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22-704: The Australian State Coach is an enclosed, six horse-drawn coach used by the British Royal Family . Constructed in 1986-88, it was the first royal state coach to have been built since 1902. It was presented to Queen Elizabeth II of Australia and the United Kingdom in Canberra on 8 May 1988, as the official gift on the occasion of the Australian Bicentennial , and was first used in November of that year by

44-463: A coach or carriage and its horses, their stabling, feeding and maintenance and the associated staff. He was also called a jarvey or jarvie , especially in Ireland . If he drove dangerously fast or recklessly he was a jehu (from Jehu , king of Israel , who was noted for his furious attacks in a chariot (2 Kings 9:20), or a Phaeton (from Greek Phaethon , son of Helios , who attempted to drive

66-498: A main shaft called the perch or reach . A crossbar known as a splinter bar supported the springs. In 1772, Robert Norris described the use of two coaches in Dahomey during a ceremonial procession. They were drawn by 12 men instead of horses probably as a result of the small number of horses in Dahomey. In the 19th century the name coach was used for U.S. railway carriages , and in

88-484: A raised seat in front of the carriage to allow better vision. It is often called a box , box seat, or coach box . There are many types of coaches depending on the vehicle's purpose. In the early 14th century England, coaches would still have been extremely rare. It is unlikely there were more than a dozen, and even then they were very costly until the end of the century. These coaches would have had four six-spoke, six-foot high wheels that were linked by greased axles under

110-506: Is a turnout . The bodies of early coaches were hung on leather straps. In the eighteenth century steel springs were also used in suspension systems. An advertisement in the Edinburgh Courant for 1754 reads: The Edinburgh stage-coach, for the better accommodation of passengers, will be altered to a new genteel two-end glass coach-machine, hung on steel springs, exceedingly light and easy... Strap suspensions persisted, however;

132-532: Is therefore regularly used for state and ceremonial occasions. The Australian State Coach was used to convey King Charles and Queen Camilla together with parents of Catherine, Princess of Wales, Michael and Carole Middleton , from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace following the wedding of William, Prince of Wales and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011. On 5 June 2012, the Australian State Coach was, in case of rain, to be an alternative for

154-421: The coronation of King Charles III . This article related to British royalty is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Coach (carriage) A coach is a large, closed, four-wheeled, passenger-carrying vehicle or carriage usually drawn by two or more horses controlled by a coachman , a postilion , or both. A coach has doors in its sides and a front and a back seat inside. The driver has

176-428: The 19th century American Concord coaches used leather straps exactly as the first Berline from 1660 did. A coach might have a built-in compartment called a boot , used originally as a seat for the coachman and later for storage. A luggage case for the top of a coach was called an imperial ; the top, roof or second-story compartment of a coach was also known as an imperial. The front and rear axles were connected by

198-613: The 20th century to motor coaches . See John Taylor (poet) for a very adverse opinion of the arrival of horse drawn coaches in England. There are a number of coach types, including but not limited to: Coach-building had reached a high degree of specialization in Britain by the middle of the 19th century. Separate branches of the trade dealt with the timber, iron, leather, brass and other materials used. And there were many minor specialists within each of these categories. The “body-makers” produced

220-496: The Burgundian Netherlands, in the 16th century, and who promoted the comfortable, spring-suspended wagons among the wealthy European nobility. A 16th-century German depiction of a kocsi without springs puts this theory in doubt, however, and it is uncertain whether the springs or some other feature were responsible for the spread of the word throughout Europe. The Thurn-und-Taxis-Post , the imperial post service, employed

242-706: The English word coach , the Spanish and Portuguese coche , the German Kutsche , the Slovak koč , Czech kočár , and Slovene kočija all probably derive from the Hungarian word "Kocsi", literally meaning "of Kocs". One source says that in, “1564, Boonen, a Dutchman, became the Queen’s coachman, and was the first that brought the use of coaches into England.” Another source says it

