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67-519: Armero is a municipality in the Tolima Department , Colombia. According to the National Department of Statistics of Colombia, 12,852 lived in the town in 2005. Its median temperature is 27 °C. It was founded in 1895, but was not officially recognized as the seat of the region until 29 September 1908, by President Rafael Reyes . The town was originally named San Lorenzo. In 1930, the name

134-417: A City of Gastronomy by UNESCO , in tribute to its significant tradition of regional cooking. Typical dishes of the city are a legacy of both Spanish and indigenous cultural interaction, integrating components of local origin with fruits brought from Spain . The National Gastronomy Congress of Popayán has been held each September since 2003, and in 2005 was recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage event of

201-526: A battle was fought for the independence of Colombia on January 15, 1814. According to the architect, critic and historian Germain Téllez, the facade of this church is the best example of baroque style in Colombia. In its tower is a bell donated by Don Pedro Agustín de Valencia. This temple is remarkable because of its altar decorations and the proportions of its naves and apse . In San Francisco's square stands

268-474: A collection of hundred of selected books, diplomas, medals and awards that Master Valencia received for his distinguished political life and for its fine literary and poetic compositions. In the park located across the street it stands the statue of the poet, made by the Spanish sculptor Victorio Macho. It has too a family cemetery where the remains of several generations of Valencia are resting. The museum depends on

335-511: A cross of quarry stone of 1789, which are attributed to many legends. The original church was completely replaced by a new structure after the earthquake of 1983. This house displays a very interesting collection of colonial art and precious memories of the Mosquera family. This house is administrated by Universidad del Cauca. It works in the house that belonged to the Mosquera Arboleda family,

402-476: A few projects currently seek to recover the old city's original look. El morro del tulcán is the main archaeological site of Popayán. It consists of a truncated pyramid built between 500 and 1600 A.C., a period known as late chiefdom societies. To commemorate the 400th anniversary of the city's founding, a monument was erected in 1937 in honor of city founder Sebastián de Belalcázar , with an equestrian statue by Spanish artist Victorio Macho . Better known as

469-518: A monument to local hero Camilo Torres , whose replica is located in the square of the Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé in Bogotá . Late Neogranadino Baroque work, designed by the Spanish architect Antonio Garcia. It has excellent examples of architectures, metal works, and furniture from Quito and Spain schools. His pulpit was designed in the first half of the nineteenth century by an illustrious son of

536-404: A recognized family in the history of Colombia, whose members occupied the highest positions of political power, ecclesiastical, military and diplomatic, simultaneously during much of the nineteenth century. The most important were: Joaquín Mosquera , Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera , Manuel José Mosquera and Manuel Maria Mosquera. The father of them all, Jose Maria Mosquera y Figueroa, was considered by

603-1740: A type of cheese wrapped in a plantain leaf. Drinks include the Avena , a cold oatmeal-based drink. Tolima gave to the country ten presidents: Domingo Caycedo , José María Melo , Manuel Murillo Toro , José María Rojas Garrido , Miguel Abadía Méndez , Alfonso López Michelsen , Darío Echandía , Carlos Lozano y Lozano , Gabriel París , and Deogracias Fonseca . The Department of Tolima groups its municipalities into six zones: northern, eastern, southern, center, southeastern and snowy. [REDACTED]   Amazonas [REDACTED]   Antioquia [REDACTED]   Arauca [REDACTED]   Atlántico [REDACTED]   Bolívar [REDACTED]   Boyacá [REDACTED]   Caldas [REDACTED]   Caquetá [REDACTED]   Casanare [REDACTED]   Cauca [REDACTED]   Cesar [REDACTED]   Chocó [REDACTED]   Córdoba [REDACTED]   Cundinamarca [REDACTED]   Guainía [REDACTED]   Guaviare [REDACTED]   Huila [REDACTED]   La Guajira [REDACTED]   Magdalena [REDACTED]   Meta [REDACTED]   Nariño [REDACTED]   N. Santander [REDACTED]   Putumayo [REDACTED]   Quindío [REDACTED]   Risaralda [REDACTED]   San Andrés [REDACTED]   Santander [REDACTED]   Sucre [REDACTED]   Tolima [REDACTED]   Valle del Cauca [REDACTED]   Vaupés [REDACTED]   Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED]   Bogotá Popay%C3%A1n The town

