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94-654: The Ayala Museum is a museum in Makati , Metro Manila , Philippines . It is run privately by the Ayala Foundation and houses archaeological, ethnographic, historical, fine arts, numismatics, and ecclesiastical exhibits. Since its establishment in April 1967, the museum has been committed to showcasing overseas collections and situating contemporary Philippine art in the global arena in a two-way highway of mutual cooperation and exchange with local and international associates. The museum

188-853: A Circle (1911); František Kupka had painted the Orphist works, Discs of Newton (Study for Fugue in Two Colors ), 1912 and Amorpha, Fugue en deux couleurs ( Fugue in Two Colors ), 1912; Robert Delaunay painted a series entitled Simultaneous Windows and Formes Circulaires, Soleil n°2 (1912–13); Léopold Survage created Colored Rhythm (Study for the film), 1913; Piet Mondrian , painted Tableau No. 1 and Composition No. 11 , 1913. With his expressive use of color and his free and imaginative drawing Henri Matisse comes very close to pure abstraction in French Window at Collioure (1914), View of Notre-Dame (1914), and The Yellow Curtain from 1915. And

282-507: A basis for a diversity of modes of abstraction. The following extract from The World Backwards gives some impression of the inter-connectedness of culture at the time: " David Burliuk 's knowledge of modern art movements must have been extremely up-to-date, for the second Knave of Diamonds exhibition , held in January 1912 (in Moscow) included not only paintings sent from Munich, but some members of

376-538: A church in honor of his namesake, Saint Peter the Apostle , and endowed 14,000 pesos for its construction. The church, later known as San Pedro Macati Church , was completed in 1620. While under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan friars during the 17th century, it was established as a town on June 1, 1670 under the name San Pedro Macati out of Santa Ana de Sapa. The nearby Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church , changed into

470-582: A departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation can be slight, partial, or complete. Abstraction exists along a continuum. Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is impossible. Artwork which takes liberties, e.g. altering color or form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract. Total abstraction bears no trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction , for instance, one

564-654: A dominant office market in Metro Manila alongside Taguig and Pasig . As of 2023, Taguig had the highest share of existing office supply in Metro Manila at 26 percent, followed by Makati at 20 percent. Makati is the second top revenue earner in the National Capital Region , following Quezon City at first place. The city has not increased its tax rates since its new Revenue Code took effect in 2006, and has been free of deficit for about three decades. Most of

658-715: A few directions relating to abstraction in the second half of the 20th century. In the United States, Art as Object as seen in the Minimalist sculpture of Donald Judd and the paintings of Frank Stella are seen today as newer permutations. Other examples include Lyrical Abstraction and the sensuous use of color seen in the work of painters as diverse as Robert Motherwell , Patrick Heron , Kenneth Noland , Sam Francis , Cy Twombly , Richard Diebenkorn , Helen Frankenthaler , Joan Mitchell , and Veronica Ruiz de Velasco . One socio-historical explanation that has been offered for

752-799: A few of the exiled Europeans who arrived in New York. The rich cultural influences brought by the European artists were distilled and built upon by local New York painters. The climate of freedom in New York allowed all of these influences to flourish. The art galleries that primarily had focused on European art began to notice the local art community and the work of younger American artists who had begun to mature. Certain artists at this time became distinctly abstract in their mature work. During this period Piet Mondrian's painting Composition No. 10 , 1939–1942, characterized by primary colors, white ground and black grid lines clearly defined his radical but classical approach to

846-470: A few. All works of Zobel highlights pure non-objectivism and abstract art . Some of these include Vasata (1960), Portrait of Ep (1961), El Balcon II (1964), Pausa Clara (1966), and Las Soledades de Lope de Vega (1968). Images of Nation shows the works of the national artists for visual arts of the Philippines while, New Frontiers features the work of contemporary artists. Launched in 2010. In

940-500: A manifesto defining an abstract art in which the line, color and surface only are the concrete reality. Abstraction-Création founded in 1931 as a more open group, provided a point of reference for abstract artists, as the political situation worsened in 1935, and artists again regrouped, many in London. The first exhibition of British abstract art was held in England in 1935. The following year

