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34-433: Azerbaijan Province may refer to: West Azerbaijan Province , Iran East Azerbaijan Province , Iran See also [ edit ] Azerbaijan (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

68-562: A general massacre in Bradost and Mukriyan (reported by Eskandar Beg, Safavid historian in the book Alam Aray-e Abbasi ) and resettled the Afshar tribe in the region while deporting many Kurdish tribes to Khorasan region, where many of their descendants still reside of as of today. The Safavid control was firmly restored by Shah Abbas but during the Afghan invasion (1722–1728) more than a century later,

102-677: A metal plaque dating from 800 BC was found that depicts a scene from the Epic of Gilgamesh . Ruins such as these and the UNESCO world heritage site at the Sasanian compound of Takht-i-Suleiman illustrate the strategic importance and tumultuous history of the province through the millennia. Overall, the province enjoys a wealth of historical attractions, with 169 sites registered by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran . Urmia University

136-550: A mixed population of both Azerbaijanis and Kurds. Salmas moreover has a Christian minority. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 2,831,779 people in 655,260 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,080,576 inhabitants in 822,152 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 3,265,219 in 935,956 households. [REDACTED] The population history and structural changes of West Azerbaijan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in

170-600: A pro-Persian position renouncing Christianity and adopting Zoroastrianism , he tried to force his wife Shushanik to convert as well, but she refused vehemently to submit and abandon her Christian faith, so she was put to death in AD 475 on her husband's orders. Shushanik has been canonized by the Eastern Orthodox Church and is venerated by the Armenian Apostolic Church . Known as Saint Shushanik , her feast day

204-458: A short-lived, Soviet-supported puppet state called the Republic of Mahabad , from November 1945 to November 1946. The districts of Maku, Khoy, Salmas, and Arasbaran, and the region of Urmia, according to 19th-century administrative division became a part of the northwestern Iranian province of Azerbaijan. In 1937 the province was renamed to Shomal-e gharb (Northwestern Province). Shortly after it

238-411: Is 4 °C and in winter 15 °C. Permanent settlements were established in the province as early as the 6th millennium BC as excavation at sites such as Teppe Hasanlu establish. In Hasanlu, a famous Golden Vase was found in 1958. The province is the location of Tepe Hajji Firuz , site of some of the world's earliest evidence of wine production. Gooy Teppe is another significant site, where

272-465: Is celebrated on October 17 . Vardan Mamikonian is as a saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church . He is also revered by the Armenian Catholic Church and Armenian Evangelical Church . His commemoration day in the official Armenian Church calendar is usually in the month of February and on very rare occasions may fall in the first week of March. The actual feast day of Saint Vardan is

306-456: Is one of the 31 provinces of Iran , whose capital and largest city is Urmia . It is in the northwest of the country, bordered by Turkey ( Ağrı , Hakkâri , Iğdır and Van Provinces ), Iraq ( Erbil and Sulaymaniyah Governorates ) and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan , and Kurdistan . West Azerbaijan province

340-475: Is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province covers an area of 39,487 km , or 43,660 km including Lake Urmia . The major known ancient civilization in the region was that of Mannaeans , a buffer state between Urartian and Assyrian sphere of influence. Mannaeans in turn spoke a language related to Urartian. After

374-458: Is the main language of the province as a whole. However, our own preliminary investigations of this topic, which are based on district-by-district calculations... suggest that Kurdish may in fact be the mother tongue of a slight majority of the province's population. The counties of Bukan , Mahabad , Oshnavieh , Piranshahr and Sardasht are populated by Kurds, while Chaldoran , Maku , Miandoab , Naqadeh , Salmas and Takab have

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408-451: The Artsruni dynasty of Van . The Seljuk Turkic tribes, who the local Hadhabani Kurds initially resisted, eventually conquered the region in the 11th and early 12th centuries. During Timurid rule in the 14th century, Khoy gained an important role in all over the region. After Hadhabanis, three other Kurdish principalities, Mukriyans in the southern part, Bradosti in the middle, and Donboli in