670-491: A zone that has been devastated in the aftermath of the last eruption of Ruiz. It has created the Centro de Interpretación de la Memoria y la Tragedia de Armero, the first Memory Interpretation Center of a Natural Catastrophe in the world located exactly where the events occurred. There are memorial sites at each of the important places of the city (such as hospitals, parks, and theaters) near the ruins. In those, visitors can learn about

737-519: Is also an important tourist attraction. The Saldaña river is central to farming in the area; it has en area of influence of 9,800 square kilometers; equal to 41.5% of the departamental area, the longest reach in Tolima, and has the best flow to its irrigation district. It feeds into the crops in the cities of Saldaña and Purificación, as well as its tributaries; the Cucuana, Luisa, and Amoya rivers. The economy of

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804-595: Is also widely recognised for its distinctive cuisine. Famous regional dishes include the Tamal Tolimense , a rice- and yellow pea-based dish with pork, egg, chicken, beef and vegetable filling, wrapped inside a plantain leaf; the Lechona , a yellow pea-and-meat-stuffed pork; Empanadas , small potato, rice and meat stuffed pastries, made with corn dough; Achiras (although not exclusively from this department) and Bizcocho calentano , smaller flour pastries; and Quesillo ,

871-810: Is famous for the Fiestas of San Pedro in Espinal , San Juan in Natagaima and in Ibagué, the Colombian Folkloric Festival and the "Concurso de Duetos Garzón y Collazos." Tolima has produced many writers: Arturo Camacho Ramíez, Juan Lozano y Lozano, Diego Fallon, William Ospina, James Cañón , Martín Pomala, Luz Stella; painters: Darío Jiménez, Jorge Elías Triana, Darío Ortiz Robledo, Carlos Granada, Julio Fajardo; historians Eduardo Santa, Gonzalo Sanchez, Hermes Tovar Pinzón, Hernán Clavijo, Darío Ortiz Vidales. The department

938-469: Is located here, so Popayán is also known as the "University City". Nearby is Puracé National Natural Park . The nearest large city is Cali , in the Valle del Cauca Department , north of Cauca. Much of the city's original splendor was destroyed on 31 March 1983, when an earthquake toppled many buildings. Though many were rebuilt and repaired, the heart of the city still has ruins and empty lots. In 2005, Popayán

1005-730: Is represented in the city by the Bolivar Cultural Center, which shows independent films. There is also a theater, the Royal Films multiplex in the Campanario Mall, which has four modern 3D digital cinema screens, and a new theater, Cine Colombia multiplex in the Terra plaza Mall (the newest in the city) In addition there are several film clubs, many of them located within the University of Cauca . The Cineclub La Tuátara runs every Wednesday in

1072-479: Is the street because its road is made of stones, like old roads in Popayán. Originally it was a straw hut, but in 1609 it was opened a second cathedral of mud and masonry. The current construction was consecrated in 1906 by Archbishop Manuel Antonio Arboleda, who brings it a magnificent European pipe organ . Its style is the neoclassical , and much of the building was restored because of the earthquake of 1983, including

1139-505: Is well known for its colonial architecture and its contributions to Colombian cultural and political life. It is also known as the "white city" due to the color of most of the colonial buildings in the city center, where several churches are located, such as San Francisco, San José, Belén, Santo Domingo, San Agustín, and the Catedral Basílica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción , known locally as "La Catedral". The city's cathedral

1206-616: The Bogotá savanna . Later conquests were executed by captain Andrés Lopez de Galarza , who founded the city of Ibagué and established the municipality of Cajamarca in the west of the department. These two cities would become an important part of the Eje Cafetero ("Coffee Axis"). In 1985 the Armero tragedy occurred in the department. It caused the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, destroying

1273-799: The Cordillera Oriental , which contains the source of the Cabrera river. These two mountain ranges are separated by the Magdalena Valley, and join back together further south, where the river's head is located. The greater part of the department of Tolima sits on the Continental Lithospheric Mesoproterozoic Grenville Province, which consists of the Cordillera Central, the Cordillera Oriental, and

1340-566: The Gospels , relating the Passion, crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ . Each representation is called a " Paso ". Since the time of the conquest the pasos have been carried through the streets on the shoulders of the traditional 'cargueros' in a route shaped like a cross, which takes in the main churches and temples of the city. Since 2009 the Popayán Holy Week processions have been inscribed in

