45-939: BLF may refer to: Bangladesh Liberation Front, also called Mujib Bahini Baluch Liberation Front Billboard Liberation Front Biographical Dictionary of Finland abbreviated BLF in Swedish from Biografiskt lexikon för Finland British Lung Foundation Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, forerunner of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen in North America Bruce Lee Foundation Builders Labourers Federation in Australia Mercer County Airport (West Virginia) ; IATA airport code BLF Buol language of Indonesia (ISO code: blf) Black First Land First
90-461: A Marxist communist system of government inspired by Soviet Union and Chinese Communist Party through the uses of private militias formed by left wing army commanders who fought in the war like Colonel Abu Taher and political activists many of whom were members of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal . During the Liberation War of Bangladesh , numerous civilians joined the war after being trained by
135-517: A cognizable offence under any law. This is similar to the power of police officers. The article further states that anyone arrested by the Rakkhi Bahini shall be delivered forthwith to the nearest police station. It also gives officers the right of search and seizure in connection with any reasonable suspicion that an offence has been committed. Article 3 of the act says, No suit, prosecution, or other legal proceedings shall be against any member of
180-403: A complete table of organization which was circulated on 8 March 1972 by a gazette notification. The chief of the force was known as Director General. His five deputies were known as Deputy Director General. In reality, the Rakkhi Bahini was under the direct control of the prime minister's office and attached to the local Awami League units. In time, the government planned to place each unit under
225-574: A counter to that incident on 17 March. The rally that started from Paltan was forwarding to the Home Minister's house but the Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini opened brush-fire and at least 50 JASAD activists were killed on the spot. During the regime of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman thousands of youths were killed due to the suspicion of having connection with JASAD by Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini. Among them a leader of Bangladesh Krishok League central committee and
270-586: A large scale plunder could not have been possible without connivance of higher Indian authorities. Some former members were rewarded by the Indian government and decided to become Indian citizens themselves. Bimal Pramanik, the director of Centre for Research in India-Bangladesh Relations, was a former sector commander of Mujib Bahini. He fled Bangladesh in the aftermath of Mujib's assassination in 1975 and shifted to Kolkata in 1976; he has been living in
315-678: A pan-Africanist and revolutionary socialist political party in South Africa Blf, short for "Bluff"; a Street suffix as used in the US Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title BLF . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BLF&oldid=1084936001 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
360-1316: A teacher of Nawabganj High School Siddiqur Rahman Khan was killed on 10 October 1972. On 17 September 1973 JASAD Student's League leader Bablu, Robi, Ebadat Ali, Motaleb, Kalu and many other were killed in daylight by Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini. Notable victims include: General Secretary of City College Students' Union Jahangir, student of Jahangir Nagar University Shah Borhan Uddin Rokon, student of BUET Nikhil Chandra Saha; Narshingdi JASAD leader Alauddin; JASAD leader from Gazipur Akram, Joinal, Shamsu, Badal, Anwar; Manikganj JASAD leader Shahadat Hossain Badal, Delwar Hossain Haraj, Abdul Awal Naju, Najim; activists from Jamalpur Giasuddin Master; JASAD activist Abdur Rashid, Hasu Miah; leader from Mymensingh Masuduzzaman, Abdul Jabbar; Madaripur JASAD activist Jahngir, Saddam, Ali Hosen, Mofijur; Faridpur's Kamaluzzaman, Abdul Hakim; Moniddin Ahmed, Salam Master, Rafique Uddin from Razshahi; Ata, Ranju, Manik Das Gupta, Tota, Colonel Rana, Khalil, Rajjak of Bagura; Natore's JASAD leader Nasiruddin; leader from Pabna Ashfaqur Rahman Kalu. Siraj Sikder
405-591: Is a very remote power in country villages where the local cadres of the Mukti Bahini are highly visible." The article also quoted one of its commanders, Ali Ashraf Chowdhury: "We will never lay down our arms until our social ideals have been realized". he said. The article continues, "So far the Mujib Bahini has done a commendable job of protecting the Biharis , the non-Bengali Moslems who earned Bengali wrath by siding with
450-649: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mujib Bahini The Mujib Bahini , also known as Bangladesh Liberation Force ( BLF ), was an armed force formed during the Bangladesh Liberation War to fight against Pakistan in 1971. The force was mainly composed of activists drawn from the Awami League and its student front, the Chhatra League . At its height, it had reportedly 10,000 members. It
495-641: The Indian Military Academy of Dehradun . Some additional land and properties were also given to this force by the government. The zonal headquarters building in the Bhatiary of Chittagong and lands in Giltala of Khulna , Bateshwar of Sylhet , Bogra and in Mirpur of Dhaka . During its first days as it was formed as an auxiliary of Police, it helped police to guard the office. When police failed to control
