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102-754: Awo-Omamma (also Awo-Omamma), in the bortheast of the Niger Delta basin, is an oil-rich indigenous Igbo town on the banks of Njaba River . It is a potential tourism hub in the region due to its species of wildlife in Umuezukwe and green vegetation. Besides its natural resource endowments, Awo-omamma, many Igbo communities and cities, and indeed the entire indigenous Igbo country continuously prosper and increase in value because of increasing trade volumes, business and Organisations' operations and related economic activities and job creations. Situated in Oru-East , Awo-omamma

204-592: A Boarding School Santana Primary School, and an unpolluted water system, six well baby clinics, and a post office. They also assisted in introducing modern agricultural methods. Beside the famous Community Hospital, Awo-omamma is home to many other private and public health establishments including Chinwendu hospital, Rose Clinic, Awo-omamma Dispensary, Umuokwe Community Health Centre, and many others. Similarly, there are Umuezukwe Health Centre and Isieke Dispensary in Umuezukwe and Isieke sub-communities respectively. In 1959,

306-648: A boarder at the Jesuit College in Paris. However, he soon left his college room to share lodgings with the poorer day students who often struggled to find food, lodgings, and facilities for their studies. With a dozen of such students, Poullart des Places opened the Seminary of the Holy Spirit. It gradually developed into a religious society. The Spiritans were founded in Paris on Whit Sunday ( Pentecost ), 1703. Having opted for

408-562: A daily occurrence. Following the civil war, local communities increasingly demanded social and environmental justice from the federal government, with Ken Saro Wiwa and the Ogoni tribe as the lead figures for this phase of the struggle. Cohesive oil protests became most pronounced in 1990 with the publication of the Ogoni Bill of Rights. Indigenous people protested against the lack of economic development, e.g. schools, good roads, and hospitals, in

510-593: A diocesan congregation. In 1842, Francis Libermann had founded the "Society of the Holy Heart of Mary," a society dedicated to serve mainly the emancipated black slaves in the French colonies. The taking-up of the African missions by Libermann was due to the initiative of two American prelates, under the encouragement of the first Council of Baltimore . Already in 1833, John England , Bishop of Charleston , had drawn attention to

612-554: A dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria over the small territory of Bakassi . A new phase of the struggle saw the declaration of an Independent Niger Delta Republic by Isaac Adaka Boro during Nigerian president Ironsi's administration, just before the Nigerian Civil War . Also just before the Nigerian civil war, Southeastern State of Nigeria was created (also known as Southeastern Nigeria or Coastal Southeastern Nigeria), which had

714-655: A government initiative, and the Development Initiative, a community development non-governmental organization based in Port Harcourt . Uz and Uz Transnational, a company with a strong commitment to the Niger Delta, has introduced ways of developing the poor in the Niger Delta, especially in Rivers State. In September 2008, MEND released a statement proclaiming that their militants had launched an " oil war " throughout

816-430: A part of the eastern region of Nigeria , which came into being in 1951 (one of the three regions, and later one of the four regions). The majority of the people were those from the colonial Calabar and Ogoja divisions, the present-day Ogoja , Annang , Ibibio , Oron , Efik , Ijaw and Ogoni people. The National Council of Nigeria and Cameroon (NCNC) was the ruling political party of the region. The NCNC later became

918-452: A sense of displacement and identity crisis among the affected groups/communities. Additionally, when communities fight back against the oil industries as an act of protest, violence is often perpetuated. Since the 1990s there has been continuous violence in an effort to give local communities control of the oil in the delta. These acts of violence include the kidnapping of foreign oil workers and holding them for ransom, vandalization, and even

1020-588: A significant role in the training of student social workers to work with asylum seekers and refugees in partnership with Manchester University , Manchester Metropolitan University , and Salford University . Revive is based in Salford and is considered to be a missionary work of the Congregation, who are its principal funders. In 2009, a report from Caritas - Social Action highlighted the work of Revive as an example of good practice with asylum seekers and refugees in

1122-621: A target to grow gross production to 50,000 barrels (7,900 m ) of oil per day within four years. Oil revenue allocation has been the subject of much contention well before Nigeria gained its independence. Allocations have varied from as much as 50%, owing to the First Republic's high degree of regional autonomy, and as low as 10% during the military dictatorships. * State allocations are based on 5 criteria: equality (equal shares per state), population, social development, land mass, and revenue generation. **The derivation formula refers to

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1224-864: A volunteer with the Peace Corps in Awo-omamma, a four-day torrential downpour typifies the extreme of the rainy season in the town. Awo-Omamma is bounded in the North by Amiri, Imo State in Oru-East , and Mgbidi and Otulu Oru both in Oru-West . In the East it shares boundaries with Okwudor in Njaba LGA . In the West Awo-Omamma is bounded by Akabo, Oguta LGA , Awa, Oguta LGA , Abiaziem and Ngbele communities in Oguta LGA , and in

1326-580: Is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church . Members are often known as Holy Ghost Fathers or, in continental Europe and the Anglosphere , as Spiritans , and members use the postnominals CSSp . Claude Poullart des Places was born on 26 February 1679, in Rennes , the capital city of Brittany, France. He was the eldest child and only son of Francis des Places and Jeanne le Meneust. Claude