1034-732: A park called Ayala Triangle Gardens are also located in the area. The Makati Business Club has over 800 chief executive officers and senior executives, which represents 450 of the country's biggest corporations. The biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange used to be situated along the city's Ayala Avenue , before the stock exchange moved their headquarters to the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig . The city has an office space supply of 2.8 million square meters (30 million square feet) as of end-2021, making it

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1128-969: A premier shopping and cultural district in the metropolis. It is a vast walkable complex with high-end malls that houses cinemas, local and international shops, homegrown restaurants and international food chains. The shopping malls that are located at the Ayala Center include Greenbelt , Glorietta , Park Square, The Link, and Ayala Malls One Ayala . The Ayala Center is also home to three department stores, namely: SM Makati, Rustan's , and The Landmark . Other shopping centers in Makati include Power Plant Mall at Rockwell Center , Century City Mall at Century City, Ayala Malls Circuit at Circuit Makati , Cash & Carry Mall, Walter Mart Makati, Makati Central Square (formerly Makati Cinema Square), Guadalupe Commercial Center, Paseo de Magallanes, and pocket malls at various high-rise residential condominiums or office buildings in

1222-563: A result of the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute ruling, resulting in a reduction of the city's population to about 292,743. The daytime population of the city is estimated to be more than three million during a typical working day because of the large number of people who go to the city to work, shop, and do business. The name of Makati originates from the Tagalog word kati , meaning "[of the] low tide " or "[of the] ebb tide ", attributing to

1316-407: A technician, learning to use the tools and materials of modern production. Art into life! was Vladimir Tatlin 's slogan, and that of all the future Constructivists. Varvara Stepanova and Alexandre Exter and others abandoned easel painting and diverted their energies to theatre design and graphic works. On the other side stood Kazimir Malevich , Anton Pevsner and Naum Gabo . They argued that art

1410-558: A view from a single point, with modulated color in flat areas – became the basis of a new visual art, later to be developed into Cubism . Additionally in the late 19th century in Eastern Europe mysticism and early modernist religious philosophy as expressed by theosophist Mme. Blavatsky had a profound impact on pioneer geometric artists like Hilma af Klint and Wassily Kandinsky . The mystical teaching of Georges Gurdjieff and P.D. Ouspensky also had an important influence on

1504-438: Is also known for being a major cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila . According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 629,616 people, making it as the 47th most populous city in the country and ranked as the 43rd most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer or 50,080 inhabitants per square mile. In 2023, the ten Embo barangays were removed from Makati's jurisdiction as

1598-659: Is another famous sports landmark in the city, where some of the biggest sports gatherings are held. The city's only professional sports team is the Makati OKBet Kings , which joined the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League in its second season . Abstract art Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. By

1692-439: Is conspicuously and deliberately altered vis-a-vis reality, and cubism , which alters the forms of the real-life entities depicted. Patronage from the church diminished and private patronage from the public became more capable of providing a livelihood for artists. Three art movements which contributed to the development of abstract art were Romanticism , Impressionism and Expressionism . Artistic independence for artists

1786-441: Is divided into 23 barangays (the smallest local government units) which handle governance in a much smaller area. These barangays are grouped into two congressional districts where each district is represented by a congressman in the country's House of Representatives . The 1st Congressional District is composed of the barangays straddling EDSA , the barangays to the north and west of them, while excluding Guadalupe Viejo, while

1880-629: Is home to a number of fine art museums, colonial-era churches and recreation areas. Along the south-eastern border of Makati beyond Forbes Park are the Manila Golf Club and the Manila Polo Club . The Manila Golf Club features an 18-hole golf course. The Manila Polo Club counts among its polo enthusiasts some of the country's wealthiest people. The Makati Sports Club in Salcedo Village is another popular place for sports. The Makati Coliseum

1974-496: Is one of the most well-known shopping hubs of Metro Manila . Various shopping centers, offering both international and local retail shops, high-end boutiques, dining outlets and entertainment facilities can be found around the city. The Ayala Center is a major commercial development operated by Ayala Land located in the Makati CBD. The center is known for its wide array of shopping, entertainment, and cultural offerings, making it

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2068-480: Is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. Makati was the setting of what is believed to be the single biggest case of involuntary disappearance during martial law – the case of the " Southern Tagalog 10 " – ten activists from

2162-424: Is unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive . But figurative and representational (or realistic ) art often contain partial abstraction. Both geometric abstraction and lyrical abstraction are often totally abstract. Among the very numerous art movements that embody partial abstraction would be for instance fauvism in which color