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#1732844309238540-597: The Indian forces . Tajuddin Ahmed felt these people should come under national service as they had arms and training. Tajuddin Ahmed asked Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to form a para-military force for them. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman primarily rejected the proposal but soon realized the necessity of an elite force, because many police officers died in the Bangladesh Liberation War. Whenever rebels attacked them in their office, they were outnumbered. Raw materials, machinery and goods of factories were being smuggled through
585-564: The Pakistani army . But the government is anxious to disarm the Mujib Bahini , and has plans to organize it into a constabulary that would carry out both police and militia duties." Masudul Haque in his book Bangladesher Swadhinota Juddho O CIA ( Liberation War of Bangladesh and CIA ), mentions Abdur Rajjak, a young leader and the chief of Bangladesh Swecchasebok League (Bangladesh Volunteer's League) that Mujib told them not to surrender all
630-410: The army . The Rakkhi Bahini had automatic weapons, steel helmets, jeeps, trucks etc. The Awami League government seemed to be more interested in the development of the militia than in the armed forces. It was planned that this militia would be increased annually so that by the end of 1980 its strength would be 20 000. On the other hand, Bangladesh Army was poorly equipped. In winter they had to guard
675-628: The government-in-exile at Mujibnagar signed a secret treaty with the Indian government, compromising the sovereignty of Bangladesh and that Sheikh Mujib became less interested in the development of the defence forces because of that treaty. Third, many senior army personnel felt that the Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini was planned and designed by the Indian Army for the safety of the Awami League regime . The poorly-equipped defence services were also bitter about
720-517: The Bahini for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this order or rule made there under." When Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed on 15 August 1975 by members of the Bangladesh Army, the Rakkhi Bahini was very inactive. After the coup, members of Rakkhi Bahini who were deployed all around the country escaped from their camps and houses in fear of mob-violence, as
765-473: The Mujib Bahini of hooliganism and looting during the war in his book in his book 1971: Bhetore Baire . Professor Serajul Islam Choudhury of Dhaka University opined that four unnamed leaders of Mujib Bahini were more successful at creating a rift between Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Tajuddin Ahmad than Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmed , creating difficulties for Ahmad. After the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971,
810-543: The Mujib Bahini was merged with the auxiliary Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini , which became infamous for its own human rights abuses. Zainal Abedin, a former student leader and a freedom fighter who crossed over to India in 1971 and joined the Mujib Bahini, reminiscing about how the Indian handlers and RAW agents treated them Our Indian handlers and trainers indicated that they treated us ( the Freedom Fighters ) not as friends but as agents. The real Indian face lay bare after
855-416: The Rakkhi Bahini and the police such as checking for smuggling at the border, handling 'extremists', and maintaining law and order. The Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini (Amendment) Act of 1974 added two new articles, 8A and 16A, to the act, effective retroactively to 1 February 1972. Article 8A granted officers of the Rakkhi Bahini the power to arrest without warrant any person they reasonably suspect of having committed
900-464: The Rakkhi Bahini personnel were recruited from the Mujib Bahini , a militia force that was formed during the concluding part of Liberation War and was under direct Indian supervision. The basic training of the force officers candidates were given in Indian Military Academy , and at Savar camp , under the supervision of Indian military officer named Major Bala Reddy. Any other additional courses, special courses were also provided by Indian Army, at
945-418: The activities of Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini in his book Bangladesh: A Legacy of Blood, he writes: The Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini, which roughly translated means National Security Force, was an elite para-military force whose members had to take oaths of personal loyalty to Mujib. Despite its high-sounding name, it was a sort of private army of bully boys not far removed from Nazi Brown shirts . Mascarenhas adds that by
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#1732844309238990-648: The border in slippers. The Rakkhi Bahini was distrusted by the defence services in Bangladesh because of its pro-Indian orientation. This was so for several reasons. First, most of the members of the armed forces who fought during the War of Independence strongly believed that the Indian Army just walked in at the end of Bangladesh Liberation War thereby robbing the Bangladesh military of the "glory of liberating their motherland." Second, many senior military officers believed that
