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49-411: The basis for the creation of an extensive set of scores for military brass bands lies in a highest cabinet order ( Allerhöchste Kabinettsorder ) of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia on 10 February 1817 requesting a selection of proven compositions for every regiment of infantry, cavalry and artillery: In order to assist the regiments of the army in the selection of good military music, I have had

98-573: A civil life with a problem-free marriage, which did not change even when he became King of Prussia in 1797. His wife Louise was particularly loved by the people of Prussia , which boosted the popularity of the whole House of Hohenzollern , including the King himself. Frederick William succeeded to the throne on 16 November 1797. He also became, in personal union , the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (1797–1806 and again 1813–1840). At once,

147-529: A connection to Beethoven. Raised on a sheep farm in Thamsbrücke, he was expected to manage the farm someday. However, he showed a propensity for music starting with performing on the piccolo – a favorite instrument his entire life. His family agreed on his studying music as long as he promised to serve in the army for twelve years. Blankenburg taught himself to play various instruments including bassoon, tuba, and violin and he conducted his school orchestra at

196-746: A neutrality policy in the Napoleonic Wars . Although they succeeded in keeping out of the Third Coalition in 1805, eventually, Frederick William was swayed by the queen's attitude, who led Prussia's pro-war party and entered into the war in October 1806. On 14 October 1806, at the Battles of Jena-Auerstädt , the French effectively decimated the Prussian Army 's effectiveness and functionality; led by Frederick William,

245-561: A number of well-proved pieces prepared, and a set of them is to be supplied to each regiment. As, in this way, the army will come into the possession of good music, I decree that on all ceremonial occasions, at grand parades, and reviews, and particularly those at which I am present, no other marches will be played. Friedrich Wilhelm III's initial collection consisted of 36 slow marches and 36 quick marches for infantry. This Army March Collection in time contained Prussian, Austrian and Russian marches, divided into three collections: Marches in

294-474: A total of 152 marches. The German Misplaced Pages article on the Armeemarschsammlung includes a comprehensive list based on Stephan ’s work de:Armeemarschsammlung . The only Luftwaffe march incorporated into the collection was Gustav Rath 's " Flieger-Parade " HM II, 143 (added in 1933). Rath 's march had won a competition in 1932 for army marches. Luftwaffenmusikinspizient (Chief of Music for

343-450: Is 1275 (the march "Semper Paratus" likely published in 1936 ) and the lowest is 9 (for "Fliegerhelden Marsch"). There are long gaps in the sequence of opus numbers and many marches have no opus number assigned. At least 300 of his marches were published (by thirty different publishers), but many more are lost or destroyed . Over 100 of Blankenburg's marches were recorded in the Heritage of

392-662: Is buried at the Mausoleum in Schlosspark Charlottenburg , Berlin. Hermann Louis Blankenburg Hermann Ludwig Blankenburg (14 November 1876 in Thamsbrück – 15 May 1956 in Wesel ) was a German composer of military marches . Blankenburg was the only son of three children of Johann Heinrich and Ernestine Friederike Koch Blankenburg. He was born with the middle name Louis but changed it to Ludwig later in life perhaps as

441-510: Is likely the most prolific march composer in history. For twenty years he composed at least one march a week . His one thousandth march was composed in 1928: "Der Tausendkünstler" (Jack of All Trades), dedicated to fellow composer Paul Lincke . He continued to compose marches until 1948 . Blankenburg numbered his march compositions at 1,328, but he was careless in assigning opus numbers or in completing compositions. He also renamed some older marches with new titles. The highest known opus number

490-708: The Armeemarschsammlung . Of these famous march composers, in the Heeresmarsch collection only Blon (" Unter dem Siegesbanner ", HM II, 152) and " Victoria " (HM II, 153); Friedemann (" Kaiser Friederich ", HM II, 151); and Teike (" Alte Kameraden ", HM II, 150) are included. Reasons for their lack of inclusion are several: These composers not being in military service in their most productive years, their marches considered more suitable to concert rather than parade use, and finally their marches considered more technically difficult than those adopted for either

539-585: The Historische Märsche und sonstige Compositionen für das kaiserliche und königliche Heer (Historical Marches and Other Compositions for the Imperial and Royal Army) was ready in time for Franz Joseph I of Austria ’s fiftieth jubilee year of 1898. Included were 49 marches and military tunes, including 36 officially recognized regimental marches arranged numerically by regiment: from the 1er Regimentsmarsch "Trautenauer Gefechtsmarsch" by Ferdinand Preis to