1428-635: Is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil . The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate . The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide . The principal cause

1530-499: Is about 2 hours drive from Port Harcourt International Airport Omagwa , 45 minutes from Sam Mbakwe Airport International Cargo Airport, about 2.5 hours from Anambra International Cargo and Passenger Airport, Umueri within greater Onitsha or Omambala and just about 3 hours from Asaba and Enugu International Airports respectively. It covers about 89.2 square kilometres, on the bank of Njaba River and lies in tropical rain forest, with hot and rainy seasons. According to Rich Piazza,

1632-406: Is also Kalabari Beach Fishermen Cooperative Society, Oguta ; and associated Osse Abiaziem and Osemotor Landing Sites. These farmers and residents experience economic constraints due to unreliable electricity and undeveloped inter-village and inter-town roads. These militate against efficient operation of their fish and crop farming activities in the villages. The United Nations Declaration on

1734-477: Is developing into an economic centre and a large Urban area. There are branches of some Nigerian financial institutions in the town including that of First Bank of Nigeria . Consolidated Breweries Plc, which became a subsidiary of the independent global brewer, Heineken in 2005, has one of its breweries in Awo-omamma. The Consolidated Breweries Plc emerged from the merger of Continental Breweries Limited and Eastern Breweries Limited in 1982. The plant's brands cover

1836-479: Is major oil spills by multinational corporations of the petroleum industry. The Niger Delta, as now defined officially by the Nigerian government, extends over 70,000 km (27,000 sq mi) and makes up 7.5% of Nigeria's land mass. Historically and cartographically, it consists of present-day Bayelsa , Delta , and Rivers States . In 2000, however, Obasanjo's regime included Abia , Akwa-Ibom , Cross River State , Edo , Imo and Ondo States in

1938-684: Is multi-faceted and extends beyond health problems. Fishing and agriculture are central to the livelihoods of many Niger Delta communities. Oil spills contaminate water sources and farmlands, severely affecting fish stocks and crops. This disruption can lead to food shortages and economic hardship for those dependent on these activities. Another facet of the people's livelihoods is their culture. The Niger Delta's people have strong spiritual and cultural ties to their environment. The harm inflicted on their land and waterways caused by oil spills deeply disrupts sacred sites and interferes with their cultural practices. The loss of these cultural elements contributes to

2040-800: Is set to boost development of Awo-Omamma, Njaba River basin, Imo and Nigeria . The President and Chief Executive Officer of the company, Jean Claude Gandur, said the new onshore Njaba 2 field was a further example of the company's commitment to development in Nigeria. Traditionally, the occupation of Awo-Omamma community is agriculture including fishing on Njaba River . And there is sand and gravel mining along Njaba River banks. Fishermen, fish landing sites and fisheries cooperative societies exist in many Imo State communities; some are found in villages of Awo-Omamma and its bordering communities. Among them are Udoka Fish Farmers Group, Umuezukwe Awo-omamma and their Ughamiri (Umuezukwe) Landing Site (river port). There

2142-407: Is some 25 kilometers from the largely hospitality Igbo city of Owerri and 62.5 kilometers from her commercial city of Onitsha . The community and indeed entire indigenous Igboland is connected and accessible internationally to Africa and indeed the entire world (or globe) by land, waters and air. There are a number of International Airports within the indigenous country. For example, Awo-omamma

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2244-492: Is the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd, a joint venture that is majority-owned by the Nigerian government. In Nigeria, "...despite regulations introduced 20 years ago to outlaw the practice, most associated gas is flared, causing local pollution and contributing to climate change." The environmental devastation associated with the industry and the lack of distribution of oil wealth have been

2346-633: The Democratic Republic of the Congo , by government troops during the Katanga secession rebellion. In Rome, on 24 April 1979, Pope John Paul II presided over the beatification ceremony for Jacques-Désiré Laval , the first member of the Spiritans to be so honoured. The Spiritans' goal is always to establish a viable local faith community with its own leadership, while incorporating the language and customs of

2448-751: The French Seminary at Rome , the colonial seminary at Paris, the colleges of Blackrock , Rockwell, and Rathmines in Ireland , St. Mary's College in Trinidad, the Holy Ghost College of Pittsburgh (now Duquesne University ), Pennsylvania, and the three colleges of Braga , Porto , and Lisbon in Portugal. By the early 20th century the congregation was organized into the following provinces : France, Ireland, Portugal, United States, and Germany. The whole society

2550-748: The Holy Ghost Fathers , also known as Spiritan Congregation of Roman Catholic priests opened their Philosophy campus (now known as Awo-Omamma Catholic Seminary) in the town.Awo-Omamma is predominantly Roman Chatholics, and a sizable percentage of the population are Anglicans, and CMS (Church Missionary Society of British). Some of the notable Roman Catholic parishes included: The Saint Patricks Isieke, Saint Basil's The Great Umuokwe, Christ The King, Sanit Johns, Saint Pauls, Saint Mary's, St Anthony's and St. Michael's Catholic Churchs. Among other Protestant churches are: The Saint Mary's Anglican Church Isieke, and Saint Augustine's Anglican Church Umuokwe. Awo-omamma