1035-536: The border to India which also became a headache for the newly formed government. Considering this situation, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman decided to form this force. Time remarked after independence that "Many of the more radical young guerrillas who fought with the Mukti Bahini may not be content with the moderate course charted by the middle-aged politicians of the Awami League. Moreover, the present Dacca government
1080-546: The city since then. Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini The Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini ( Bengali : জাতীয় রক্ষী বাহিনী , lit. 'National Defense Force') was a Bangladeshi para-military force formed in 1972 by the Sheikh Mujibur Rahman government. Initially formed to curb the insurgency and maintain law and order the force became involved in numerous charges of human rights abuse including political killings, shooting by death squads , and rape. It
1125-678: The command of a district governor. The Rakkhi Bahini also swore an oath of loyalty to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Brigadier A. N. M. Nuruzzaman was appointed as the Director General while Major Anwar Ul Alam Shahid (Deputy Director, Training), Lieutenant Colonel Abul Hasan Khan (Deputy Director, Administration), Lieutenant Colonel Sarwar (Deputy Director, Operations), Lieutenant Colonel Sabihuddin Ahmed (Deputy Director, Signals), Lieutenant Colonel Azizul Islam (Deputy Director, Zonal Headquarters of Chittagong) and Lieutenant Colonel A M Khan (Deputy Director, Medical) were his six deputies. The bulk of
1170-406: The end of 1973 the total of politically motivated murders in Bangladesh had crossed the 2000 mark. The victims included some members of Parliament and many of the murders were resulted of intra-party conflicts within Awami League . Within three years, political killings by Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini reached about 30,000. This included numerous Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal members. Even the capital Dhaka
1215-455: The fact that the Indian Army took away all the sophisticated weapons left by the Pakistan Army . Mascarenhas also records the statement of Major General Abul Manzoor , that numerous military personnel were killed by Rakkhi Bahini terming them as Razakars or collaborators. Despite the indignation, from July 1973 to July 1974, the army conducted a number of combined military operations with
1260-402: The famine. On 3 January Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini was deployed to 'Clean Dhaka' depriving the poor-beggars and the destitute from the city. In this operation about 0.2 million have-nots and slum dwellers were taken away from the capital and were forced either to return to their villages or to be moved to the three camps. The camps were hastily laid out several miles from the city. Condition of the camps
1305-458: The government was failing to solve almost every issue. The Rakkhi Bahini committed various human rights abuses , including extrajudicial killing , forced disappearances , shooting by death squads , and rape . Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal claims that over 60,000 of its members were killed. The most conservative estimates put the death toll at over 2000. Syed Badrul Ahsan dismisses these claims as "myths." Anthony Mascarenhas describes
1350-455: The guns. Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini was actively deployed just after the Indian Army left Bangladesh on 17 March. The force was trained and brought up by Major General Sujan Singh Uban from Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) as per the request of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Moidul Hassan, confirmed this information in the book Muktijuddher Purbapor . He said, Analyzing the geo-political situation when United States started to recover their loss after
1395-428: The institutionalized violence committed by the Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini, established the culture of impunity with which security forces in independent Bangladesh continue to abuse human rights. Pro Awami League commentators dismiss the charges as "myths". After the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War , there was a violent insurgency to replace the elected revolutionary government of the newly independent country with
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1440-408: The move in a commotion that resulted in a mutiny. This plan was then abandoned. The Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini Order (President's order No. 21) of 1972 provided for the establishment of the force and set out its responsibilities and powers. The presidential order, published on 7 March, was retroactive to 1 February. Political opponents of the Awami League allege that the Rakkhi Bahini was made to replace
1485-471: The office and press of 'Gonokontho' at night and arrested the Editor Al Mahmud along with seven workers of the press. Jasad, frequently tortured by JRB, decided to hold a rally on 17 March at Paltan . They also made a plan to surround the residence of Home Minister Muhammad Mansur Ali on the same day after the rally. On 17 March 1975, agitated Jasad supporters tried to set up a barricade in front of
1530-418: The people were very angry with them. After the death of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the force was absorbed in Bangladesh Army after the "Jatiyo Rokkhi Bahini Absorption Act, 1975 came into effect. It was issued on 9 October 1975 and was in effect from 3 September 1975. The Director General of the force Brigadier Nuruzzaman was appointed as an ambassador after the force was absorbed. Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini had
