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26-584: The communes of the arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, and their INSEE codes , are: The arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe was created in 1800. As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe were, as of January 2015: 50°07′N 3°56′E  /  50.12°N 3.93°E  / 50.12; 3.93 INSEE code The INSEE code ( / ɪ n s eɪ / in- SAY )

52-610: A person who works as a wage-earner but is not registered for miscellaneous reasons. The sex code can be changed if someone underwent gender reassignment . Under Vichy France , but only in Algeria (not in metropolitan France ) this s code was also used to register Jews, Algerian Muslims, foreigners , or ill-defined people. Thus, 3 or 4 was given to Muslim people of Algeria and of all colonies ; 5 or 6 for indigenous Jews; 7 or 8 for foreigners; 9 or 0 for miscellaneous and ill-defined status (people in none of these classes). The part llooo

78-432: A referendum. Three independence referendums have been held, in 2018 , 2020 and 2021. In the first two referendums, the "yes" vote was 43.3% and 46.7% respectively. In the third referendum of December 2021, massively boycotted by the native Kanak community , which represent 42% of the population, the "yes" vote was 3.5%, with a turnout of 43.9%. With 2,834,000 inhabitants in 2024, overseas France accounts for 4.1% of

104-542: Is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) to identify various entities, including communes and départements . They are also used as national identification numbers given to people. Although today this national identification number is used by social security in France and is present on each person's social security card ( carte Vitale ), it

130-456: Is composed of 13 digits + a two-digit key. Although the total number is of 15 digits, its composition makes it easy for individuals to remember at least the first seven digits (they just have to know their sex, year and month of birth, and department of birth). Their format is as follows: syymmlloookkk cc , where The "sex" codes ( s : 1 for male, 2 for female) can be given in special occasions for temporary registrations, such as for someone who

156-576: Is effective de jure by French law, but where the French exclusive claim on this part of Antarctica is frozen by the Antarctic Treaty (signed in 1959), overseas France covers a land area of 120,396 km (46,485 sq mi) and accounts for 18.0% of the French Republic's land territory. Its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 9,825,538 km (3,793,661 sq mi) accounts for 96.7% of

182-472: Is obtained by a mathematical method (dividing by 97 the number formed by the first 13 digits, taking the remainder from this division, and then the "complement to 97", that is the difference between 97 and this remainder): this gives the control key code. The NIR (National Identification Repertory) was created by René Carmille , who died at the Dachau concentration camp in 1944. Between April and August 1941, under

208-484: Is used together, referred to as the COG , which identifies the person's location of birth. They are also specific codes for people whose date or place of birth is unknown, although this is today more and more rare (for example, the birth code is greater than 20 if the month of birth is unknown, and the communal code is 990 if the commune of origin is unknown). For overseas departments , the department number has three digits, and

234-802: The French Parliament . 2,834,000 people lived in overseas France in January 2024. Most of these residents are citizens of France and citizens of the European Union . This makes them able to vote in French and European elections . Overseas regions have exactly the same status as France's mainland regions. The French Constitution provides that, in general, French laws and regulations (France's civil code, penal code, administrative law, social laws, tax laws, etc.) apply to French overseas regions just as in metropolitan France , but can be adapted as needed to suit

260-774: The French Senate , accounting for 6.0% of the 348 senators in the Senate: The territories used to be collectively represented in the European Parliament by the Overseas Territories of France constituency . Since the 2019 European elections , France decided to switch to a single constituency, putting an end to all regional constituencies, including the Overseas Territories constituency. The special territories of EU member states are not separately represented in

286-511: The Vichy regime , Carmille conducted the first general survey to prepare the secret mobilisation of a French army. The codification was then done by General Marie in Algeria, to obtain a census of Jews, Muslims and other categories. The aim was to create a file of the whole of the French population and to discriminate according to ethnic or statutory criteria, following the racial policies of Vichy. Thus,

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312-588: The Demographic Service absorbed the former General Statistics of France (SGF, created in 1833). The new organization was called the National Statistical Service ( Service national des statistiques , SNS). Each French person receives at birth a national identification number , the "numéro d'inscription au répertoire" (NIR or National Repertory registration), also called a "numéro de sécurité sociale" (or Social Security number). This INSEE number

338-629: The EEZ of the French Republic . Outside Europe, four broad classes of overseas French territorial administration currently exist: overseas departments/regions , overseas collectivities , the sui generis territory of New Caledonia , and uninhabited territories. From a legal and administrative standpoint, these four classes have varying legal status and levels of autonomy, although all permanently inhabited territories have representation in both France's National Assembly and Senate , which together make up