2652-645: The Holy See entrusted it with direct care of South American missions, in colonies such as French Guiana . Spiritans also sent missionaries to China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand (Siam), and India under the auspices of the Paris Foreign Missions Society . In 1779 the first Spiritan missionaries arrived in Senegal , Africa. Those in France served in various dioceses or alongside the de Montfort missionaries, due to

2754-596: The Ibo during the Biafra War , John C. O'Riordan , former Bishop of Kenema, Sierra Leone , Robert Ellison , current Bishop of Banjul, Gambia . Mauritian-born, Cardinal Maurice Piat CSSp, studied with the Irish province, in Kimmage. Spiritans in the 1840s dedicated themselves to working with newly freed slaves on the islands of Haiti , Mauritius and Réunion . The Spiritans created

2856-688: The Ijaw (including the Nembe-Brass, Ogbia, Kalabari people , Ibani of Opobo & Bonny, Abua, Okrika , Engenni and Andoni clans), the Ogoni people (Khana, Gokana, Tai and Eleme), the Etche, Egbema, Omuma, Ogba, Ikwerre, Ndoni, Ekpeye and Ndoki in Rivers State. Eastern Niger Delta consists of Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State. It has the homogeneous Annang , Efik and Ibibio people. Nigeria has become West Africa 's biggest producer of petroleum. Some 2 million barrels (320,000 m ) per day are extracted in

2958-551: The Ijaw people in the Kaiama Declaration in 1998, the Nigerian government sent troops to occupy the Bayelsa and Delta states. Soldiers opened fire with rifles, machine guns, and tear gas, killing at least three protesters and arresting twenty-five more. Since then, local indigenous activity against commercial oil refineries and pipelines in the region has increased in frequency and militancy. Recently foreign employees of Shell ,

3060-521: The Maasai , from 1955 to 1973. During this period, the Maasai Creed was composed, with support from the Spiritans as a culturally relevant creed . Father Van Kaam was notable for his work in psychology and spirituality. He also wrote a key work on Venerable Father Libermann, one of the Spiritans' founders. Father Koren was a historian of the Congregation and a philosopher. In other countries, such as Mexico,

3162-494: The anti-Catholic government in France was starting to close convents and monasteries. In 1903 they rented Prior Park , a mansion near Bath in Somerset as a refuge abroad. In 1907 Castlehead at Grange-over-Sands , Lancashire , opened as a junior seminary . Father John Rimmer from Widnes was the first British Spiritan, having joined in France in 1894. He was appointed as Superior of Castlehead and gradually under his leadership

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3264-475: The natural gas extracted in oil wells in the delta is immediately burned, or flared , into the air at a rate of approximately 70 million m per day. This is equivalent to 41% of African natural gas consumption and forms the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet. In 2003, about 99% of excess gas was flared in the Niger Delta, although this value has fallen to 11% in 2010. (See also gas flaring volumes ). The biggest gas flaring company

3366-468: The 1853 yellow fever epidemic in Savannah, Georgia , aged 52. In 1848, the Holy See requested Libermann to merge the relatively new Society of the Holy Heart of Mary with the older Congregation of the Holy Spirit, as they shared missions. Libermann was made first superior general of the united societies; he is credited with renewing the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, whose name became known as "... under

3468-630: The Catholic Church in England and Wales. Lay Spiritan involvement in the management of Revive ceased in 2009. As of 2022 the Revive Web site listed a Spiritan priest as manager. One former Lay Spiritan, Ann-Marie Fell, was the recipient of a Catholic Women of the Year award in 2010 for her work as a prison chaplain. The UK Spiritan Provincial Philip Marsh CSSp spent much of his time travelling and meeting with

3570-879: The Computer school in Kumasi , the Libermann Senior High School in Elubo , and the Spiritan University College in Ejisu are all examples of the Spiritan commitment to evangelization through education. Thirty-five Spiritans from Ghana are on mission outside their home country in fifteen different countries. The Irish Province covers the island of Ireland (the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland ). The first Spiritan house

3672-699: The Congregation transferred to the Old parish house and church in Carfin , where it continued as of 2022 . It was opposite the Carfin Grotto , a place of Catholic pilgrimage which had been established during the 1920s. After the Second Vatican Council the various missionary societies in England pooled their resources and started the Missionary Institute London (MIL) in 1969. As one of the founding members,

3774-515: The Eastern coast. The then Orie Bridge and Eke Beach Umuezukwe markets on the banks of the river aided trading between the community, its environs and other neighboring communities as far as Abonema . On 9 December 1968, Awo-omamma Community Hospital (ACH) then under the control of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was attacked from the air. In " Biafra : A People Betrayed", experience at

3876-600: The French and the British. One of the most famous Spiritans was Pierre Maillard , named "the Apostle of the Micmacs ". After arduous learning over eight years, he wrote the first Micmac grammar. Father Maillard tried to attenuate the savagery of brutal warfare (instigated at times by the French and the British). Many more missionaries, such as John Le Loutre , came but later had to flee with