1407-517: The Nevado del Tolima , and hotter zones in wide valleys lower than 400 meters above sea level that reach temperatures hotter than 40 degrees Celsius. The Tolima department includes three distinct regions: a mountainous region, occupied by the Cordillera Central ; a plain, that corresponds to the valleys of the rivers Magdalena and Saldaña; and the region to the southeast which forms the western slope of

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1474-573: The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists . During Holy Week, Popayán is also home to the Festival de Música Religiosa (Religious Music Festival), begun in the 1960s by Edmundo Mosquera Troya . This festival presents choirs, soloists and artists from around the world, specialists in sacred music. It is also the tradition at this time of the year to hold art and craft fairs selling handicrafts and commercial products. One of

1541-424: The University of Cauca . It offers an exhibition of animals, like insects, butterflies and birds native to the region, and a collection of pre-Columbian pottery. Popayán is widely known for the solemnity of its Holy Week processions , during which it commemorates the passion and death of Jesus Christ . Since roughly the mid-sixteenth century - documents in the historical archives of Popayán mention processions in

1608-495: The chirimía , that is made up of flutes (transverse cane), guacharacas, drums, castrueras and triángulos, making its appearance in the traditional celebrations of Popayán, especially at Christmas time and at the end of the year. On the plateau of Popayán, groups of farmers play stringed instruments, composed of three guitars and maracas which have incorporated into their repertoire paseos, merengues , pasillos and boleros in vocal and instrumental form. Popayán has been declared

1675-638: The Comfacauca Institute of Technology auditorium (opened 2001), which has established itself as a cultural space for the city. A very important innovation is the program of the Radio Universidad del Cauca station 104.1 fm, 'Cinema Radio', on air Saturdays at noon, in which are created thematic cycles. They present news about cinema, 'the seventh art', and also discuss the history of film and audiovisual language. Talking about cinematographic production, there are some people who are working to strengthen

1742-511: The GDP. The GDP per inhabitant in Tolima, registered during 2002 a reduction of 0.4% in constant prices. According to the results of the DANE census, the department of Tolima registered between the years of 2001 and 2002 a diminution, to constant prices, of 0.1% in its GDP, falling from Col$ 2.05 trillion in 2001 to Col$ 2.04 trillion in 2002. The result is explained by the fact that traditional sectors within

1809-557: The Liberator Simón Bolívar as the only person he would choose as a second parent. The old residence of the Arboleda family, was built in the eighteenth century based on plans of the priest Andres Perez Marcelino Arroyo, and it was acquired by the city in 1974 and renovated for its current use in 1979. Their collections are extraordinary examples of religious art, silverware, pictures of the so-called Quito School and paintings of

1876-539: The Oral and Intangible Patrimony of Humanity. The word Popayán comes from an indigenous language. There are different theories about the origin of this word, one claims it means: Po : "Two"; pa : "reed"; yan : "village", or; "Two villages with reed roofs". Another theory says that the word Popayán comes from the name of the indigenous cacique , called Payán , who used to live around Eme Hill, nowadays known as Las Tres Cruces Hill. Yet another theory says that according to

1943-639: The Paraninfo, this imposing mid-18th-century building was part of the Dominican order monastery until 1826. It was first built with a mud and straw roof, then reinforced over the years with rammed earth and tile. In 1827 Simón Bolivar declared it a property with historic heritage value, when it was already a two steps hose in front of the Santo Domingo plaza. The last great governor of Cauca , Don Miguel de Arroyo Hurtado, made more renovations and reforms that gave it

2010-523: The Plazoleta de las Nieves in Bogotá . Leafy trees were planted at this time. In May 2007 a proposal by architect Lorenzo Castro aimed to expand the pedestrian zone around the park, and in April 2009 the first phase of the work began. The university gathers students from around the country. It was founded in 1827 by decree of General Francisco de Paula Santander . Its motto is Posteris Lumen Moriturus Edat . Since

2077-407: The Tolima is based on agriculture. Industry in Tolima, as has been happening to the whole country, has been declining in its proportion of GDP , while services gain more importance, a phenomenon known as deindustrialization . Within the sector services Tolima excels in commerce, public administration, other services to the community and "reparaciones", which contribute respectively 11.2% and 9.1% of

