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28-604: The name L'Artibonite is derived from the Artibonite River , the longest river on Hispaniola . L'Artibonite is derived from the Taino ja'tibonicu meaning "Great High Place of the Sacred Waters ." Under Toussaint's administration of the island, the department was known as Toussaint's Department. During that period the actual department seats between the three casicas of Marien, Maguana, and Xaragua. The border between those chiefdoms

56-734: Is 27,560 square kilometres (10,641 sq mi), of which 27,560 square kilometres (10,641 sq mi) is land and 190 square kilometres (73 sq mi) is water. Haiti has 1,771 km (1,100 mi) of coastline and a 360 kilometres (224 mi)-border with the Dominican Republic. The climate is tropical with some variation depending on altitude. Port-au-Prince ranges in January from an average minimum of 23 °C (73.4 °F) to an average maximum of 31 °C (87.8 °F); in July, from 25–35 °C (77–95 °F). The rainfall pattern

84-512: Is assumed to be the Artibonite River . Although the department's capital Gonayibo is believed to have been part of the Xaragua chiefdom. Haitian traditional stories talk about the Taino Queen leaving annually followed by her nitaino her main city of Yaguana to go to Gonayibo and thus is the origin of Haitian Rara traditions . Some Taino settlements in the departments are Gonaibo , Amani-y ,

112-556: Is bordered to the north by North and North-West , on the west the Gulf of Gonave , the south West and the east and Centre . A core geographic feature of this department is the Artibonite River , which runs through the southern half of the department, allowing for rice cultivation in the Artibonite Valley . The department has two mountain ranges running from NW to SE. On the North shore of

140-622: Is derived from the Taíno name of the river, Hatibonico . The source of the Artibonite is to the northeast of Río Limpio , in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic . The mouth of the Artibonite is in Haiti, south of La Grand Saline . It flows into the Gulf of Gonâve . The river is the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti for several kilometres , from the town of Pedro Santana to

168-407: Is known as Haiti's food basket. Until the 1980's Haiti was able to be self-sufficient. Many families have farm animals such as pigs, goats, beef, chicken, and more. Gonaives is a point of interest for mining notably in the disaffected mines of Sedren . Grande-Saline and Anse-Rouge are known for their Haitian Sea Salt production. Haiti's biggest electrical dam is also used to control the flow of

196-454: Is navigable by small rafts called kannòt and even jet skies The department has no international airport although Gonaives has a small airway. Population health in Haiti has suffered from political instability and natural disasters. The Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti is located in Deschapelles, Haiti. Established in 1956, it has grown to provide health care in the hospital and clinics to

224-676: Is the longest river in Haiti , and the longest on the island of Hispaniola . It is also the second-longest river in the Caribbean , behind the Cauto River in Cuba . Forming part of the international border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the river's sources are in the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic (68 km); however, most of its length lies in Haiti (253 km). The name

252-768: Is the second most populated department in Haiti. After the 2010 Earthquake, many families left the West for Artibonite. The department can better be subdivided into 3 distinct regions: It is also a hub in Haitian machete fencing, cuisine with diri a lalo and has multiple colonial forts. The Department of Artibonite is subdivided into five arrondissements , which are further subdivided into sixteen communes . 19°27′00″N 72°41′00″W  /  19.45°N 72.6833°W  / 19.45; -72.6833 Artibonite River The Artibonite River ( French : Fleuve Artibonite ; Spanish : Río Artibonito ; Haitian Creole : Latibonit )

280-537: Is varied, with rain heavier in some of the lowlands and on the northern and eastern slopes of the mountains. Port-au-Prince receives an average annual rainfall of 1,370 mm (53.9 in). There are two rainy seasons, April–June and October–November. Haiti is subject to periodic droughts and floods, made more severe by deforestation . Atlantic hurricanes are also a menace. For example, Hurricane Matthew caused large amounts of damage when it hit Haiti in 2016. Haiti's terrain varies, with more than three fourths of

308-603: The Artibonite region with a budget of $ 6 million in 2015. In addition to founder Dr. Larry Mellon, notable figures in its history include Dr Harold May, Founder and President of FAMILY, Inc. (Fathers and Mothers, Infants, eLders, and Youth). In the Verrettes commune, FAMILY seeks to promote sustainable development. In addition, U. S. Tuskegee University has partnered with FAMILY to establish the FAMILY Tuskegee Institute of Haiti to develop academic and vocational training in

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336-709: The Artibonite. The main road through the Department is the RN1 connecting Okap to Pòtoprens , passing through Gonayiv and Sen-Mak . This road often causes congestion in Sen-Mak since it goes through the city. The RN5 connects Gonayiv to Gwomòn . The RD103 and RD304 connect Gonayiv to Ench and the Haitian-Dominican border. The RD101 and RD301 connect Sen-Mak to Mibalè and the Haitian-Dominican border. Both St-Marc and Gonaives are port towns harboring ships. The Artibonite river

364-709: The Colonial Assembly. At the beginning of the Revolution , St-Marc was burned by Dessalines and Gonaives by Vernet under the order of Toussaint in response to Napoléon 's tyrannic behaviors. Later on, Toussaint defeated the French troops at the Bataille-de-la-Ravine-à-Couleuvre near the town of Gonaives. In Gonaives the French captured Toussaint and he was later sent to France and died. In April 1802 during

392-459: The Dominican Republic, and the Rivière de Fer à Cheval in Haiti. Deforestation and pollution has negatively affected the quality and amount of water in the Artibonite in the Dominican Republic, and even more so in Haiti . Very little fish remain in the river. American crocodiles ( Crocodylus acutus ) once inhabited the Artibonite and other rivers of Hispaniola, but now they are found only in