2256-435: The 2nd Congressional District is to the south and east of the 1st District, including the aforementioned barangay. The districts elect the sixteen members of the city council , eight from each of the two councilor districts that are coextensive with the congressional districts. Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, Pembo, Pitogo, Post Proper Northside , Post Proper Southside , and Rizal, collectively known as

2350-654: The Abstract expressionists and the New York School . In New York City there was an atmosphere which encouraged discussion and there was a new opportunity for learning and growing. Artists and teachers John D. Graham and Hans Hofmann became important bridge figures between the newly arrived European Modernists and the younger American artists coming of age. Mark Rothko , born in Russia, began with strongly surrealist imagery which later dissolved into his powerful color compositions of

2444-456: The Bauhaus . By the mid-1920s the revolutionary period (1917 to 1921) when artists had been free to experiment was over; and by the 1930s only socialist realism was allowed. As visual art becomes more abstract, it develops some characteristics of music : an art form which uses the abstract elements of sound and divisions of time. Wassily Kandinsky , himself an amateur musician, was inspired by

2538-524: The City of Makati ( Filipino : Lungsod ng Makati ), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines , known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the Philippines. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati. Makati

2632-635: The Compañia General de Tobacos de Filipinas (also known as Tabacalera ). Artifacts such as tobaccos , cigar holders, and other paraphernalia are shown in the exhibit. Maps of huge tobacco plantations chiefly in Luzon are also displayed, including photos of the factory before and after being bombed during the Japanese occupation. Furthermore, paintings by Fernando Amorsolo and books written by Jaime Gil de Biedma and other biographers are on display. The exhibit

2726-558: The Embo barangays , were officially part of Makati from 1986 to 2023, when these were transferred to Taguig by virtue of the Supreme Court 's ruling that year to finally side with Taguig regarding the cities' territorial dispute. Under the Köppen climate classification system, the city features a tropical monsoon climate . Together with the rest of the Philippines, Makati lies entirely within

2820-606: The Zóbel de Ayala family , purchased the estate from the Jesuits for 52,800 pesos and named it " Hacienda San Pedro de Macati". Since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation . In 1890, San Pedro de Macati was proclaimed as a public town of Manila province . In 1901, San Pedro Macati was incorporated into the newly established province of Rizal . On February 28, 1914,

2914-541: The tallest skyscrapers in Metro Manila and the Philippines are located in Makati. Among them are the PBCom Tower , Trump Tower Manila and Gramercy Residences in Century City , Discovery Primea , Shang Salcedo Place , and G.T. International Tower . PBCom Tower along Ayala Avenue was the country's tallest office building from 2001 to 2017, with a total ground-to-architectural-top height of 259 meters (850 ft). It

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3008-634: The "Our Lady of Guadalupe" church, welcomed an image of the Virgin Mary and devotees from Mexico , and one person from a family in Makati, the Montes De Oca family, which produced Isidoro Montes de Oca , who became pivotal in the Mexican war of Independence against Spain. This parish had a large spiritual jurisdiction in the province of Tondo (later known as Manila), extending up to the present-day Muntinlupa . In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Roxas, an ancestor of

3102-502: The 18th century to the contemporary period of Philippine art. Pioneers of Philippine Art showcases the 100 years of Philippine art from the late 19th century to the 20th century in the works of three famous Filipino artists namely Juan Luna , Fernando Amorsolo and Fernando Zobel . Paintings of Amorsolo includes Palay Maiden (1920), Maiden with Lanzones (1924), Maiden in a Flower Garden (1948), Portrait of Victoria Zobel de Ayala (1948), and Open Market Scene (1957–1958) to name

3196-444: The 2020 census, Makati had a population of 629,616. The count was later reduced to 292,743 in 2023 based on the same census when the Embo barangays were transferred to Taguig as a result of the cities' territorial dispute ruling. Makati currently ranks 14th in population size within Metro Manila . A majority of Makati residents identified their religious affiliation as Roman Catholic . Other groups having large number of members in

3290-565: The Bauhaus went to America. During the 1930s Paris became the host to artists from Russia, Germany, the Netherlands and other European countries affected by the rise of totalitarianism . Sophie Tauber and Jean Arp collaborated on paintings and sculpture using organic/geometric forms. The Polish Katarzyna Kobro applied mathematically based ideas to sculpture. The many types of abstraction now in close proximity led to attempts by artists to analyse

