The Cadusii (also called Cadusians ; Ancient Greek : Καδούσιοι , Kadoúsioi ; Latin : Cadusii ) were an ancient Iranian tribe that lived in the mountains between Media and the shore of the Caspian Sea , an area bordering that of the Anariacae and Albani. The Dareitai and Pantimati people may have been part of the Cadusii.
8-575: Artagerses - the leader of the Cadusii , the military leader of the Persian king Artaxerxes II . Artagerses according to Plutarch , was the leader of the Cadusii in the fight against the usurper Cyrus . Perhaps in writing " Arta-garša " his name means " one who practices justice, order, truth ". According to the testimony of ancient authors, Artagerses was one of the commanders in the army of Artaxerxes II during
16-484: The battle of Cunaxa , which took place in 401 BC, when the king's younger brother Cyrus the Younger claimed the Persian throne. The leader of the cadusii , Artagerses, brought with him a detachment of horsemen from Elam. According to Xenophon , Artagerses' horsemen lined up in front of Artaxerxes himself before the battle began. As Plutarch points out, Artagerses entered into an equestrian duel with Cyrus , during which he
24-516: The 350s BC, during the reign of Artaxerxes III ( r. 358–338 BC ), another Achaemenid expedition was made against the Cadusii. During a battle, Artashata (later known as Darius III ) distinguished himself by slaying a warrior in single combat. His exploit was noticed by Artaxerxes III, who sent him gifts and gave him the satrapy of Armenia. Some historians report that the Cadusian contingent fought together with Medes and other Northerners in
32-725: The Achaemenid forces at the Battle of Gaugamela against the Macedonians . Other historians, however, describe a different ethnic composition of the army. According to the Iranologist Richard N. Frye , the Cadusii may be the ancestors of the Talysh people . Local Talysh experts commonly claim that the Talyshis are descended from the Cadusii. According to Garnik Asatrian and Habib Borjian , "this
40-402: The rebellion of Cyrus the Younger . Around 380 BC, king Artaxerxes II ( r. 405/4 – 359/8 BC ) led an expedition against the Cadusii, which in the words of German Iranologist Rüdiger Schmitt "was a complete fiasco". The Achaemenid forces only managed to retreat through the diplomatic efforts by the satrap Tiribazus . Artaxerxes II himself was forced to march on foot. In
48-538: The satrapy of Media, and perhaps occasionally that of Hyrcania . Although they fought on side of the Achaemenids under a certain Artagerses at the Battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC, the Cadusii appear to have had ongoing conflicts with the Achaemenid central administration. They led numerous revolts, including one that began around 405 BC, near the end of Darius II 's rule ( r. 423 – 404 BC ), and lasted until
56-629: Was highly interested in the Cadusii, incorporating them in his invented history of an early Median dynasty . The Cadusii later voluntarily submitted to Cyrus the Great ( r. 550 – 530 BC ), the first ruler of the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC). According to Xenophon , as Cyrus was about to pass away, he appointed his younger son Tanaoxares ( Bardiya ) as satrap over the Medes, Armenians , and Cadusii. The Cadusii were most likely part of
64-460: Was killed. Before the start of the single combat, Artagerses accused the king of disgracing his name when he led the "villains of the Greeks" against the Persian ruler, who had "millions of slaves better and braver" Cyrus . Cadusii According to tradition, the legendary Assyrian king Ninus subdued the Cadusii. The Greek physician and historian Ctesias ( fl. 5th-century BC )
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