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25-558: The journal publishes editorials, original research, guideline summaries, narrative reviews, perspectives, medical education, reflections, and letters. The full text of every issue since January 2002 is available online. The journal was established in 1856, when communication between Australian states and other English-speaking nations entailed long delays. The journal was both a platform for Australian medical research, as well as educational reviews summarising research done overseas. It has since been renamed several times: The current editor of

50-475: A hybrid model in January 2019: Authors can either pay an article processing fee to publish fully open access ( gold open access ) or archive the submitted version of their article in online repositories ( green open access ). In order to demonstrate commitment to Australian Indigenous health and health awareness, the journal makes all Indigenous health articles free to access without charging authors. MJA InSight+

75-643: A United States federal court decision resulted in the release of approximately 1500 documents detailing how articles highlighting specific marketing messages written by unattributed writers, but "authored" by academics, are strategically placed in the medical literature – a practice known as ghostwriting . To release these documents, PLOS Medicine , represented by the public interest law firm Public Justice, and The New York Times , acted as "intervenors" in litigation against menopausal hormone manufacturers by women who developed breast cancer while taking hormones. PLOS Medicine argued that sealed documents identified during

100-813: A chair of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for two terms (2012–2015; 2015–2017). She serves as the director of the Australasian open access strategy group (2015–present), and works as a part-time professor between the Office of Research Ethics & Integrity and the Division of Technology, Information and Learning Services, at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane , Australia . Barbour has published over 100 peer reviewed publications, generating over 14,000 citations and has an h-index of 20. She has played

125-532: A leading medical journal rejected this paper because of ethical concerns around how the trial was conducted before PLOS Medicine accepted it. The trial was stopped early by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board who advised the investigators to interrupt the trial and offer circumcision to the control group. The trial estimated that male circumcision protected 60% (95% CI: 32%–76%) for female-to-male HIV transmission. The results of this trial along with two others led to

150-422: A role in developing several reporting guidelines and open-access initiatives, including Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Healthcare Information For All (HIFA) and Evidence AID . PLOS Medicine PLOS Medicine (formerly styled PLoS Medicine ) is a peer-reviewed weekly medical journal covering

175-521: A short comment and a longer analysis. Ioannidis has answered this critique. A profile of Ioannidis' work including a discussion of his 2005 paper appeared in the November 2010 issue of The Atlantic . The first randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of male circumcision on female to male HIV transmission was published in 2005 by Bertran Auvert and colleagues in PLOS Medicine . The Lancet

200-641: Is a newsletter for medical professionals produced by the MJA. Articles are primarily written by in-house journalists and doctors. It has the largest medical-newsletter subscription membership in Australia. MJA InSight is published by the Australasian Medical Publishing Company, the publishers of the MJA . The newsletter informs clinicians of key developments and research in medicine and health. The journal

225-621: Is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal had a 2022 impact factor of 11.4, ranking it 17th out of 167 in the category "General and Internal Medicine". Virginia Barbour Virginia M. Barbour is a professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane , Australia , and serves as the Director of the Australasian Open Access Strategy Group. She

250-484: Is best known for being one of the three founding editors of PLOS Medicine , and her various roles in championing the open access movement. Barbour pursued a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB BChir) degree and Master of Arts (MA) degree at the University of Cambridge . This was followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in molecular medicine at the University of Oxford where her research investigated

275-699: The World Health Organization (WHO) assessing the evidence for male circumcision to prevent HIV transmission. The WHO and UNAIDS subsequently issued recommendations concerning male circumcision and HIV/AIDS including suggestions for government strategic plans, advocacy challenges and exploring the role of new technologies for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) such as Prepex and other medical devices. Several Ministries of Health along with key stakeholders have committed to scaling up VMMC for HIV prevention in Southern and Eastern Africa. In July 2009,

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300-528: The MJA - appointed in 2023 - is Virginia Barbour . In 2015, then editor-in-chief Stephen Leeder was suddenly removed after criticising the decision to outsource production of the journal to the global publishing giant Elsevier . Leeder's concerns revolved around an incident in 2009 when Elsevier accepted payments from pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. to publish journals such as the Australasian Journal of Bone & Joint Medicine , which had