3384-628: The German Die Brücke group, while from Paris came work by Robert Delaunay , Henri Matisse and Fernand Léger , as well as Picasso. During the Spring David Burliuk gave two lectures on cubism and planned a polemical publication, which the Knave of Diamonds was to finance. He went abroad in May and came back determined to rival the almanac Der Blaue Reiter which had emerged from the printers while he

3478-485: The Inner Fort Bonifacio area: Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside . On November 7, 1975, Makati was separated from Rizal province to become part of the National Capital Region as a component municipality. The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, particularly for the areas near the capital. A sudden glut of debt driven public works projects in

3572-527: The Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism . The raw language of color as developed by the Fauves directly influenced another pioneer of abstraction, Wassily Kandinsky . Cubism , based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to cube , sphere and cone became, along with Fauvism , the art movement that directly opened

3666-420: The Philippines as one of countries most affected by catastrophes due to extreme weather events. Makati is a low-lying, coastal city vulnerable to natural calamities intensified by climate change, such as typhoons, floods, and landslides. The city's disaster risk reduction and management office noted a rise in rainfall experienced by the city over the years, particularly during the rainy season. In August 2022,

3760-612: The Schools Division Office (SDO) of Makati City oversees 23 public schools: 16 elementary schools and 7 high schools. In 2023, as a result of the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute ruling, 14 public elementary and high schools, including the Makati Science High School , were transferred from the SDO of Makati City to the SDO of Taguig City and Pateros. Makati later appealed to the national Department of Education to retain

3854-538: The ancient wisdom of the sacred books of India and China in the early years of the century. It was in this context that Piet Mondrian , Wassily Kandinsky, Hilma af Klint and other artists working towards an 'objectless state' became interested in the occult as a way of creating an 'inner' object. The universal and timeless shapes found in geometry : the circle, square and triangle become the spatial elements in abstract art; they are, like color, fundamental systems underlying visible reality. The Bauhaus at Weimar, Germany

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3948-483: The area, culminating in the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled Marcos' 20-year authoritarian regime . His political rival and successor, Corazon Aquino –the wife of the deceased senator Aquino–became the eleventh and first female president of the Philippines. In January 1986, by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 2475, s. 1986, Fort Bonifacio and the Embo barangays of Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, Pembo and Pitogo were transferred to

4042-524: The city are the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Members Church of God International , Evangelical Christians , Iglesia ni Cristo , Protestantism , Islam , Hinduism , Buddhism and Judaism . Based on the city's Transport and Traffic Improvement Plan 2004–2014, the city's daytime population is estimated to be 3.7 million during weekdays, owing to the large number of people who come to work, do business, or shop. The daily influx of people into

4136-582: The city government declared a climate emergency , amid rising sea levels and global temperature changes. Makati undertakes climate adaptation programs to address vulnerabilities to climate change, which include health services to residents, emergency response, and environmental management and protection. It intends to increase projects to address climate change, including a planned purchase of more electric vehicles, installation of solar panels in public schools and government offices, and improvement of public transport to lessen greenhouse gas emissions . As of

4230-565: The city have established branch or satellite campuses in Makati. These include the Ateneo de Manila University (Ateneo Professional Schools), De La Salle University , Far Eastern University , Mapúa University , Lyceum of the Philippines University , Centro Escolar University , and AMA Computer College Colleges , among others. Australian Catholic University , a foreign institution, maintains an extension program in Makati. As of 2024,

4324-433: The city provides the skilled labor force that allows Makati to handle the service requirements of domestic as well as international transactions; it also serves as the base of a large consumer market that fuels the retail and service trade in the city. At the same time, however, the large tidal population flows exert pressure on Makati's environment, services, and utilities, most noticeably causing large traffic volumes along

4418-697: The city. The University of Makati , a public, non-profit university, is the city's flagship university located in West Rembo , its former barangay that is now part of Taguig . Other institutions of higher education located in the city include the Asian Institute of Management (AIM), iAcademy , Asian Seminary of Christian Ministries (ASCM), Don Bosco Technical Institute of Makati , Assumption College San Lorenzo , Saint Paul College of Makati , Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary, and Asia Pacific College . Several higher education institutions headquartered outside