3978-573: The French government over the placement and support of his personnel. Father Libermann and his associates retained the African mission; gradually they established new Christian communities on the continent. By 1913, nearly 700 missionaries had died while serving in Africa. Their work resulted in establishing the Diocese of Angola and the eight Vicariates of Senegambia , Sierra Leone , Gabon , Ubangi (or French Upper Congo), Loango (or French Lower Congo), on

4080-631: The Holy Ghost Fathers closed their center in Willesborough , moving their students to London and opened a community house in Aldenham Grange, near Watford , Hertfordshire . From the late 1980s there was a decision to concentrate on work with young people, in order to develop strong committed young catholic leaders. The "Just Youth" ministry was established in order to foster these aims. It provides chaplaincy facilities for several high schools in

4182-572: The Managing Director of the company, Mr. Nicolaas Vervelde, disclosed that the company invested N3bn in upgrading of facilities at its Awo-Omamma Brewery, less than a year after the merger with Consolidated Breweries. By end of Q4 of 2008, Addax Petroleum Corporation announced it was set to expand its Operations in Njaba River area through its new oil discovery in Awo-Omamma. The new discovery in

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4284-648: The Micmacs as the British conquered these areas. Maillard himself was captured in Louisbourg and deported to a Boston jail. In 1791, the British expelled the Spiritans, who were all from France, from Canada. But they continued their apostolate in the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon . In 1954, Spiritans from Ireland opened their first mission in English speaking Canada. See Heilig-Geist-Gymnasium The Spiritan mission in Ghana

4386-427: The National Convention of Nigerian Citizens, after western Cameroon decided to separate from Nigeria. The ruling party of eastern Nigeria did not seek to preclude the separation and even encouraged it. The then Eastern Region had the third, fourth and fifth largest indigenous ethnic groups in the country, which are the Igbo , Ibibio and Ijaw . In 1953, the Old Eastern region had a major crisis when professor Eyo Ita

4488-455: The Niger Delta against both, pipelines and oil-production facilities, and the Nigerian soldiers that protect them. Both MEND and the Nigerian Government claim to have inflicted heavy casualties on one another. In August 2009, the Nigerian government granted amnesty to the militants; many militants subsequently surrendered their weapons in exchange for a presidential pardon, rehabilitation programme, and education. Western Niger Delta consists of

4590-478: The Niger Delta, with an estimated 38 billion barrels of reserves. The first oil operations in the region began in the 1950s and were undertaken by multinational corporations, which provided Nigeria with necessary technological and financial resources to extract oil. Since 1975, the region has accounted for more than 75% of Nigeria's export earnings. Together oil and natural gas extraction comprise "97 per cent of Nigeria's foreign exchange revenues". More than 70% of

4692-512: The Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was adopted by the General Assembly on Thursday, 13 September 2007. Being an Igbo community, the indigenous people speak Awo-omamma dialect of the Igbo language and English Language . Awo-omamma people are rich in culture and cultural festivals some of which are Owu, Okorosha, Ekeleke, Egwu-Nmawu, and Agwuechi (Agwu nwoloko) masks as well as Ara Na Umu, Mgba (traditional wrestling), Udu and Igba dance, Nfijioku (Ahajioku), and Iri–Ji (New Yam) festivals. Follow

4794-468: The Salford Diocese and undertakes outreach work in schools throughout the north of England. Since early 2008 Just Youth has been based in Lower Kersal, Salford, at the former Catholic University Chaplaincy, now re-opened as the Spiritan Youth Centre. From the Salford community has also grown the group of Lay Spiritans. These are married or single Catholics inspired by the Spiritan way of life and wishing to share in it. They bring their professional skills to

4896-404: The Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks, more than 1300 different chemicals can be put into the environment as a result of oil and gas exploration. Then, humans come in contact with these harmful substances through eating contaminated food as well as breathing in the air pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are especially concerning because of their persistence in

4998-412: The Second World War. In 1940, 30 seminarians escaped from France aboard a Polish troopship. The refugees from France shared Castlehead for two years with the junior students. Then they moved to Sizergh Castle near Kendal and continued their studies for the priesthood. On average, four new priests were ordained every year and posted to missions in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and East Africa. When the war ended,

5100-410: The South by Eziama Obiato and Njaba River which runs through Oguta Lake and Orashi River on the other end into the sea. Ideally rather than flying, passengers using the road could travel from Abuja to Owerri through Okene and Onitsha . They can also travel from Lagos route to Owerri through Benin and Onitsha . In 1958, a health and community development project under Dr. Ben Nzeribe

5202-467: The Spiritans were invited by local Catholic bishops to minister to Catholics in remote areas where there were not enough diocesan priests to serve the growing numbers of faithful . As of 2022 the Congregation has had twenty-four superiors general since its foundation in 1703: The British Province covers Great Britain , but not Northern Ireland , although a part of the United Kingdom. The Spiritans came to Britain 200 years after their foundation when

