29-599: Ayuntamiento ( Spanish pronunciation: [aʝuntaˈmjento] ) is the general term for the town council, or cabildo , of a municipality or, sometimes, as is often the case in Spain and Latin America , for the municipality itself. Ayuntamiento is mainly used in Spain; in Latin America alcaldía is also for municipal governing bodies, especially the executive ones, where
58-511: A 2016 album by Yuna CHPTRS , an American band Organization [ edit ] A local division of within organizations, such as non-profits, trade unions, or fraternities and sororities Other [ edit ] Chapters (film) , a 2012 Malayalam drama film See also [ edit ] The Chapters , a band from Dublin Capitulum (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Chapter Topics referred to by
87-435: A chapter Music [ edit ] Chapter Music , a record label Chapters (Cheryl Pepsii Riley album), a 1991 album by Cheryl Pepsii Riley Chapters (Amorphis album) , a 2003 album by Amorphis Chapters (Anekdoten album) , a 2009 album by Anekdoten Chapters (Forever Changed album) , a 2006 album by Forever Changed Chapters (Paradox album) , a 2015 album by Paradox Chapters (Yuna album) ,
116-598: A religious order Chapter house , a building attached to a cathedral or collegiate church Chapter house (Navajo Nation) , an administrative division on the Navajo Nation Chapter (Navajo Nation) , the most local form of government on the Navajo Nation Chapter Arts Centre , a cultural centre in Cardiff, Wales Every fraternity and sorority has a membership, the meeting of which is known as
145-489: A representative institution with elections. Article 310 called for the establishment of an ayuntamiento for all settlements with 1,000 inhabitants. The term ayuntamiento was often preceded by the word excelentísimo ("most excellent"), when referring to the council. This phrase is often abbreviated " Exc. Ay. ". Other names for ayuntamiento have been casa de cabildo , casa capitular , casa consistorial and casa del concejo . In Latin America several terms exist for
174-440: A rise in the proportion of peninsulares being appointed. The last ones had been positions to which creoles once had easy access, especially after the approval of the sale of offices, which began during the financial crisis in the late 16th century. As a result of being shut out of those offices, creoles turned to the cabildos for political power. Soon enough, cabildos became the centre of power for creoles, as evidenced in many of
203-426: Is municipalidad , consejo provincial or consejo distrital (district council). Executive functions in most of these countries is handled by an executive alcalde , the mayor (not to be confused with the historic alcalde , who was a magistrate ). Cabildo (council) A cabildo ( Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈβildo] ) or ayuntamiento ( Spanish: [aʝuntaˈmjento] )
232-488: Is also the Spanish word for a cathedral chapter . Historically, the term ayuntamiento was often preceded by the word excelentísimo ( English : "most excellent") as a style of office in referring to the council. That phrase is often abbreviated Exc. Ay. The Castilian cabildo has some similarities to the ancient Roman municipium and civitas , especially in the use of plural administrative officers and its control of
261-432: The viceroy . The cabildo had judicial, legislative, and administrative duties. For that reason, it was often addressed with the formula, Consejo, Justicia y Regimiento (Council, Justice and Government ). The cabildo consisted of several types of officials. There were four to twelve regidores , depending on the size and importance of the municipality. Regidores were not just deliberative officers, but all shared in
290-691: The " cabildo ". Those names are preserved in parts of Latin America and even in New Orleans . At present, cabildos exist only on the Canary Islands ( cabildos insulares ),with one governing each island, and they are elected. Cabildos there resemble the consells insulars ( island councils ) of the Balearic Islands . chapter [REDACTED] Look up chapter , cap. , or subchapter in Wiktionary,
319-405: The administration of the territory by dividing tasks among themselves. Initially the regidores were elected by all the heads of household. In the late Middle Ages, those elections often turned violent, with citizens forming bands to control elections and even resorting to murder. To minimize that problem, kings began to appoint a certain number of or even all of the regidores in certain cities. By
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#1732849010075348-405: The cities various levels of self-rule and unique sets of laws (the fueros ) and made them the administrative centre of a large terminus or alfoz , which was analogous to the ancient territorium . In general, municipal governments often consisted of a council ( consejo ) that was open to all the property-owning adult males of the city and a nobleman appointed to represent the king and organize
377-538: The cities. Qadis heard any cases that fell under the purview of Sharia law , and sahibs oversaw the administration of the various other areas of urban life, such as the markets and the public order . The cabildo proper began its slow evolution in the process of the Reconquista . As fortified areas grew into urban centres, or older cities were incorporated into the expanding Christian kingdoms of Portugal , León and Castile , kings and sometimes local lords granted
406-499: The clashes, usually with the peninsular -dominated audiencias , in the period leading up to the Spanish American Wars of Independence . In the first decades of the national period, the traditional form of the cabildo was kept in several Spanish American nations although they were eventually replaced by legislative municipal councils . Because cabildos were the city government, the city administrative offices were often called