4512-461: The constitutional requirement of 250,000 people and the city may be reduced back to a single congressional district . But pending legislation, the status quo of its existence is expected to prevail. Makati is located within the circle of 14′40″ °N and 121′3″ °E right at the center of Metro Manila. The city is bounded on the north by the Pasig River , facing Mandaluyong , on the east by Taguig , on

4606-478: The control of Makati. The proclamation was contested by Taguig because it altered the municipality's boundaries unconstitutionally, which resulted in a three-decade long territorial dispute . After Mayor Nemesio Yabut succumbed to an illness on February 25, 1986, coinciding with the last day of the People Power Revolution, Aquino appointed Jejomar Binay as acting mayor of Makati two days later; he

4700-434: The decades-long territorial dispute with Taguig , which was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. The city ceded its territorial and political jurisdiction of the ten Embo barangays to Taguig , thus losing an estimated 300,000 people from its population. Because of Taguig's territorial takeover, 10 barangays out of 13 barangays were removed from Makati's 2nd district , which put it into limbo as it does not meet

4794-661: The depiction of objects. Even earlier than that, with her "spirit" drawings, Georgiana Houghton 's choice to work with abstract shapes correlate with the unnatural nature of her subject, in a time when abstraction was not yet a concept (she organized an exhibit in 1871). Expressionist painters explored the bold use of paint surface, drawing distortions and exaggerations, and intense color. Expressionists produced emotionally charged paintings that were reactions to and perceptions of contemporary experience; and reactions to Impressionism and other more conservative directions of late 19th-century painting. The Expressionists drastically changed

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4888-429: The door to abstraction in the early 20th century. During the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or , where František Kupka exhibited his abstract painting Amorpha, Fugue en deux couleurs ( Fugue in Two Colors ) (1912), the poet Guillaume Apollinaire named the work of several artists including Robert Delaunay , Orphism . He defined it as, "the art of painting new structures out of elements that have not been borrowed from

4982-702: The early 1950s. The expressionistic gesture and the act of painting itself, became of primary importance to Jackson Pollock , Robert Motherwell , and Franz Kline . While during the 1940s Arshile Gorky 's and Willem de Kooning 's figurative work evolved into abstraction by the end of the decade. New York City became the center, and artists worldwide gravitated towards it; from other places in America as well. Digital art , hard-edge painting , geometric abstraction , minimalism , lyrical abstraction , op art, abstract expressionism, color field painting, monochrome painting , assemblage , neo-Dada, shaped canvas painting, are

5076-410: The early formations of the geometric abstract styles of Piet Mondrian and his colleagues in the early 20th century. The spiritualism also inspired the abstract art of Kasimir Malevich and František Kupka . At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque , André Derain , Raoul Dufy and Jean Metzinger revolutionized

5170-554: The electronic research centers in the Philippines . It houses more than 13,000 contemporary volumes on Philippine history, art, language, religion, and the social sciences, and more than 2,000 uncommon titles, maps, and photographs. Additional features of this library include the digitization of its collection, CD-ROM publishing, development of web pages, and electronic databases. The library has set up an online search engine that provides access to more than 357,000 Filipiniana database records, through its numerous Library Link initiatives in

5264-460: The emphasis on subject matter in favor of the portrayal of psychological states of being. Although artists like Edvard Munch and James Ensor drew influences principally from the work of the Post-Impressionists they were instrumental to the advent of abstraction in the 20th century. Paul Cézanne had begun as an Impressionist but his aim – to make a logical construction of reality based on

5358-401: The end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology , science and philosophy . The sources from which individual artists drew their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time. Abstraction indicates

5452-459: The ground floor of the museum. Recent exhibition features the "Beyond Tobacco" exhibit which is in time with Ayala Corporation's 180th anniversary. Beyond Tobacco presents the rich economic history of the Philippines and its deep relationship with Spain during and after the Tobacco Monopoly in the 19th century by its large collection of artifacts , memorabilia, maps , and photographs of

5546-431: The growing prevalence of the abstract in modern art—an explanation linked to the name of Theodor W. Adorno —is that such abstraction is a response to (and a reflection of) the growing abstraction of social relations in industrial society . Frederic Jameson similarly sees modernist abstraction as a function of the abstract power of money, equating all things equally as exchange-values. The social content of abstract art

5640-559: The late 1960s led the Philippine economy to a sudden downward turn known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and social unrest. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history

