers or customers; or any similar matters that might impair competition within any segment of the nuclear industry. World Nuclear Association's annual Symposium in London provides

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660-499: The interests of the international nuclear industry at key international forums such as: In contrast to earlier less structured forms of industry representation the Association provides a unified voice from a single body; encompassing all manner of industry expertise and perspectives. It is clear and unreserved in its purpose of promoting the maximum feasible use of safe nuclear power. The World Nuclear Association public website provides an available, non-technical source of information on

690-600: The peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology. It runs a series of programmes designed to complement existing institutions of nuclear learning in their curriculum. The premier event on the WNU calendar is the Summer Institute, which runs each year in July and brings together speakers from industry and government to present on all aspects of nuclear power. It also runs five one-week courses per year with partner universities around

720-508: The recently completed BN-800 dictated a fuel redesign. BN-1200 construction was put on "indefinite hold", and Rosenergoatom stated that no decision to continue would be made before 2019. In January 2022, Rosatom announced that a pilot BN-1200M would be built by 2035. Fast reactors of the BN series use a core running on enriched fuels including highly (80%) or medium (20%) enriched uranium or plutonium . This design produces many neutrons that escape

750-477: The steam generator 527 °C. Gross efficiency is expected to be 42%, net 39%. It is intended to be a Generation IV design and produce electricity at RUR 0.65/kWh (US 2.23 cents/kWh). The design evolved to adopt a simpler fueling procedure than the BN-600 and BN-800 designs. The World Nuclear Association lists the BN-1200 as a commercial reactor, in contrast to its predecessors. OKBM initially expected to commission

780-403: The world's nuclear power as well as the vast majority of world uranium, conversion and enrichment production. The Association says it aims to fulfill a dual role for its members: facilitating their interaction on technical, commercial and policy matters, and promoting wider public understanding of nuclear technology. It has a secretariat of around 30 staff. The Association was founded in 2001 on

810-574: The world. World Nuclear Association is engaged in a number of other initiatives to promote the peaceful development of nuclear power. These include World Nuclear University (WNU), which is a global partnership between World Nuclear Association, the International Atomic Energy Agency , The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the World Association of Nuclear Operators committed to enhancing international education and leadership in

840-510: Was assumed by World Nuclear Association and World Nuclear News ( WNN ). The Association supports WNN, the authoritative online news service intended to bring accurate and accessible information on developments in nuclear power to the Association's industry readers and the general public. Its output is free of charge and may be widely reproduced in accordance with WNN's copyright policy. The Association's reactor database contains information on past, present and future nuclear power reactors across

870-448: Was spent while also producing electricity makes it economically interesting (it uses 99% of uranium energy, instead of 1%). However, to date the low cost of uranium fuel has made this unattractive, as it is four times cheaper than the BN600. The successive Soviet government began experimenting with breeders in the 1960s. In 1973, the first prototype of a power-producing reactor was constructed,

900-652: Was to start in 2014. Construction was to begin in 2015 with first fuel loads in 2017 and full commercial operation as early as 2020. A second unit, either a BN-1200 or BN-1600, was to follow, along with the possibility of a BREST-300 lead-cooled breeder. These plans were approved by Sverdlovsk regional government in June 2012. The construction of the BN-1200 is pending economics "comparable to VVER-1200". Two BN-1200s remain in Russia's master plan, which includes another nine reactors of other types. This report suggests one BN-1200 in two locations, Beloyarsk and South Urals. The rest are

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