325-457: The appearance of peer-reviewed academic works but were in fact promoting Merck. Following the decision to sack Leeder, all but one of the journal's editorial advisory committee resigned and wrote to Australian Medical Association president Brian Owler asking him to review the decision. Nicholas Talley succeeded Stephen Leeder as editor-in-chief in September 2015 and the editorial advisory group

350-482: The category "Medicine, General & Internal". In 2005 PLOS Medicine published an essay by John P. A. Ioannidis entitled " Why Most Published Research Findings Are False ". The essay used a simulation approach to demonstrate that for most study designs and settings it is more likely for a research claim to be false than true due to inherent biases in the way that modern science is conducted. This paper has met much approval, though Goodman and Greenland criticized it in

375-557: The control of alpha globin genes and was awarded in 1997. Following her education and training, Barbour served as an executive editor at The Lancet between 1994 and 2004. Barbour was one of the three founding editors of PLOS Medicine (2004–2013), and later served as the PLOS Medicine Editorial Director (2012–2014), and the PLOS Medicine and Biology Editorial Director (2014–2015). Barbour has also served as

400-483: The discovery process for the court case, which demonstrated the practice of ghostwriting, should be made available to the public. The documents were initially made publicly available on the PLOS Medicine website but they are now available as part of the Drug Industry Documents Archive at the University of California, San Francisco . In 2010 PLOS Medicine published the first academic analysis of

425-435: The documents by Adriane Fugh-Berman. Her article revealed that the pharmaceutical company Wyeth used ghostwritten articles to mitigate the perceived risks of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone therapy (HT), to defend the unsupported cardiovascular "benefits" of HT, and to promote off-label, unproven uses of HT such as the prevention of dementia , Parkinson's disease , vision problems, and wrinkles. The article

450-532: The full spectrum of the medical sciences . It began operation on October 19, 2004, as the second journal of the Public Library of Science (PLOS), a non-profit open access publisher . All content in PLOS Medicine is published under the Creative Commons "by-attribution" license . To fund the journal, the publication's business model requires in most cases that authors pay publication fees . The journal

475-497: The greatest toll on health globally. In 2009 the journal reaffirmed its scope and noted that it would use an evidence-based approach to give highest priority to studies on diseases and risk factors that cause the greatest burden worldwide. From the outset the journal noted that it would not be part of "the cycle of dependency that has formed between journals and the pharmaceutical industry". The journal does not publish advertisements for pharmaceutical products or medical devices and

500-537: The journal's open-access license means that it cannot benefit from exclusive reprint sales. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus / MEDLINE / PubMed , the Science Citation Index Expanded , Current Contents /Clinical Medicine, and BIOSIS Previews . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal had a 2014 impact factor of 14.429, ranking it 7th out of 153 journals in

525-628: The need for access to all clinical trial data held by pharmaceutical companies and regulators, and detailed reasons given by Roche for not sharing data on Tamiflu. In a commissioned perspective article published in the same issue of PLOS Medicine , regulators from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and other national regulatory bodies outlined a shift in their stance on access to clinical trial data but also highlighted challenges that would need to be overcome. The regulators noted, "[w]e consider it neither desirable nor realistic to maintain

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550-492: The status quo of limited availability of regulatory trials data" and concluded, "[w]e welcome debate on these issues, and remain confident that satisfactory solutions can be found to make complete trial data available in a way that will be in the best interest of public health". The article marked a move towards the proactive disclosure of clinical trial data and led to the EMA holding a workshop to establish how this could be done. At

575-436: Was published online and in a printed format until 2005 and is now only published online. The journal's acting chief editor is Clare Stone, who replaced the previous chief editor, Larry Peiperl, in 2018. The journal's initial aim was to provide an open-access alternative to existing top-tier journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet and has concentrated on publishing papers on diseases that take

600-433: Was subsequently covered by The Guardian . In April 2012 PLOS Medicine published an article by three researchers who were involved in ongoing updates of a Cochrane Collaboration review of neuraminidase inhibitors for treating influenza , describing their experience of trying to gain access to clinical study reports for the antiviral Tamiflu ( oseltamivir ) from the drug's manufacturer Roche . The article outlined

625-407: Was subsequently reconstituted. From January 2019, the journal is published by Wiley . Print distribution remains with the Australasian Medical Publishing Company and editorial direction and decisions remain with the journal. Having previously published under a subscription model, the journal changed in January 2012 to make all of its research articles free to read online . The journal converted to

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