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5304-494: The Two Guineas. But as he had only one priest and a catechist at his disposal, he went to France to recruit missioners. Libermann supplied him at once with seven priests and three coadjutor brothers. By 1844, five members of this first group had died, either in Africa or at sea. The first missionaries suffered high mortality from tropical diseases; all but one died within a few months. Discouraged, Barron returned to America, where he devoted himself to missionary work. He died during

5406-440: The West Coast of Africa, and had urged sending missioners to those regions. This appeal was renewed at the Council of Baltimore, and the assembled fathers commissioned Edward Barron to undertake missionary work at Cape Palmas . Barron went over the ground carefully for a few years, and then repaired to Rome to give an account of the work, and to receive further instructions. He was consecrated bishop and appointed Vicar-Apostolic of

5508-538: The West Coast, and Northern Madagascar , Zanzibar , Bagamoyo , on the East Coast. Prefectures were developed in Lower Nigeria , French Guinea , Lower Congo ( Landana ), and a mission at Bata in Spanish West Africa. Besides the missions in Africa, the Congregation of the Holy Spirit started missions in Mauritius , Réunion , and the Rodriguez Islands . In the Western Hemisphere, they had missions in Trinidad , Martinique , Guadeloupe , Haiti , and Amazonia . In addition, they conducted such educational institutions as

5610-442: The Western Niger was controlled by Kings of the four primary ethnic groups the Urhobo, Isoko, Ijaw, and, Itsekiri with whom the British government had to sign separate "Treaties of Protection" in their formation of "Protectorates" that later became southern Nigeria. Central Niger Delta consists of the central section of coastal South-South Nigeria which includes Bayelsa, Rivers, Abia and Imo States. The Central Niger Delta region has

5712-544: The area that has been contaminated by oil/gas pollution. This population is especially vulnerable to chronic illnesses because of their pre-existing low life expectancy and large ratio of young people. Additionally, a 2006 report done by the United Nations Development Programme says “The Niger Delta is a region suffering from administrative neglect, crumbling social infrastructure and services, high unemployment, social deprivation, abject poverty, filth and squalor, and endemic conflict,". These factors make it increasingly harder for

5814-431: The blowing up of oil installations. 05°19′34″N 06°28′15″E  /  5.32611°N 6.47083°E  / 5.32611; 6.47083 Holy Ghost Fathers The Congregation of the Holy Spirit (officially the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary ; Latin : Congregatio Sancti Spiritus sub tutela Immaculati Cordis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae )

5916-418: The close friendship between Poullart and Louis de Montfort . The Congregation had trained 1,300 priests in the years leading up to 1792, when the seminary was suppressed by the French Revolution . Some Spiritans sought refuge in England, Switzerland, and Italy. After the French Revolution , only one member, James Bertout, remained. He had survived miraculously, through a series of vicissitudes – shipwreck on

6018-529: The college du Saint Esprit, a French and English speaking college in Mauritius. Today, Mexican-born Spiritans outnumber Spiritan missionaries from other countries. Spiritans run a seminary program in Mexico. The Dutch congregation was founded by Albert Sebire in 1905. A number of Spiritans from the Netherlands have played a significant role for the order, including Frans Timmermans who served as Superior, Bishops Bernhard Gerhard Hilhorst and Herman Jan van Elswijk who served as Bishops of Morogoro in Tanzania, which

6120-408: The colonial Calabar division, and colonial Ogoja division. Rivers State was also created. Southeastern State and River State became two states for the minorities of the old eastern region, and the majority Igbo of the old eastern region had a state called East Central State. Southeastern State was renamed Cross River State and was later split into Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State. Rivers State

6222-965: The community hospital was mentioned. As of 11 August 1969, the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC) sent $ 50,000 for emergency relief and program expenses to Awo-Omamma for Biafrans . As highlighted in African Studies review at Cambridge, Biafran refugees and patients were also abandoned at Santana Primary School, Awo-omamma. Traditionally, villages and autonomous communities in Awo-omamma include Ubogwu (Ofekata I); Ubachima (Ofekata II); Okworji, Umubochi (Ofekata III); Umuezeali, Umueme (Ofekata IV); Umuokwe, Obibi, Ohuba (Eziawo I); and Isieke, Umuezukwe , Ubahaeze and Umuezike (Eziawo II). A proposal for creation of Eziawo 111 autonomous community, consisting of Umuezukwe and Umuezike communities, has been before Imo State House of Assembly. The following postcodes (ZIP codes) apply to respective autonomous communities of Awo-Omamma: 474111 (Eziawo 1), 474112 (Eziawo 11), 474113 (Ofekata 1), and 474114 (Ofekata 11). One of

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6324-452: The company's OML124 license area on the northeast edge of the Niger Delta contains undeveloped Njaba 2 well and other exploratory prospects onshore Nigeria . Oil exploration and production have been ongoing in Njaba River basin since early 1960s. Addax Petroleum , Shell and ChevronTexaco have been operating in OML 53 and OML 124 in neighbouring Izombe . The then Senate Committee Chairman on Gas Resources, Senator Osita Izunaso said by