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588-490: The 79er Regimentsmarsch "Jellačić-Marsch" (Anon). The official branch marches of the artillery (" Artillerie-Marsch " composer unknown) and navy (" Tegetthoff-Marsch " by Anton Rosenkranz ) plus one of the military academy marches (" Jung Österreich Marsch " by Andreas Leonhardt ) were also included in the publication. By February 1914 there were assigned marches for the four Tiroler Kaiserjägerregiment s as well as 102 Infantry Regiments. A new Army March Collection

637-468: The Bundeswehr and private organizations are attempting to resolve this situation and keep this collection of marches from disappearing. Several recordings have been made of marches from the Armeemarschsammlung with particulars about the collections. These include: Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia Frederick William III ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm III. ; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840)

686-462: The Congress of Vienna , Frederick William's ministers succeeded in securing significant territorial increases for Prussia. However, they failed to obtain the annexation of all of Saxony , as they had wished. Following the war, Frederick William turned towards political reaction, abandoning the promises he had made in 1813 to provide Prussia with a constitution. Frederick William was determined to unify

735-524: The Congress of Vienna , which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. His primary interests were internal – the reform of Prussia's Protestant churches. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in

784-473: The Convention of Tauroggen , Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia at Kalisz . However, he had to flee Berlin, still under French occupation. Prussian troops played a crucial part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814, and the king himself traveled with the main army of Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg , along with Alexander of Russia and Francis of Austria . At

833-508: The Prussian Union of Churches . The king was said to be extremely shy and indecisive. His wife Queen Louise (1776–1810) was his most important political advisor. She led a mighty group that included Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein , Prince Karl August von Hardenberg , Gerhard von Scharnhorst , and Count August Neidhardt von Gneisenau . They set about reforming Prussia's administration, churches, finance, and military. He

882-629: The United States . The king's unsuccessful counterattack worsened tensions at the highest levels of government. The crown's aggressive efforts to restructure religion were unprecedented in Prussian history. In a series of proclamations over several years, the Church of the Prussian Union was formed, bringing together the majority group of Lutherans and the minority group of Reformed Protestants. The main effect

931-597: The " Old Lutherans " in Silesia refused to abandon their liturgical traditions. The crown responded by attempting to silence protest. The stubborn Lutheran minority was coerced by military force, their churches' confiscation, and their pastors' imprisonment or exile. By 1834 outward union was secured based on common worship but separate symbols—the opponents of the measure being forbidden to form communities of their own. Many left Prussia, settling in South Australia , Canada , and

980-776: The AM or HM collections. In the early 1960s, Wilhelm Stephan (1908-1994), a military musician in the Bundeswehr , was charged with yet another revision of the Heeresmarschsammlung . Stephan selected the most famous works from the historic collection and assigned a new numbering system, returning to the older AM nomenclature: The marches in Collection I are numbered 1-53, in Collection II 101-164, and in Collection III 201-235, for

1029-874: The Air Force 13 August 1936 – 1945) Hans Felix Husadel chose " Flieger-Parade " as Geschwindmärsche no. 47 for a collection of marches suitable for the new air force. At the same time, Carl Clewing and Husadel created a Liederbuch der Luftwaffe containing approved national hymns and song adapted to marches plus a new set of marches for military bands. Marches for the Reichsmarine and its later equivalent Kriegsmarine included HM I, 60 " Holländischer Ehrenmarsch " (i.e. " Präsentiermarsch der Marine ") of Jacob Rauscher; HM I, 61 " Marsch der I. Matrosendivision " of Prinz Heinrich von Preußen ; HM II, 145 " Unsere Marine " of Richard Thiele; and HM II, 156 " Panzerschiff Deutschland " of Erich Schumann. HM II, 130,

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1078-494: The March series. His marches are all in the characteristic German style. He was fond of soaring euphonium countermelodies, which require a highly competent euphonium section prepared to perform in the upper register of the instrument. His marches also stress the piccolo, clarinet, and cornet sections. A few months before his 81st birthday, Blankenburg intended to compose another march, but he died in Wesel in 1956 before completing

1127-525: The Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of Churches . The merging of the Lutheran and Calvinist (Reformed) confessions to form the United Church of Prussia was highly controversial. Angry responses included a large and well-organized opposition. Especially

1176-503: The Prussian army collapsed entirely soon after. Napoleon occupied Berlin in late October. The royal family fled to Memel , East Prussia , where they fell on the mercy of Emperor Alexander I of Russia . Alexander, too, suffered defeat at the hands of the French, and at Tilsit on the Niemen France made peace with Russia and Prussia. Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly, despite