5734-600: The major road corridors leading to the city as well as within and at the periphery of the central business district. Poverty incidence of Makati Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The economy of Makati is diverse and multifaceted. Makati is the home to the Ayala Triangle in the Makati Central Business District , which is home to many multinational companies, banks, and other major businesses. A few upscale boutiques, restaurants, and

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5828-515: The management of Makati Science High School, Fort Bonifacio Elementary School, and Fort Bonifacio High School, but the city's appeal was denied, leaving the city without a science high school. Rafael Palma Elementary School, which is under the jurisdiction of the neighboring city of Manila 's Schools Division Office , is located in Barangay La Paz, near the Makati–Manila boundary. Makati

5922-861: The more international Abstract and Concrete exhibition was organized by Nicolete Gray including work by Piet Mondrian , Joan Miró , Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson . Hepworth, Nicholson and Gabo moved to the St. Ives in Cornwall to continue their constructivist work. During the Nazi rise to power in the 1930s many artists fled Europe to the United States. By the early 1940s the main movements in modern art, expressionism, cubism, abstraction, surrealism , and dada were represented in New York: Marcel Duchamp , Fernand Léger , Piet Mondrian , Jacques Lipchitz , André Masson , Max Ernst , and André Breton , were just

6016-639: The name of the town was shortened to its present name of Makati , under Philippine Legislature Act No. 2390. As of 1934, Makati had 14 barrios according to the Rizal provincial directory, namely: Poblacion , Comandante Carmona , Culiculi (present-day Pio del Pilar), Guadalupe, Fort McKinley , Malapadnabato (present-day West Rembo), Masilang (present-day South Cembo), Kasilawan, Olimpia (Olympia), Palanan, Pinagkaisajan (Pinagkaisahan), Rural, Sampalukan, and Tejeros. Fort McKinley, Malapadnabato, and Masilang were previously parts of Pateros . On January 1, 1942, Makati

6110-600: The nearby Southern Tagalog region, mostly in their twenties, who were abducted in late July 1977 at the Makati Medical Center . Following the assassination of opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr. on August 21, 1983, Makati became a nexus for protests against the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos . Known as the Confetti Revolution , the demonstrations held in the central business district were led partly by employees of major corporations based in

6204-614: The old Makati Stock Exchange Building. The old building was designed by National Artist Leandro Locsin . Plans to transfer to the Ayala Museum were made as early as 2002. The old building that hosted the old Ayala Museum was demolished which met some criticism from heritage conservationists. The museum moved to a new six-story building made from granite, steel and glass, which was designed by Leandro V. Locsin Partners, led by Leandro Y. Locsin Jr.,

6298-404: The past years, Images of Nation has featured a collection of works by Vicente Manansala (May–July 2010), Jose Joya (September 2011-January 2012), and Victorio Edades (March July 2012). The Collector Series presents selections from private collections of art in curated thematic exhibitions. The Filipinas Heritage Library is located on the sixth floor of the museum. It is known to be one of

6392-538: The past, from over a hundred partner libraries across the Philippines. Aside from the pieces of tradeware vessels from the Roberto T. Villanueva collection, one section of the museum provides researchers with study collections including books and several publications on art and history of ceramics courtesy of John D. Forbes. Makati Makati ( / m ə ˈ k ɑː t i / mə- KAH -tee ; Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐˈkaː.t̪ɪ] ), officially

6486-458: The patron of his encomienda "Hacienda Pedro" (now part of the present-day city). Having been named as such, residents corrupted the name to “Sampiro,” which used to refer to both the then-town and its namesake church . Parts of Makati were once subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan , whose capital is now in the Santa Ana district of Manila . Parts of Makati became a visita of

6580-419: The possibility of marks and associative color resounding in the soul. The idea had been put forward by Charles Baudelaire , that all our senses respond to various stimuli but the senses are connected at a deeper aesthetic level. Closely related to this, is the idea that art has The spiritual dimension and can transcend 'every-day' experience, reaching a spiritual plane. The Theosophical Society popularized

6674-457: The rectangle and abstract art in general. Some artists of the period defied categorization, such as Georgia O'Keeffe who, while a modernist abstractionist, was a pure maverick in that she painted highly abstract forms while not joining any specific group of the period. Eventually American artists who were working in a great diversity of styles began to coalesce into cohesive stylistic groups. The best-known group of American artists became known as