1575-486: The residence of the Home Minister Muhammad Mansur Ali after the rally. But prepared JRB personnel started firing indiscriminately upon the crowd leaving several people dead on the spot. A notable occurrence occurred on 17 March 1975. Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini set up fire on the headquarters of JASAD on 14 March 1975. JASAD decided to form a rally towards Home Minister Mansoor Ali's house and surround it as
1620-712: The responsibility of forming the force to Major General S. S. Uban who was a recruit of CIA in 60s and now working as the IG of RAW. On the other hand, Brigadier General M. Shakhawat Hossain claimed that an Indian commander named Major Reddy was the all in all of the Savar camp . The post and the activity of that Indian is still a mystery to all who knew it. In Savar camp there was three additional battalions who were called Recruit Battalion. These three battalions were directly supervised by Major Bala Reddy. Anwar-ul-Alam admits that there were many Junior Commissioned Officers of Indian Army were in
1665-456: The situation, they were deployed. At least 44 offices and residents of police were attacked and looted from June to December 1973. So the government deployed Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini within September of the year. JASAD challenged the government's activities and started to gain huge popularity especially among the students and youths. And many other secret organizations emerged and gained popularity as
1710-555: The surrender of Pakistani forces , when I saw the large scale loot and plunder by the Indian Army personnel. The soldiers swooped on everything they found and carried them away to India. Curfew was imposed on our towns, industrial bases, ports, cantonments, commercial centres and even residential areas to make the looting easier. They lifted everything from ceiling fans to military equipment, utensils to water taps. Thousands of Army vehicles were used to carry looted goods to India. History has recorded few such cruel and heinous plunders. Such
1755-418: The surrender of Pakistan Army on 16 December, Pakistan government had to release Sheikh Mujibur Rahman without any condition. Just after returning home Sheikh Mujibur Rahman realized to form a security force and he decided to form the Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini only with the loyal part of Maujib Bahini. Without any discussion in the cabinet, which members were concerned about the stages of liberation war he himself gave
1800-644: The training camp of Savar. On 3 January 1972, naming prime minister Tajuddin Ahmed as the chairman, the Bangladesh government announced the names of the ten members of the Central Regulating Board of the National Militia. The members were: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, wanted to merge with the Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini, with the Bangladesh Rifles but the Bangladesh Rifles personnel stiffly opposed
1845-501: Was a freedom fighter. He was educated in EPUET, now which is known as BUET . After the liberation war he started his mission to establish a socialist society. During the liberation war on 3 June he established the political party Purba Bangla Sharbahara Party . On the first congress of the party he was elected as the party's president on 14 January 1972. He started working as the President of
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1890-442: Was disastrous. Amongst the three camps, the camp of Demra was the most appalling one, in where Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini gathered about 50,000 people. Those people were ill-treated and sometimes they felt that death is a better solution. Al Mahmud did not listen to the government and tried to publish the accurate news. When the government came to know that, they sent three trucks full of Police and Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini personnel to seize
1935-417: Was not immune to the violence. An unofficial curfew was introduced after midnight. Almost every rickshaw, taxi and private car was checked and searched by Rokkhi Bahini personnel. When the famine started, millions of people came to the capital from villages in search of food. The government decided to drive the poor and have-nots out of the capital as it was embarrassed in front of international community with
1980-415: Was organised with the active assistance of Major General Sujan Singh Uban of the Indian Army . Serajul Alam Khan and Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani , Tofael Ahmed and Abdur Razzaq were the organizers of this force. Mujib Bahini's exact involvement in the war is disputed, with Zafrullah Chowdhury stating, "The Mujib Bahini did not fight the liberation war." In 2014, A. K. Khandker was sued for accusing
2025-504: Was seen as the armed wing of the ruling Awami League and it swore an oath of loyalty to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The Rakkhi Bahini has been condemned by many academics and journalists, including Ghulam Murshid who compared it with the Gestapo , and Anthony Mascarenhas who said that it was a "gang of hoodlums little different from the Nazi Brown shirts ." Human Rights Watch states that
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