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2144-661: The United Nations creative network. The Congress is organized by the Gastronomic Corporation of Popayán, which has presented seven events which have also featured the participation of various countries as special guests: Peru , Brazil , Spain , Chile , Mexico , Italy and France . Christmas Eve plate or dish is very special. Its content is the most complete of Colombia and consists of hojaldra  [ es ] , rosquillas, manjar blanco , dulce cortado, natillas and fig syrups, among others. Traditional cinema

2211-405: The action of two lead weights which were changed by Antonio Nariño in the Colombia independence dispute in 1814, when metal was required to manufacture ammunition. After the earthquake of 1983, the clock was restored and put back in operation by the same English company that had manufactured it, but it has since stopped working. This bridge connects the central and northern zones of the city. It

2278-441: The area at the time. The incident became known as the Armero tragedy . While the destruction of the town made world news in its own right, the best known victim was Omayra Sánchez , a young girl who died after being trapped by water and concrete up to her neck for three days. After this event, the town of Guayabal was assigned as the seat of the municipality of Armero, rendering Armero a ghost town . The survivors were relocated to

2345-541: The beginning of the twentieth century, the main headquarters have been in the Dominican Order cloister, one of the best examples of religious architecture in the city. Called "the nose of Popayán" by Guillermo Valencia , the clock tower is a well-known symbol of the city. It was built next to the cathedral between 1673 and 1682 with 96,000 bricks. The clock, made in England , was placed in 1737. Its mechanism operated by

2412-564: The beginning of the year, from January 5 to 13. These fiestas celebrate the spirit of racial diversity in the country, in the same way as the Carnival of Blacks and Whites , which takes place in the same week, in Pasto , which originally initiated in Popayán during the slavery period as a way of escaping the racial discrimination prevailing at the time. It is said that among the original performers there were good music interpreters, excelling in playing

2479-453: The city as they existed before the tragedy. [REDACTED] Media related to Armero Guayabal at Wikimedia Commons Tolima Department Tolima ( Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima] ) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia , located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas ; on the east by

2546-467: The city, Francisco José de Caldas . Next to this church is the faculty of Law and Political and Social Sciences of the University of Cauca , also in colonial style. Fray Jeronimo Escobar founded the convent of the Augustinians in the late seventeenth century, whose temple was destroyed in the earthquake in 1736. Then, it was reconstructed thanks to contributions from notable people of the city, but it

2613-512: The colonial period. Monstrances of the collection have such value that they are only exposed to the public for a few days during Easter . It is located in a mansion on the Próceres street, and it is dedicated to the poet Guillermo Valencia , one of the most prominent members of Modernism in Spanish literature . Its numerous rooms are decorated with valuable works of art and artistic pieces, as well as

2680-416: The death of more than 23,000 people and destroyed the town of Armero. The department's capital, Ibagué , is also built near a very large active volcano; the Nevado del Tolima. It stands at 5215 meters (17,110 ft) high, and last erupted in 1943. The Combeima River flows from this mountain and passes by Ibagué, part of which is situated close enough to the river to be put in danger by volcanic flows, should

2747-717: The department comes from the Pijao word for "snowed". The Panche , of the same linguistic family as the Pijao, populated the northern regions of Tolima, close to the Magdalena Valley . Renowned as fierce warriors, the Panche were widely known for fighting the Muisca over the control of emerald mining territories. They fought against a Spanish-Muisca coalition and were first defeated in the Battle of Tocarema on August 20, 1538. Spanish colonization of

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2814-433: The department of Cundinamarca ; on the south by the department of Huila , and on the west by the departments of Cauca , Valle del Cauca , Quindío and Risaralda . Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km , and its capital is Ibagué . The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca . The Pijao inhabited the southern parts of Tolima during pre-Columbian times. The name of

2881-406: The economic structure of the department such as the coffee registered a reduction of 22.4%, reducing 2 percentage points to the total variation, and others did not have important growth or presented/displayed diminutions in its added values. So it is the case of the activity branches: transport, commerce and repairs, industry and electricity gas and water, which jointly reduced 1.7 percentage points to