442-687: The Avarayr Plain , at what is modern-day Churs in West Azerbaijan province, the Armenian army under Vardan Mamikonian clashed with the Sasanian one. Although the Persians were victorious on the battlefield itself, the battle proved to be a major strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the Nvarsak Treaty (484 AD), which affirmed Armenia's right to practice Christianity freely. In

476-413: The Armenian magnates ( nakharars ) to Ctesiphon and forced them to convert to Zoroastrianism. Yazdegerd released most of the nobles after an unexpected attack from the east and sent magi to convert Armenia. Upon their return to Armenia, Vardan and most of the Armenian nobles repudiated their conversion, although Yeghishe and Ghazar Parpetsi give conflicting accounts of Vardan's initial apostasy and

510-456: The Ottomans captured the northwestern regions of Iran, until Nadir Shah expelled them and reasserted Iranian suzerainty over the region and far beyond. The Russian (Tsarist) army occupied the region in 1909, and again in 1912–1914 and 1915–1918 period. The Ottomans occupied the region in 1914–1915 and 1918–1919 periods. The Soviet forces occupied the region in 1941, resulting in the establishment of

544-638: The Persians at Avarayr near Maku on June 2. The supporters of Vasak Siwni deserted during the battle and Vardan's forces were defeated, with Vardan and most of the Armenian nobility dying in the fighting. The aftermath of the Battle of Avarayr is not completely clear, but it appears that Yazdegerd, alarmed by the Persian losses, withdrew his troops and imprisoned Vasak Siwni. Vardan's surviving supporters were imprisoned in Iran, although many of them were eventually released in

578-510: The Sasanian king issued an edict officially imposing Zoroastrianism on Armenia. That same year, the Armenian elite gathered at Artaxata under the presidency of marzpan Vasak Siwni , Vardan, the bidaxsh of the Iberian March , and the acting Catholicos of Armenia to declare their loyalty to the Sasanian state and their Christian faith. Yazdegerd did not accept this decision and summoned

612-612: The abolition of the Kingdom of Armenia in 428. Conditions worsened in Sasanian Armenia with the accession of Yazdegerd II in 439. At first, Yazdegerd and his officials imposed heavier taxes and obligations on Armenia and its nobility, but did not yet openly move against the Armenian Church. In 442, Yazdegerd sent the Armenian cavalry commanded by Vardan east to fight the Huns . In 449,

646-545: The fall of Assyria, the region was known as Mantiene (or Matiene) in Greek sources. Matiene bordered on Atropatene situated east of Lake Urmia. The region is known as Vaspurakan and Nor Shirakan in Armenian history and made up an important part of historical Armenia , functioning as one of the cradles of Armenian civilisation. On 26 May 451 AD, a very important battle was fought that would prove pivotal in Armenian history. On

680-447: The following table. According to the 2016 census, 2,136,203 people (over 65% of the population of West Azerbaijan province) live in the following cities: With an area of 43,660 square kilometers, including Lake Urmia , the province of West Azerbaijan is located on the northwest of Iran. Cold northern winds affect the province during winter and cause heavy snow. According to existing meteorological data, local temperatures vary within

714-482: The following years. In 481, a new rebellion manifested under the leadership of Vardan's nephew, Vahan Mamikonian , which succeeded in securing recognition of Armenian religious rights and autonomy with the Treaty of Nvarsak in 484. Vardan Mamikonian was the father of Vardeni Mamikonian, known as Shushanik , born around 439 AD. Shushanik married Varsken , a prominent Mihranid feudal lord ( pitiakhsh ). When Varsken took

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748-501: The grip of the Abbasid caliphate weakened, allowing some native dynasties to rise. By the first half of the 11th century, the Byzantine emperors were actively trying to round off their eastern territories, in an attempt to absorb the unstable Armenian dynasties. In 1021-1022 emperor Basil II led his army as far as Khoy within 175 km of Dvin , and obtained the surrender of royalty from

782-541: The late 4th century AD the Sasanians incorporated the area into the neighbouring Adhurpadagan satrapy to the east. The name Adhurpadagan, later Arabicized to Azerbaijan, derives from Atropates , an Iranian satrap of Media under the Achaemenid empire, who later was reinstated as the satrap of Media under Alexander of Macedonia . In the 7th century this area was under Islamic rule. After Babak Khorramdin revolted,