420-549: The Haitian headwaters of the river, locals were alerted that drinking untreated water from this river may spread the disease. Geography of Haiti The Republic of Haiti comprises the western three-eighths of the island of Hispaniola , west of the Dominican Republic . Haiti is positioned east of the neighboring island of Cuba , between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean . Haiti's total area

448-659: The Indigenous Army are signatories of the Haitian Declaration of Independence . Gonayiv is the first city to be gained from the french troops by the Indigenous Army, and Gabart freed St-Marc on September 4, 1803. On January 1, 1804, the city of Gonaives hold the first Haitian political conference and witness the Declaration of Independence under the eyes of Dessalines, Henry, Pétion, Geffrard, Boirond Tonnerre, some British troops and many more. The town of Dessalines became

476-461: The US, destroying the local economy. Nonetheless, the economic potentials are multiple and over multiple industries. From St-Marc to Montrouis the coastal area is known for its breathtaking beaches and potential for resort tourism. Some of the most notable beaches are Amani-y, Grosse-Roche, Decameron, Moulin-sur-Mer and more. Cultural tourism focusing on Haitian history, forts, and Vodoun . The Valley

504-527: The Valley is Black Mountain and on the south shore is Mattheux Mountain. The Bay of Gonaives is one of the best-protected bays in the country. The Bay of St-Marc is the biggest U-shaped bay in the country. The department doesn't have any major fault line through it. One of Haiti's biggest mangrove forests, harboring flamingos and other rare species, is located south of Gonaives. There are also sand dunes in that area. There are many lagoons and rivers that run through

532-472: The Valley. The largest lake in Artibonite is Bois-Neuf Lake south of St-Marc. The department has been in a state of economic decline since insurgencies and coups have reduced the nation's stability. Since the election of President René Garcia Préval , the production of rice and other crops has been increasing. The biggest economical catastrophe in the department is the Clinton induce low-tariffs on rice coming from

560-660: The areas of forestry, agriculture and health care. Trow other major hospitals are St-Nicolas in St-Marc and The Providence in Gonaives. Several noteworthy events of the Haitian Revolution took place in the Artibonite Department. Other facts: The 2015 population of Artibonite was estimated at 1,727,524 (2015), with 739,787 (43%) residing in urban areas and (57%) residing in rural areas. Due to its importance, Artibonite

588-522: The caves of Dondon and archeological places have been found in the Cote-des-Arcadins area. Under the French administration the towns of St-Marc, L'Éstère . Mirebalais and Petite-Rivières-de-l'Artibonite were important French settlements with multiple plantations in the Valley . During that period the town of St-Marc was under the control of the colonialists and was the seat of Assemblée Colonial or

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616-501: The large lakes of the island ( Lago Enriquillo and Etang Saumâtre ). The water of the river is used for irrigation in Haiti, but not in the Dominican Republic, because it flows here through high mountains. The river is used for irrigation , and the Peligre Hydroelectric Dam situated on it produces Haiti's supply of hydroelectricity. In October 2010, following a fatal cholera outbreak (the first in generations) in

644-553: The point where it is joined by the River Macasía, and then turns west into Haiti. Its watershed has an area of 9,013 km (2,614 km in the Dominican Republic, 6,399 km in Haiti). Its discharge is 16.6 cubic metres per second at Pedro Santana . The Artibonite has several tributaries, most of them in Haiti. The most important tributaries are the Libón and Macasía in

672-561: The second largest lake of the island of Hispaniola and the West Indies , is Lake Azuei . It is located in the Cul-de-Sac Depression with an area of 170 km . It is a saline lake with a higher concentration of salt than the sea water and harbors numerous fauna such as American crocodiles and American flamingos . Lake Péligre is an artificial lake created by the construction of the Peligre Hydroelectric Dam . Trou Caïman

700-445: The siege of Crête-à-Pierrot that lasted almost one month, the indigenous troops offer the French generals the greatest resistance. During that battle, Dessalines threatened to set fire to the gunpowder reserve in case the French would enter the fort. The Haitian hero Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière surprised the French troops with her courageous behavior. Gabart commander of St-Marc, Vernet commander of Gonaives, and Dessalines commander of

728-526: The territory above 700 feet (210 m). Its climate is predominantly tropical , with some smaller areas of semi-arid , subtropical , and oceanic climate . Fertile valleys are interspersed between the mountain ranges forming vast areas of contrast between elevations in many areas throughout the territory. Haiti (and Hispaniola) are separated from Cuba by way of the Windward Passage , a 45  nmi (83 km; 52 mi) wide strait that passes between

756-505: The two countries. Haiti's lowest elevation is reported by one source to be sea level (the Caribbean Sea ), by another source to be below sea level (Gheskio clinic, Port-au-Prince or in Gonaïves , <-1m ), while its highest point is Pic la Selle at 2,680 m (8,793 ft). Numerous smaller islands make up a part of Haiti's total territory. The most notable islands are: Haiti also has several lakes. The largest lake in Haiti, and

784-467: The world's first black capital and the seat of the Haitian Empire . Many times, the Department has dissociated itself from Port-au-Prince and the West many times notably under the leadership of Henry Christophe , Nissage Saget , receiving Fabre Geffrard against Faustin . In the contemporary period, Gonaives rose furiously in 1986 and 2004 overthrowing both Duvalier and Aristide . The department

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