1225-515: The age of ten. He served actively in the military for two years (1896–1898), playing tuba in the band of the 6th Field Artillery Regiment in Breslau . After that his only service was prior to and during the early years of World War I in reserve bands. He played tuba in the band of Field Artillery Regiment No. 43 in Wesel from 1913 until 1915, when he got a medical discharge. He remained in Wesel for

1274-437: The classic "Gruß an Kiel" composed in 1864 by Friedrich Spohr , was also considered a navy march by the time it was adopted into the Heeresmarsch . Given the expansion of the fleet begun in 1890 under Kaiser Wilhelm II, " Gruß an Kiel " was often used as a greeting to ships entering and exiting the port of Kiel . All of these marches were adopted into the Heeresmarsch in 1933 except " Panzerschiff Deutschland " which

1323-439: The composer's own favorite march). In the 1920s and 30s Blankenburg's marches attained European fame. Instead of accepting commissions, he composed marches when inspired. After World War II his compositional efforts dropped off. Despite the military titles of many of his marches and his short military band service, Blankenburg's compositions were never accorded official recognition by Germany's military authorities. Blankenburg

1372-564: The dramatist Johann Jakob Engel . As a soldier, he received the usual training of a Prussian prince, obtained his lieutenancy in 1784, became a lieutenant colonel in 1786, a colonel in 1790, and took part in the campaigns against France of 1792–1794. On 24 December 1793, Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who bore him ten children. In the Kronprinzenpalais (Crown Prince's Palace) in Berlin, Frederick William lived

1421-463: The effectiveness of his reign since he was forced to assume the roles he did not delegate. This is the main factor of his inconsistent rule. Disgusted with his father's court (in both political intrigues and sexual affairs), Frederick William's first and most successful early endeavor was to restore his dynasty's moral legitimacy. The eagerness to restore dignity to his family went so far that it nearly caused sculptor Johann Gottfried Schadow to cancel

1470-589: The encouragement of Queen Louise (who died, greatly mourned, in 1810). After bereavement, Frederick William fell under the influence of a 'substitute family' of courtiers, among whom included Friedrich Ancillon , a Huguenot preacher that provided the king with strong ideological support against political reforms that might restrain monarchical power, Sophie Marie von Voß , an older woman with conservative views and Prince Wilhelm zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein . In 1813, following Napoleon's defeat in Russia and pressured by

1519-466: The expensive and lavish Prinzessinnengruppe project, which was commissioned by the previous monarch Frederick William II. He was quoted as saying the following, which demonstrated his sense of duty and peculiar manner of speech: Every civil servant has a dual obligation: to the sovereign and the country. It can occur that the two are not compatible; then, the duty to the country is higher. At first, Frederick William and his advisors attempted to pursue

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1568-601: The lower ranking states of the former Empire. Preparation of this collection ended in 1945. It was now divided into four subgroups: The collection continued to grow and be divided into new distinct groups: Group IV was added in 1929 and included two subdivisions: In 1933 Hermann Schmidt revised and renamed the collection to the Heeresmarschsammlung . Marches infrequently performed were eliminated and marches of Saxony were added. Trots and gallops were added which caused Collection III to be divided into IIIa slow marches and IIIb trots and gallops. The Heeresmarschsammlung

1617-537: The marches incorporated into the army march collection have an official number including a Roman numeral designation (denoting collection) and an Arabic number (list number in the collection). Some well known examples: A comprehensive and systematic collection of marches was also created for the Kaiserlich und Königliche Armee (Imperial and Royal Austrian Army). On March 24, 1894, the Imperial and Royal War Ministry issued an order ( Kriegsministerium no. 1157) to create

1666-514: The new king showed that he was earnest of his good intentions by cutting down the royal establishment's expenses, dismissing his father's ministers, and reforming the most oppressive abuses of the late reign. He had the Hohenzollern determination to retain personal power but not the Hohenzollern genius for using it. Too distrustful to delegate responsibility to his ministers, he greatly reduced

1715-499: The piece. Opinions vary on the quality of his marches. Composer and arranger Gay Corrie has said it is difficult to tell his marches apart but found the euphonium countermelodies and woodwind figures admirable . Commander Charles Brendler of the United States Navy Band 1942-1962 considered him the greatest march writer who ever lived . At the age of 60, he was made an honorary citizen of Thamsbrück. In 1976, Wesel changed