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264-734: The Queen at the State Opening of Parliament in the UK. This state coach was a gift from the Australian people and was designed and built by the coach builder W. J. Frecklington (who subsequently built the Diamond Jubilee State Coach for Queen Elizabeth II as a private initiative). Apart from the Waterford crystal surrounding the lamps and the blue silk brocaded upholstery (which was provided by

286-550: The Royal Household), the coach was entirely constructed using best-quality Australian materials. The Australian State Coach is usually kept at the Royal Mews , where it can be viewed by the public. The Australian State Coach was often used to convey Queen Elizabeth II to and from the State Opening of Parliament . As one of the most modern of the royal coaches it is fitted with electric windows, heating and hydraulic stabilisers; it

308-493: The body of the coach and they had no suspension. The chassis was made from oak beams and the barrel shaped roof was covered in brightly painted leather or cloth. The interior would include seats, beds, cushions, tapestries and even rugs. They would be pulled by four to five horses. Kocs was the Hungarian post town in the 15th century onwards, which gave its name to a fast light vehicle, which later spread across Europe. Therefore,

330-433: The body or vehicle itself, while the “carriage-makers” made the stronger timbers beneath and around the body. The timbers used included ash , beech , elm , oak , mahogany , pine , birch and larch . The tools and processes were similar to those used in cabinet-making , plus others specific to coach-making. Making the curved woodwork alone called for considerable skill. Making the iron axels, springs and other metal used

352-402: The chariot of the sun but managed to set the earth on fire). A postilion or postillion sometimes rode as a guide on the near horse of a pair or of one of the pairs attached to a coach, especially when there was no coachman. A guard on a horse-drawn coach was called a shooter . Traveling by coach, or pleasure driving in a coach, as in a tally-ho , was called coaching. In driving a coach,

374-449: The coachman used a coachwhip , usually provided with a long lash. Experienced coachmen never used the lash on their horses. They used the whip to flick the ear of the leader to give them the office to move on, or cracked it next to their heads to request increased speed. A coach horse or coacher bred for drawing a coach is typically heavier than a saddle horse and exhibits good style and action. Breeds have included: Kocs During

396-454: The first horse-drawn mail coaches in Europe since Roman times in 1650 –, as they started in the town of Kocs the use of these mail coaches gave rise to the term "coach". In contemporary colloquial Hungarian the word "kocsi" is most often used to mean "car". The coat of arms of the town, in addition to displaying a ram and the Árpád stripes , also depicts an early model cart or wagon that refers to

418-688: The procession from Westminster Hall to Buckingham Palace for Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee . However, it was decided that the weather was fit enough for the open-top 1902 State Landau to be used to carry the Queen, the Prince of Wales (later King Charles III) and the Duchess of Cornwall (later Queen Camilla). On 6 May 2023, the Australian State Coach was used to transport William, Prince of Wales , Catherine, Princess of Wales and their children Prince George , Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis of Wales from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace following

440-495: The reign of King Matthias Corvinus in the 1400s, the wheelwrights of Kocs began to build a cart with steel-spring suspension. This " cart of Kocs " as the Hungarians called it ( kocsi szekér ) soon became popular all over Europe. The spread of the kocsi szekér has been linked by some theories personally to the king of Hungary Ferdinand I , the younger brother of Charles V who became the king of Spain, Emperor of Germany, and lord of

462-409: Was not until 1580, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I , that coaches were introduced to England from France by Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel . These were designed to be pulled by a pair of horses. In 1619 George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham introduced the coach drawn by six horses. A coach with four horses is a coach-and-four . A coach together with the horses, harness and attendants

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484-475: Was the work of the “coach-smith,” one of the most highly paid classes of workmen in London. Lining the interior of the coach with leather and painting, trimming, and decorating the exterior required the work of specialist tradesmen. Building carts and wagons involved similar skills, but of a coarser kind. The business of a coachman, like the pilot of an aircraft, was to expertly direct and take all responsibility for

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