2948-541: The first Spanish arrived. Analyses of dental samples have revealed that individuals buried there probably belonged to the upper class of their society. On 13 January 1537 the Spanish conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar arrived in Popayán. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Popayán was administered by an appointed governor under the jurisdiction of the Royal Audience of Quito , part of the Viceroyalty of Peru . Popayán

3015-546: The great dome of 40 meters high, whose restoration was made according to guidelines of the original structure designed by the local artist Adolfo Dueñas. It was built in 1702 according to the architectural guidelines of the Jesuits in the American Baroque . It has put up with some changes, for example, the most recent occurred in 1983, when much of the facade which had been covered with paint and lime for at least two centuries,

3082-520: The historian Arcecio Aragón, the origin of the word Popayán is "Pampayán" from the Quechua language: pampa (valley) and yan (river), thus, the "valley of the river", where "river" refers to the Cauca River . No records exist of the pre-Hispanic history of the indigenous village of Popayán. The city is the home of an ancient pre-Hispanic pyramid known as El Morro del Tulcán , already abandoned when

3149-400: The most current look. When the building was given to the University of Cauca in the early twentieth century, several changes and additional extensions were made, which recovered all the original spaces. This park was born at the same time as Popayán in 1537, when the track in grid generated around religious, governmental, and founders buildings. Initially it was a marketplace. In 1538 a trap

3216-417: The most important handicrafts samples is Manos de Oro, which displays the works of artists of Colombia . Amo Jesus Nazareno of Puelenje is a Catholic devotional image located in the church of Puelenje, part of the metropolitan area of Popayán, Colombia. Amo Jesus is the patron of the parish of Puelenje. The image is a polychrome baroque wooden sculpture of Jesus Christ carved in the eighteenth century in

3283-468: The mountain ranges of Santa Marta and la Macarena. Most of the territory is situated over Mesozoic deposits of the Late Triassic period (T3) and Early Jurassic (J1). Volcanic activity is an issue that residents must deal with living in many parts of Tolima, due to its location over various geological faults. In 1985, for example, the Nevado de Ruiz erupted and caused the Armero tragedy , which caused

3350-614: The new Republic of Colombia after 1826. Popayán has been destroyed by several earthquakes . The most recent and destructive lasted eighteen seconds and occurred on 31 March 1983. The reconstruction of the city took more than ten years and today it is still possible to see some lots that have not been rebuilt. The first earthquake seismic design code was established in Colombia as a consequence of this earthquake. Popayán's historic downtown includes examples of baroque architecture which has been preserved for more than four centuries. The cobblestone streets were almost all paved in 1937; however,

3417-409: The new bridge was named Humilladero . For a long time this bridge was one of the main entrances to the city. The liberating armies crossed it to enter Popayán during the early stages of the struggle for Colombia independence. Its well-planned design and strong construction has allowed the bridge to remain intact through many earthquakes. This country house was built in the 17th century. On its grounds

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3484-458: The region began in 1537 with Sebastián de Belalcázar travelling from the south of later Colombia, where he had founded Cali and Popayán in 1537. He set north to finally reach the area where Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada had founded Bogotá on August 6, 1538. On its way, De Belalcázar founded the settlement that would become known as Ibagué . De Belalcázar traveled until he reached the settlement of Flandes in Tolima, before heading east towards

3551-488: The seventh art in the municipality. Popayan has one commercial airport, Guillermo León Valencia Airport , served by Avianca and by Easyfly . The average temperature of 17.8 °C places the city in the warm-temperate zone. Popayán has a subtropical highland climate but as precipitation is high even in the driest month, Köppen defines it as Cfb (in the bordeline of the Af - equatorial climate ), without direct relation to

3618-576: The style of the Quito school . The image is processed on the Wednesday as part of the expression of popular piety celebrated in Popayán during Holy Week (see above). A festival in honour of Amo Jesus as patron of the parish is celebrated with fireworks, processions , religious ceremonies and cultural events beginning on the 15th day before the last Sunday in August each year. Popayán celebrates these festivities at

3685-471: The town of Armero. It produced lahars and 23,000 people died in the tragedy. Being situated close to the equator, the department of Tolima does not experience seasons, but it does enjoy a variety of different mountainous temperatures: snowy summits more than 5,000 meters high (home to the Las Hermosas and Nevado del Huila National Natural Parks) with below freezing temperatures like the Nevado del Huila and