6426-464: The creation of the COR state continued and was a major issue concerning the status of minorities in Nigeria during debates in Europe on Nigerian independence. As a result of this crisis, Professor Eyo Ita left the NCNC to form a new political party called the National Independence Party which was one of the five Nigerian political parties represented at the conferences on Nigerian Constitution and Independence. In 1961, another major crisis occurred when

6528-399: The delicate balance of the region's ecosystems. They impact both the environment and the livelihoods of the communities that depend on its resources. Two spills in 2008 and 2009 have been the largest and most harmful by far, collectively lasting for almost 150 days and causing flora death over a span of 393 km2. The extensive network of tidal rivers and mangrove swamps makes it even easier for

6630-452: The ecological damage. The exact impact of spills like these is hard to know due to the fact that traditional field studies are nearly impossible in this region. However, techniques such as the normalized difference vegetation index have been successful in measuring the impact of oil spills on the river's plant health. Additionally, independently collected field samples have confirmed the presence of hydrocarbon pollutants in high concentrations in

6732-602: The environment. Even in low amounts, prolonged exposure can cause serious health issues such as cancer and other chronic illnesses. In general, the harmful pollutants emitted from oil spills and other pollution include cancer, metabolic syndrome, miscarriages, stillbirths, and infertility. Less deadly, but still serious, health problems include headache, watery eyes, sore throat, respiratory problems, itchy skin, rashes on face and neck, sneezing, coughing, nausea, dizziness, chest pain, and diarrhea are common issues caused from oil spills. Collectively, more than 1 million people live in

6834-454: The external link below to view Rich Piazza's narrative on some of these cultural festivals and masks in Awo-Omamma. There are 2 famous oral accounts to origin of Awo-omamma; these are referred to as the "Nne-nasa" and "Oma" village groups theories. Awo-Omamma, through Njaba River , Oguta Lake , Orashi River to the Sea, was part of the trade route on the southeastern Nigeria coast, which was used for trade including Oil Palm exports to and from

6936-428: The founder's death, the Congregation of the Holy Spirit continued to progress. It became fully organized, and received the approbation of civil and ecclesiastical authorities. Formed in dedication to the Holy Spirit to minister to the poor and to provide chaplains in hospitals, prisons, and schools, the community soon developed a missionary role: some volunteered for service in the Far East and North America. In 1765

7038-449: The impacted areas. Oil and gas pollution/spills greatly increase the possibility of human exposure to dangerous chemicals. Many components of crude oil are particularly concerning due to their link to the health problems caused by exposure. This includes organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, as well as heavy metals such as lead, vanadium and cadmium. In fact, according to

7140-427: The inhabitants of the political Niger Delta, speaking about 250 different dialects. Language groups spoken in the Niger Delta include the Igbo languages , Ijaw languages , Ibibio-Efik languages , Urhobo language , Isoko language , Edoid languages . The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893 when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate. The core Niger Delta later became

7242-465: The lager, stout and malt categories and include "33" Export Lager Beer, Turbo King Dark Ale, Williams Dark Ale, Hi- Malt and Maltex Malt. The management of Nigerian Breweries (NB) Plc, another subsidiary of Heineken confirmed merger with Consolidated Breweries (CB) Plc with effect from 31 December 2014. During the commissioning of a block of six classrooms and a library built and donated by Nigerian Breweries Plc to Ubachima Primary School, Awo-Omamma,

7344-456: The local communities to deal with the negative effects caused by foreign oil exploration. The people affected by oil spills in the Niger Delta are diverse communities residing in the region. Their lives are intricately connected to the natural environment. These communities, often made up of indigenous groups, rely on the Niger Delta's resources for their food, water, livelihoods, and cultural practices. The impact of oil spills on these communities

7446-510: The notable personalities the town has produced is a climate advocate and the President of Sustainable Leadership Network - Morgan Orioha, born on 2 July 1981 in Umuezukwe , Oru East Local Government Area of Imo State .. He also naturalized in the UK in 2017. 5°39′23″N 6°56′4″E  /  5.65639°N 6.93444°E  / 5.65639; 6.93444 Niger Delta The Niger Delta

7548-590: The novitiate. In the early 1990s with elderly missionaries living longer and returning home, the Bickley community centre of Provincial administration was converted to a retirement home. The Administration moved to Northwood . As of 2022 the Provincial office was in Chester, and the Provincial residence in Salford. In 1956 the Holy Ghost Fathers set up a community at Uddingston on the outskirts of Glasgow , Scotland. In 1970

7650-435: The oil to spread quickly, and the delta becomes a sink, trapping the oil that is not removed. The spills came from a pipeline operated by Shell Petroleum Development Company. In addition to smaller spills that took place over the years 2006–2019, it is estimated that a total of 92,479,170 liters (or 24430412.139 gallons) of crude oil were released into the studied area. Since then, following spills have continued to exacerbate