816-503: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijan_Province&oldid=446667166 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Province name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages West Azerbaijan Province West Azerbaijan province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان غربی )

850-488: The northern Huns; however, an embassy to Byzantium asking for aid was unsuccessful. Vardan was opposed by a significant pro-Persian party of Armenian nobles, and marzpan Vasak Siwni refused to follow him out of Armenia to meet the Persians in battle. In the summer of 451, a large Sasanian army including the elite cavalry corps of the Immortals and war elephants marched against the Armenian rebels. Vardan's army battled with

884-579: The northern part ruled the region for centuries, who temporarily sided with either the Ottomans or Safavids. The battle of DimDim between the Safavids and local Bradosti Kurds took place in this region. After a long and bloody siege led by the Safavid grand vizier Hatem Beg , which lasted from November 1609 to the summer of 1610, the Castle of Dimdim was captured. All the defenders were killed and Shah Abbas I ordered

918-413: The origins of the Armenian rebellion that broke out in 450. Vardan may have initially intended to retire into exile, but soon emerged as the leader the popular rebellion against the imposition of Zoroastrianism. Vardan and his allies made a solemn oath and captured a number of fortresses and settlements. Vardan's forces won a major victory over the Persians in the summer of 450 and secured an alliance with

952-403: The province of Azerbaijan was divided into a western and eastern part which were renamed to Chaharom (Fourth Province) and sevom (Third Province), respectively. In 1961 Fourth province was renamed West Azerbaijan by the Iranian authorities. Some events in the 19th and 20th centuries are: Some Muslim researchers have proclaimed that the birth of the prophet Zoroaster was in this area, in

986-483: The province, linguist Anonby argued in 2019 that: As is the case for most other parts of Iran, there are no reliable or detailed data on language distribution in West Azerbaijan Province. A number of districts in the province are majority Azerbaijani-speaking, including the capital city of Orumieh (Urmia). Because of this – and perhaps also because of the province's name – it is often assumed that Azerbaijani

1020-705: The province. Average temperature differs from 9.4 °C in Piranshahr to 11.6 °C in Mahabad, while it is 9.8 °C in Urmia , 10.8 °C in Khoy, 9.4 °C in Piranshahr , and in Mahabad 11.6 °C. According to the same data, the highest temperature in the province reaches 34 °C in July, and the lowest temperature is –16 °C in January. The maximum change of temperature in summer

1054-470: The vicinity of Lake Orumieh , Chichest or Ganzak; recent scholarship, however, indicates that sites in Central Asia are more likely. There are no official statistics on the ethnic or linguistic makeup of Western Azerbaijan. Most of the population of the province consists of Azerbaijanis and Kurds , with smaller populations of Armenians , Assyrians , and Jews . On the question of linguistic majority of

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1088-454: Was appointed stratelates (general) of Byzantine Armenia by Theodosius II . In 422, he returned to Vagharshapat, then went to Ctesiphon , where Sasanian king Bahram V recognized him as sparapet of the Kingdom of Armenia; the office of sparapet , the supreme commander of the Armenian armed forces, was held hereditarily by the Mamikonian family. Vardan retained this title after

1122-563: Was born in approximately 387 in the settlement of Ashtishat in the Taron region to Hamazasp Mamikonian and Sahakanoysh, daughter of Patriarch Sahak of Armenia . He had two younger brothers, Hamazasp and Hmayeak. He was educated in Vagharshapat at the school founded by Patriarch Sahak and Mesrop Mashtots . After the death of his father, he became the head of the Mamikonian noble family. In 420, he went to Constantinople with Mesrop Mashtots and

1156-566: Was first built by an American Presbyterian missionary in 1878. A medical faculty was also established there, headed by Joseph Cochran and a team of American medical associates. Cochran and his colleagues were buried in an old cemetery in the vicinity of Urmia . Urmia University website says this about them: The province today has the following major institutions of higher education : [REDACTED] Media related to West Azerbaijan Province at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Iran portal Vardan Mamikonian Vardan Mamikonian

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