6768-449: The school was moved to Dessau and, as the Nazi party gained control in 1932, The Bauhaus was closed. In 1937 an exhibition of degenerate art , 'Entartete Kunst' contained all types of avant-garde art disapproved of by the Nazi party. Then the exodus began: not just from the Bauhaus but from Europe in general; to Paris, London and America. Paul Klee went to Switzerland but many of the artists at

6862-602: The search continued: The Rayist (Luchizm) drawings of Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov , used lines like rays of light to make a construction. Kasimir Malevich completed his first entirely abstract work, the Suprematist , Black Square , in 1915. Another of the Suprematist group' Liubov Popova , created the Architectonic Constructions and Spatial Force Constructions between 1916 and 1921. Piet Mondrian

6956-460: The seventh city in Metro Manila. The law was approved by a plebiscite one month later, on February 2, 1995, by majority of voters. On May 17, 2000, at 5:02 p.m. PHT , the Glorietta mall located inside the Ayala Center was bombed, injuring 13 persons. According to local authorities, the homemade bomb originated from the restroom of a restaurant and affected an adjacent video arcade. The bombing

7050-709: The son of the architect that designed the old Ayala Museum. It was formally dedicated at the 170th anniversary of the Ayala Corporation on September 28, 2004, and stands on the same site of the original Ayala Museum. The museum temporarily closed on June 1, 2019, for renovations, which were expected to finish by the end of 2020. These renovations were halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic , but subsequently finished by November 2021. The museum reopened on December 4, 2021. Contemporary exhibitions such as retrospectives of Filipino artists and contemporary international art are housed at

7144-571: The southwest by Pasay , and on the northwest by the city of Manila . Creeks such as the Estero de Tripa de Gallina mostly on the west, Maricaban Creek on the south, and San Jose Creek on the east, form parts of Makati's city boundary. Makati has a total land area of 21.57 square kilometers (8.33 sq mi). Its territory also surrounds the Manila South Cemetery , an exclave of San Andres district of Manila . Since November 2023, Makati

7238-401: The subsequent closure of Nielson Field , the town grew rapidly, and real estate values boomed. The first of the planned communities (in what are now the barangays Forbes Park , Urdaneta, San Lorenzo, and Bel-Air established during those times) were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía . At the same time, Fort McKinley, then renamed Fort Bonifacio , and

7332-436: The then Philippine Army headquarters, became the starting point for the building up of seven more communities by military families who worked in the base area. New office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District (CBD). Since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. In December 1972, two barrios (later barangay) of Makati were established at

7426-623: The then-town of Santa Ana de Sapa in 1578, during the Spanish colonial era . In 1589, Captain Pedro de Brito, then an aide to the Spanish Army chief of staff, purchased a land encompassing the present-day Poblacion with a public bid of 1,400 pesos, and established his encomienda named "Hacienda Pedro". In 1608, he and his wife Ana de Herrera donated half of land to the Jesuits , with the condition of building

7520-433: The tidal movements of the adjacent Pasig River . Alternatively, the word may also mean "itchy", attributed to the lipang kalabaw plant ( Dendrocnide meyeniana ) that once grew in the area. Previously, it was named San Pedro [de] Macati, a name stylized in Spanish . The first part of the name is derived from Spanish for Saint Peter , the then-town's patron saint, chosen by his namesake, Spanish captain Pedro de Brito, as

7614-451: The tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 20 °C (68 °F) or going higher than 38 °C (100 °F). However, humidity levels are usually very high which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct, albeit relatively short dry season from January through May, and a relatively lengthy wet season from June through December. The Global Climate Risk Index 2021 lists

7708-532: The various conceptual and aesthetic groupings. An exhibition by forty-six members of the Cercle et Carré group organized by Joaquín Torres-García assisted by Michel Seuphor contained work by the Neo-Plasticists as well as abstractionists as varied as Kandinsky, Anton Pevsner and Kurt Schwitters . Criticized by Theo van Doesburg to be too indefinite a collection he published the journal Art Concret setting out

7802-463: The visual sphere, but had been created entirely by the artist...it is a pure art." Since the turn of the century, cultural connections between artists of the major European cities had become extremely active as they strove to create an art form equal to the high aspirations of modernism . Ideas were able to cross-fertilize by means of artist's books, exhibitions and manifestos so that many sources were open to experimentation and discussion, and formed