7752-686: The people. Spiritans live in community and practice the evangelical counsels . The congregation's international headquarters is in Rome. The 2019 General Chapter was held in Tanzania . As of 2019, more than 2,800 Spiritans served in 62 countries on five continents. They are often associated with schools and chaplaincy, and missionary work. Some noted English-speaking Spiritans in the late 20th-century include Fathers Vincent J. Donovan, Adrian Van Kaam, and Henry J. Koren. Father Donovan (1926–2000) wrote Christianity Rediscovered . He worked in Tanzania , most notably among

7854-557: The percentage of the revenue oil-producing states retain from taxes on oil and other natural resources produced in the state. World Bank Report The documentary film Sweet Crude , which premiered April 2009 at the Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, tells the story of Nigeria's Niger Delta. The Niger Delta is a region of unparalleled ecological richness, characterized by its intricate network of waterways, lush mangrove forests, and diverse ecosystems. However,

7956-690: The population is estimated to be Catholic. Located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in West Africa, Ghana has a land mass of 238,535 km2, with 2,093 kilometres of international land borders. In Ghana, Spiritans are ministering in sixteen parishes in nine of the eighteen dioceses. Many of the parishes are in a situation of primary evangelization in rural and deprived areas. The Province gives attention to basic and primary education in all of its twelve parishes. The Spiritan Technical Vocational School in Ada Nkwame,

8058-458: The priesthood, Claude Poullart des Places wanted to form a religious institute for young men who had vocations to become priests but were too poor to do so. He became especially interested in such students, and supported them with his own funds and donations from friends. In 1707 Poullart was ordained a priest. His work grew rapidly; and the foundation developed. But Poullart developed pleurisy and died on 2 October 1709, at age thirty-one. After

8160-478: The primary corporation operating in the region, were taken hostage by local people. Such activities have also resulted in greater governmental intervention in the area and the mobilization of the Nigerian Army and State Security Service into the region, resulting in violence and human rights abuses. In April 2006, a bomb exploded near an oil refinery in the Niger Delta region, a warning against Chinese expansion in

8262-528: The protection of the Immaculate Heart of Mary", reflecting the merger. The new superior general first concentrated on strengthening service to the old French colonies. He developed bishoprics and provided for the supply of clergy through the Seminary of the Holy Ghost. His disciples worked largely in Africa. Libermann recruited and educated missionaries, both lay and clerical. He negotiated with Rome and with

8364-531: The region, despite all the oil wealth created. They also complained about environmental pollution and the destruction of their land and rivers by foreign oil companies. Ken Saro Wiwa and nine other oil activists from Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) were arrested and killed under Sani Abacha in 1995. When long-held concerns about loss of control over resources to the oil companies were voiced by

8466-707: The region. The Niger Delta and the South-South geopolitical zone (which contains six of the states in the Niger Delta) are two different entities. The Niger Delta separates the Bight of Benin from the Bight of Bonny within the larger Gulf of Guinea . Some 31 million people of more than 40 ethnic groups including the Igbo , Ijaw , Ibibio , Urhobo , Annang , Oron , Efik , Ogoni , Abua , Bini , Esan , Isoko , Kalabari , Okrika , Epie-Atissa people and Obolo people , are among

8568-619: The region. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) stated: "We wish to warn the Chinese government and its oil companies to steer well clear of the Niger Delta. The Chinese government, by investing in stolen crude, places its citizens in our line of fire." Government and private initiatives to develop the Niger Delta region have been introduced recently. These include the Niger Delta Development Commission,

8670-636: The restored society was threatened with extinction. The congregation's numbers in Europe declined sharply until 1802, when the Napoleonic government allowed the seminary to reopen. The congregation was asked to supply missionary priests for work in the French colonies in Africa, the West Indies, and the Indian subcontinent. In 1824, Rome approved the “Rules” of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit; prior to that it had been

8772-503: The school flourished and boys were put through their secondary studies before going to France for the novitiate and training for the missionary priesthood. The school was closed in 1978 due to declining vocations. In 1939, the Spiritans bought a property in Nottinghamshire to act as a senior seminary, but the house was requisitioned to provide a home for a school for partially sighted children who had been evacuated from Sussex during

8874-629: The senior students moved into Upton Hall near Newark . Later, as vocations declined, the seminary was sold and the students joined the Missionary Institute in London. In 1947, a house was acquired in Bickley , Kent , and used as headquarters for the English Province and a centre for late vocations. Ex-servicemen were applying to join and some needed help to complete their studies prior to going to

8976-456: The serene beauty of this landscape has been damaged by a persistent environmental menace, oil spills. Over the years, the Niger Delta has experienced a series of devastating oil spills, primarily caused by industrial activities related to the extraction and transportation of oil and gas. Due to this high amount of spills, the Niger Delta is considered one of the most polluted areas on Earth. These spills have inflicted severe and continuous damage on

9078-600: The source and/or key aggravating factors of numerous environmental movements and inter-ethnic conflicts in the region, including recent guerrilla activity by MEND. In September 2012 Eland Oil & Gas purchased a 45% interest in OML 40, with its partner Starcrest Energy Nigeria Limited, from the Shell Group. They intend to recommission the existing infrastructure and restart existing wells to re-commence production at an initial gross rate of 2,500 barrels (400 m ) of oil per day with