3752-460: The towns of Guayabal and Lérida where they received housing and money, although little was done in aiding the survivors in reconstructing their lives. In the area where the city was located, survivors created an extensive cemetery. Where each one had a house, they constructed a tomb with an epitaph. In this way, they constructed a new symbolic city called Camposanto . Armando Armero is a foundation set up to bring social and economic development to

3819-438: The variation, whereas other services, rights and taxes, construction and farming rest, forestry and 3.6 percentage points fish were the branches with greater positive contribution to the variation of the GDP when contributing. Music is the distinguishing cultural expression of Tolima. Its capital, Ibagué, is well known as "the musical city of Colombia", and is home to one of the nation's classic conservatoriums. The department also

3886-719: The volcano ever erupt again. The territory of Tolima is traversed from the south to north by the Magdalena River, of which the main rivers of the Tolima are tributary. Other rivers are the Saldaña River , the Cabrera, Coello, the Tetuán, the Gualí, the Rio Recio, and the Rio Prado. The Rio Prado dam is found on the river of the same name. This is the largest fresh water lake in central Colombia and

3953-432: The year 1558 - sacred processions have taken place each night from Tuesday until Holy Saturday, with ancient religious images paraded through Popayán's historical downtown streets. They are borne on wooden platforms by means of four projecting wooden "bars" at the front and four at the back. These bars rest on the shoulders of the “cargueros”, responsible for carrying the platforms. These processions represent episodes from

4020-471: Was a very important city due to its location between Lima , Quito and Cartagena . Even after the discovery of the Pacific Ocean , Popayán remained a transfer point for gold and other riches going to Cartagena on their way to Spain . Popayán also served as a colonial mine, and produced various denominations of gold escudo coins and silver reales from 1760 through 1819; it continued producing coinage for

4087-656: Was built in 1873 on arches of brick and masonry. The designs were prepared by the Italian friar Fray Serafin Barbetti and a German engineer whose mummified remains are preserved in the Archdiocesan Museum of Religious Art. The bridge crosses a fault between the city center and the El Callejón (now Bolivar) neighborhood which was previously extremely difficult to cross, requiring pedestrians to almost crawl on their knees. Accordingly,

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4154-463: Was changed to Armero in memory of José León Armero , a national martyr. Because the region became the main cotton producer in the country, the city was called Colombia's White City. It was a prosperous agricultural area until 1985. The original seat of the region was destroyed on 13 November 1985, after an eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano produced lahars that buried the town and killed about 23,000 people. Approximately 31,000 people lived in

4221-571: Was declared by the UNESCO as the first city of gastronomy because of its variety and meaning to the intangible patrimony of Colombian culture. The culinary history of the Cauca Department was chosen because it maintains traditional food preparation methods that have been passed down orally for generations. In 2009, UNESCO also declared the Semana Santa processions during Easter Week a Masterpiece of

4288-536: Was home to the Crown of the Andes , a 16th-century Marianist devotional object featuring emeralds taken from the captured Inca Emperor Atahualpa . It was sold to finance local health care institutions. Popayán has been home to seventeen Colombian presidents, as well as noted poets, painters, and composers. The University of Cauca (est. 1827), one of Colombia's oldest and most distinguished institutions of higher education,

4355-401: Was left on view. It is located on the hill of Belén, and from the chapel you can see a panoramic view of the city. To arrive to this church, it is necessary to pass through the “quingos", a road of stone steps that allow a nice climb to one of the viewpoints of the city. Since 1717 this chapel is in charge of the image of Santo Ecce Homo , patron saint of the city. Next to the church there is

4422-433: Was necessary to restore it again after the earthquake of 1983. In particular it stands out its altar carved in wood and covered in gold, its expository baroque made in silver and an image of the Lady of Sorrows . It is the oldest church in the city and sometimes it served as "Pro Tempore" Cathedral. It dates from 1546 and contains a fine altar discovered after the earthquake of 1983. The principal attraction of this church

4489-414: Was placed in the center of the park, where Jorge Robledo and Álvaro Oyón were beheaded. The trap lasted until 1766 when it was replaced by a water faucet, which remained until 1805 when a stone pile was put in its place, but it was removed too in 1910 after the inauguration of the monument to Sabio Caldas , a piece by the French sculptor Raoul Verlet , which has stood there since. A replica of it exists in

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