364-578: The French national government (such as defense, international relations, trade and currency, and judicial and administrative law). The overseas collectivities are governed by local elected assemblies and by the French Parliament and French Government , with a cabinet member, the Minister of the Overseas , in charge of issues related to the overseas territories. However, this process was subject to approval in

390-534: The NIR was 1 for a male European, 2 for a female European, 3 for a male Muslim, 4 for a female Muslim, 5 for a male Jew, 6 for a female Jew, 7 for a male foreigner, 8 for a female foreigner, while 9 and 0 were reserved for persons of undetermined racial status. The Demographic Service was created in 1940 in order to replace the military recruitment office prohibited by the June 1940 Armistice with Nazi Germany . On October 11, 1941,

416-403: The communal number two digits (since 1950). People born abroad have a departmental code of 99, and the communal code is replaced by the code of the country of birth, which has three digits. Before 1964, departmental codes from 91 to 96 were used for Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco . If in a specified month the total number of births exceeds 999, an extension common code is created. The last code

442-486: The communes but the location of the post office in charge for the distribution, and many rural communes share the same postal code number as the commune where the post office is located. There are also 5-digit INSEE codes for foreign countries and territories, beginning with 99. French overseas departments and territories Overseas France ( French : France d'outre-mer , also France ultramarine ) consists of 13 French territories outside Europe , mostly

468-529: The end of the list. The departmental codes are also best known as part of the French postal codes; but the postal codes do not include the INSEE commune numbers but were designed by geographical series starting by the main city of the department and then split geographically around them, with additional series given for special distribution. Some areas of the largest and most populated communes can also be assigned distinct series. The postal codes do not indicate precisely

494-497: The first digit that is now used to distinguish males and females then had other purposes: 3 or 4 for Algerian non-Jewish indigenous people, 5 or 6 for indigenous Jews, 7 or 8 for foreigners, and 9 or 0 for miscellaneous and ill-defined statutes. This discriminatory categorization used in Algeria was abolished in 1944 and has never been used in Metropolitan France where, throughout the war, only "1" and "2" (for male and female)

520-572: The last two digits of vehicle registration plates (75 is Paris , 13 Marseille , 31 Toulouse , etc.). However, this vehicle registration plate numbering system became optional in 2009 so the last two digits no longer necessarily indicate the department to which the car is registered. The commune codes were assigned initially by numbering the alphabetically ordered list of commune names within each department or overseas division. Exceptions have occurred over time because some communes were renamed, some communes were split and new communes have been added to

546-634: The population of the French Republic. They enjoy a corresponding representation in the two chambers of the French Parliament and, in the 16th legislature of the French Fifth Republic (2022–2027), overseas France is represented by 27 deputies in the French National Assembly , accounting for 4.7% of the 577 deputies in the National Assembly: Since September 2011, overseas France has been represented by 21 senators in

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572-485: The region's particular needs. Hence, the local administrations of French overseas regions cannot themselves pass new laws. The category of "overseas collectivity" ( French : collectivité d'outre-mer or COM ) was created by France's constitutional reform of 28 March 2003. Each overseas collectivity has its own statutory laws. In contrast to overseas departments/regions, the overseas collectivities are empowered to make their own laws, except in certain areas reserved to

598-465: The remnants of the French colonial empire that remained a part of the French state under various statuses after decolonisation . Most, but not all are part of the European Union . "Overseas France" is a collective name; while used in everyday life in France, it is not an administrative designation in its own right. Instead, the five overseas regions have exactly the same administrative status as

624-582: The thirteen metropolitan regions; the five overseas collectivities are semi-autonomous; and New Caledonia is an autonomous territory. Overseas France includes island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian Oceans , French Guiana on the South American continent, and several peri-Antarctic islands as well as a claim in Antarctica . Excluding the district of Adélie Land , where French sovereignty

650-575: Was originally created under Vichy France under the guise of the Registration Number to the National Directory of Identification of Physical People ( Numéro d'inscription au répertoire des personnes physiques , NIRPP or simply NIR). The latter was originally to be used as a clandestine military recruitment tool, but in the end served to identify Jews , gypsies , and other "undesirable" populations under Vichy's conceptions. The first digit of

676-939: Was used. The administration of the NIR was assigned in 1946 to the new Statistical Institute, the INSEE. This institution is also in charge of the RNIPP ( répertoire national d'identification des personnes physiques , National Repertory of Identification of Physical Persons), which contains for each individual: the NIR, last name , first name , sex, date and place of birth, and a reference of the Birth Registration ( Acte de naissance ). SIREN codes are given to businesses and nonprofit associations , SIRET codes to their establishments and facilities ( SIRENE database ). INSEE also gives numerical indexing codes (French: les Codes INSEE ) to various administrative entities in France: The departmental codes are well known since they were used as

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