9180-457: The then-eastern region of Nigeria allowed present-day southwestern Cameroon to separate from Nigeria (from the region of what is now Akwa Ibom and Cross River states) through a plebiscite while the leadership of the Northern Region took the necessary steps to keep northwestern Cameroon in Nigeria, in present-day Adamawa and Taraba states. The aftermath of the 1961 plebiscite has led to

9282-560: The time Addax starts oil activity in their latest Njaba 2, the company could be producing about 15,000 to 20,000 barrels per day in Imo State . The Senator, during a visit at Izombe flow station also disclosed that establishment of an oil and gas laboratory in Owerri as well as further studies on the gas reserve in the Anambra Basin was covered in 2010 federal budget. The crude oil discovery

9384-673: The various communities and works of the Province, with a base in Whitefield , Bury, where the small Provincial Residence Community is located. In 1732 the first Spiritan missionaries arrived in North America under Father Louis Bouic, to work among the Miꞌkmaq and Acadians in French Canada . Unfortunately, the settlers and natives of this region were caught in the political and military clash between

9486-593: The various ministries. In 2001, two Lay Spiritans of the Salford community founded Revive, a voluntary social work agency committed to the long-term support of asylum seekers and refugees . This work, in conjunction with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford and the British Red Cross , involved the support of all asylum seekers, including the destitute whose asylum claims had been refused. Revive also had

9588-622: The way to his destined mission in French Guiana , enslavement by the Moors , and a sojourn in Senegal , where he had been sold to the English, who then ruled there. On his return to France, after peace was restored to the Church, he re-established the congregation and continued its work. But it was found impossible to recover adequately from the disastrous effects of the dispersion caused by the Revolution, and

9690-732: The western section of coastal South-South Nigeria which includes Delta, and the southernmost parts of Edo, and Ondo States. The western (or Northern) Niger Delta is a heterogeneous society with several ethnic groups including the Urhobo , Isoko , Ijaw (or Izon) and Ukwuani , Itsekiri the Bini , Esan , Auchi, Esako, oral, and Afenmai in Edo State; and the Ilaje Yoruba in Ondo State. Their livelihoods are primarily based on fishing and farming. History has it that

9792-608: Was established in Awo-omamma, his native home. Before the Biafran war , Dr Nzeribe and the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC) helped the community build themselves the famous Awo-omamma Community Hospital (ACH) a seventy-five-bed hospital. They also built two new schools, Awo-Omamma Community Grammar School which later became Awo-Omamma Education Project (AEP), which included a Grammar Department, School of Business Administration and Technical Department,

9894-580: Was expelled from office by the majority Igbo tribe of the Old Eastern region. Ita, an Efik man from Calabar , was one of the pioneer nationalists for Nigerian independence. The minorities in the region, the Ibibio , Annang , Efik , Ijaw and Ogoja , were situated along the southeastern coast and in the delta region and demanded a state of their own, the Calabar-Ogoja-Rivers (COR) state. The struggle for

9996-488: Was later divided into Rivers State and Bayelsa State. Niger Delta people suffered heavily with the great loss of lives and properties, hunger and starvation, and sustained many deaths during 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War , also known as the Biafran War, in which the eastern region declared an independent state named Biafra that was eventually defeated. During this period, schools were shut down completely, and gunfire became

10098-960: Was opened in 1859 by Jules Leman. The Spiritans run five schools in Ireland: Novitiates, Seminaries and Colleges Spiritans of the Irish Province and Spiritan Associates serve in some 20 countries including Ireland. They administer a number of parishes in west Dublin as well as one in the Diocese of Elphin. St. Mary's School, Nairobi , founded in the Parklands area of Nairobi in 1939 from Blackrock College in Dublin, Ireland. Notable Irish Spiritans include William Patrick Power , first head of Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, John Charles McQuaid , Archbishop of Dublin 1940–73, Denis Fahey , founder of Maria Duce , Aengus Finucane , who organised food shipments to

10200-410: Was started in 1971 by a group of Irish Spiritans who left Nigeria after the civil war. With more than forty years of Spiritan mission, the Province of Ghana continues to flourish with more than 100 members working both at home and abroad. Ghana is a democratic constitutional republic divided into ten administrative regions, with a multi-ethnic population of around 24 million as of 2010. Fourteen percent of

10302-617: Was tutored at home before being enrolled at the age of nine or ten as a day student in the nearby Jesuit College of St. Thomas, thus beginning his lifelong association with the Society of Jesus . Graduating at 16, Claude studied at the University of Caen, Normandy , before graduating at 22 with a Licentiate in Law from the Law School of Nantes. In 1701 Claude Poullart began his studies for the priesthood, as

10404-616: Was under the jurisdiction of the Cardinal Prefect of the Propaganda. Houses have been opened in England, Canada, Belgium, and the Netherlands, intended to develop into distinct provinces, so as to supply the colonies of these respective countries with an increase of missionaries. On 31 December 1961 twenty Spiritans: nineteen Belgians and one Dutch man, were killed in Kongolo , in what is now

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