7896-628: Was advanced during the 19th century. An objective interest in what is seen can be discerned from the paintings of John Constable , J. M. W. Turner , Camille Corot and from them to the Impressionists who continued the plein air painting of the Barbizon school . Early intimations of a new art had been made by James McNeill Whistler who, in his painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket , (1872), placed greater emphasis on visual sensation than

7990-739: Was curated by Professor Martin Rodrigo of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (also known as Pompeu Fabra University ) in Barcelona, Spain . The museum's second floor gallery features art exhibits and galleries. Accessible through Greenbelt , it offers free admission, distinct from the rest of the museum. The museum's third floor galleries and the Zobel multipurpose hall are designed to house the changing displays showing Pioneers of Philippine Art , Images of Nation , New Frontiers , and Collector Series - from

8084-672: Was essentially a spiritual activity; to create the individual's place in the world, not to organize life in a practical, materialistic sense. During that time, representatives of the Russian avant-garde collaborated with other Eastern European Constructivist artists, including Władysław Strzemiński , Katarzyna Kobro , and Henryk Stażewski . Many of those who were hostile to the materialist production idea of art left Russia. Anton Pevsner went to France, Gabo went first to Berlin, then to England and finally to America. Kandinsky studied in Moscow then left for

8178-428: Was evolving his abstract language, of horizontal and vertical lines with rectangles of color, between 1915 and 1919, Neo-Plasticism was the aesthetic which Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and other in the group De Stijl intended to reshape the environment of the future. Many of the abstract artists in Russia became Constructivists believing that art was no longer something remote, but life itself. The artist must become

8272-557: Was founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius . The philosophy underlying the teaching program was unity of all the visual and plastic arts from architecture and painting to weaving and stained glass. This philosophy had grown from the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement in England and the Deutscher Werkbund . Among the teachers were Paul Klee , Wassily Kandinsky , Johannes Itten , Josef Albers , Anni Albers , and László Moholy-Nagy . In 1925

8366-563: Was in Germany". From 1909 to 1913 many experimental works in the search for this 'pure art' had been created by a number of artists: Francis Picabia painted Caoutchouc , c. 1909, The Spring , 1912, Dances at the Spring and The Procession, Seville , 1912; Wassily Kandinsky painted Untitled (First Abstract Watercolor) , 1913, Improvisation 21A , the Impression series, and Picture with

8460-515: Was one of the municipalities of Rizal merged alongside Manila and Quezon City to form the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure by President Manuel L. Quezon . It regained its pre-war status as a municipality of Rizal when the City of Greater Manila was dissolved by President Sergio Osmeña effective August 1, 1945. After the destruction that the Second World War brought upon Manila, and

8554-610: Was reopened on December 4, 2021, after a two-year renovation. Envisioned during the 1950s by Philippine abstract painter Fernando Zóbel de Ayala y Montojo , as a museum of Philippine history and iconography, the Ayala Museum was established in 1967 as a project of the Filipinas Foundation , now known as the Ayala Foundation. The museum was housed at the Insular Life Building until 1974 before being transferred to

8648-546: Was said to be the precursor of the May 21, 2000 SM Megamall bombing and the Rizal Day bombings . On October 19, 2007, an explosion in Glorietta 2 left eleven people dead and injured more than a hundred. Initially, authorities said that it was caused by a liquefied petroleum gas explosion at a restaurant, but later began investigating the possibility that the explosion may have been a C-4 bomb . In April 2022, Makati lost in

8742-539: Was subsequently elected as mayor in 1988. During the 1989 Philippine coup attempt , the Makati central business district was occupied by Reform the Armed Forces Movement forces seeking to overthrow President Corazon Aquino . The resulting standoff lasted from December 2 to 9 and contributed to massive financial losses incurred due to the paralysis in the economic hub. On January 2, 1995, President Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act No. 7854, making Makati

8836-587: Was surpassed in 2017 by the Metrobank Center in Taguig with a total architectural height of 318 m (1,043.3 ft). In addition, Evangelista Street in Barangay Bangkal is known for being the site of automobile repair shops, replacement automobile parts stores, tire and wheel stores, car air-conditioning unit repair shops, and car tint stores, almost similar to Banawe Street in Quezon City . Makati

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