435-478: The defense of the city and terminus . By the 13th century, these open councils proved unwieldy and were replaced by a smaller body, the cabildo or ayuntamiento consisting of set number of regidores (usually 24 in the largest cities) elected by the property owners in the city. The new bodies took their permanent form by the end of the 14th century. As part of the same process, a municipal council (the consell ) with different attributes and composition also evolved in
464-459: The development of the Castilian and Leonese Parliaments (the cortes ) because cities had a right to representation in them. In addition to the council members, the cabildo had one or two magistrates, the alcades , whom the regidores elected every January 1. Alcaldes served as judges of first instance in all criminal and civil cases and acted as presiding officers of the cabildo unless there
493-465: The eighteenth-century Bourbon Reforms in New Spain , which created intendancies and weakened the power of the viceroy , the ayuntamientos "became the institution representing the interests of the local and regional oligarchical groups then setting deep roots into their territories." The Spanish Constitution of 1812 called for the transformation of the ayuntamiento, previously dominated by elites, into
522-411: The free dictionary. Chapter or Chapters may refer to: Books [ edit ] Chapter (books) , a main division of a piece of writing or document Chapter book , a story book intended for intermediate readers, generally age 7–10 Chapters (bookstore) , Canadian big box bookstore banner Buildings and divisions [ edit ] Chapter (religion) , an assembly of members in
551-501: The landholder's protection in a process that ultimately led to feudalism . (See also Manorialism .) In areas in which the old territoria survived, the Visigothic kings appointed a single officer, called either a comes or a iudice , to replace the defunct municipia or civitates . After the Muslim conquest , the new rulers also appointed various judicial officers to manage the affairs of
580-458: The legislative bodies of municipalities. The term consejo is used in Argentina , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , and Peru . In Mexico the term ayuntamiento is for the council (which refers to itself as the H. Ayuntamiento , or el Honorable Ayuntamiento ). Puerto Rican municipalities have a legislatura municipal . In Peru the term ayuntamiento is never used; instead, it
609-528: The legislative body and the executive body are two separate entities. In Catalan -speaking parts of Spain, municipalities generally use the Catalan cognate, ajuntament , while Galician ones use the word concello , Astur-Leonese conceyu and Basque udaletxea . Since ayuntamiento is a metonym for the building in which the council meets, it also translates to "city/ town hall " in English. With
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#1732849010075638-454: The modern era, different cabildos had different mixes of elected and appointed regidores both in Europe and overseas. Finally, to add another layer of control, the kings introduced corregidores to represent them directly and preside over the cabildos. Although many municipalities lost their right to elect all or some of their regidores as time went on, cities and cabildos gained new power with
667-532: The municipality and its vecinos before the Spanish Crown and so it was among the first institutions established by the conquistadors themselves after, or even before, taking over an area. For example, Hernán Cortés established La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz to free himself from the authority of the Governor of Cuba. The word cabildo has the same Latin root ( capitulum ) as the English word chapter and in fact
696-544: The neighboring Kingdom of Aragon during this period. In theory, every municipality in the Spanish colonies in the Americas and the Spanish Philippines had a cabildo. Municipalities included not only the cities but also the surrounding lands. All lands were ultimately assigned to a municipality. Usually, the cabildo made local laws and reported to the presidente (president) of the audiencia , who in turn reported to
725-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chapter . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapter&oldid=1195049090 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
754-517: The supplies of the city and oversaw municipal sanitation; the procurador or city attorney; and a scribe . After the Bourbon Reforms , peninsulares were almost exclusively appointed to the positions of viceroy and bishop. Other offices, such as oidores of the audiencia , corregidores (in the places in which they continued to exist after the Bourbon Reforms) and intendant , also saw
783-529: The surrounding countryside, the territorium , but its evolution is a uniquely-medieval development. With the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the establishment of the Visigothic Kingdom , the ancient municipal government vanished. In many areas, seeking to escape from the political instability around them, people entrusted themselves to large landholders and to exchanging their service for
812-399: Was a Spanish colonial and early postcolonial administrative council that governed a municipality . Cabildos were sometimes appointed, sometimes elected, but were considered to be representative of all land-owning heads of household ( vecinos ). The colonial cabildo was essentially the same as the one that was developed in medieval Castile . The cabildo was the legal representative of
841-457: Was a corregidor . In provincial capitals, the first alcalde would fill in for incapacitated governors. Other officers were the alférez real (royal standard-bearer), who had a vote in cabildo deliberations and would substitute the alcalde if the latter could not carry out the functions of his office; the alguacil mayor , who oversaw local law enforcement ; the fiel ejecutor , who was the inspector of weights, measures and markets, in charge of
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