1764-793: The pregnant queen's interview with the French emperor, which was believed to soften the defeat. Instead, Napoleon took much less mercy on the Prussians than what was expected. Prussia lost many of its Polish territories and all territory west of the Elbe and had to finance a large indemnity and pay French troops to occupy key strong points within the kingdom. Although the ineffectual king himself seemed resigned to Prussia's fate, various reforming ministers, such as Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein , Prince Karl August von Hardenberg , Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst , and Count August von Gneisenau , set about reforming Prussia's administration and military, with

1813-492: The publication of a standardized list of marches. This order includes: "The Imperial War Ministry intends to revive and preserve the tradition of outstanding epochs in the history of our nation and army by compiling and publishing in uniform orchestrations the older historic marches which owe their fame to successes in war, as well as suitable marches that were dedicated to the memory of glorious regiments, famous generals, or regimental colonels-in-chief". The official codification,

1862-621: The rest of his life. Blankenburg played in and conducted community bands as well as performing in the orchestras in Dortmund , Wuppertal , and Duisburg . He also worked as a bricklayer and a policeman for a short time. His personal life was full of turmoil. In 1917 he was arrested by the military police from his former regiment for "deserting his family". He had married Magdalena Weidmann in Germersheim in 1898. In 1920 he married Käthe Trauthoff and

1911-615: The third (cavalry) collection were first published by Schlesinger in Berlin beginning in 1824 and continued by Bote & Bock in Berlin and finally Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig (a project terminated at the end of World War I). This was titled Collection of Marches and Fanfares for Trumpet-Music for the Use of the Prussian Cavalry ( Sammlung von Marschen und Fanfaren für Trumpetenmusik zum Gebrauch der preußischen Kavallerie ). All

1960-583: Was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the empire was dissolved. Frederick William III ruled Prussia during the times of the Napoleonic Wars . The king reluctantly joined the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in the German campaign of 1813 . Following Napoleon's defeat, he took part in

2009-401: Was a tutor and guardian of his brother, Prince Henry . They thus grew up partly with the count's son, who accompanied them on their Grand Tour in the 1780s. Frederick William was happy at Paretz, and for this reason, in 1795, he bought it from his boyhood friend and turned it into an important royal country retreat. He was a melancholy boy, but he grew up pious and honest. His tutors included

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2058-592: Was adopted in 1939. A collection of songs for sailors Blaujacken-Lieder (Blue Jacket Songs) was compiled by Gerhard Pallmann for the Kriegsmarine . Many works from the older AM collection are missing original editions or are fragmentary. Some of the composers of the marches are unknown. The destruction of the Prussian State Archives in Potsdam in 1945 is partly to blame. The military music sections of

2107-530: Was decreed by the Reichswehr -Ministerium on May 15, 1925, under the supervision of military musician Hermann Schmidt (who would serve as Heeresmusikinspizient - Chief of Music for the Armed Forces 1929–1945). Old and newly composed marches were incorporated. Marches of the former Royal Prussian, Royal Bavarian, Royal Saxon, and Royal Württemberg Armies were now merged into one collection, alongside those of

2156-536: Was denoted as HM (and also VDHM, for Verzeichnis Deutscher Heeresmärsche ). Some marches are noted as in both the AM and HM collections: Two famous marches newly added in the revised numbering scheme: Few of the most famed German march composers were incorporated in the Armeemarschsammlung or Heeresmarsch collections. Prolific and famed march composers Hermann Louis Blankenburg , Franz von Blon , Richard Eilenberg , Carl Friedemann , Ernst Stieberitz , and Carl Teike are not included in

2205-408: Was neglected by his father during his childhood and suffered from an inferiority complex his entire life. As a child, Frederick William's father (under the influence of his mistress, Wilhelmine Enke, Countess of Lichtenau ) had him handed over to tutors, as was quite normal for the period. He spent part of the time living at Paretz , the estate of the old soldier, Count Hans von Blumenthal , who

2254-459: Was that the government of Prussia had full control over church affairs, with the king himself recognized as the leading bishop. In 1824 Frederick William III married for the second time, to Countess Auguste von Harrach zu Rohrau und Thannhausen . At the time of their marriage, the House of Harrach was still not recognized as equal to other European royal families for dynastic purposes. The marriage

2303-479: Was the dedicatee of Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony in 1824. Frederick William was born in Potsdam on 3 August 1770 as the son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt . He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy, which became noticeable in his particularly reticent conversations, distinguished by the lack of personal pronouns. This manner of speech subsequently came to be considered entirely appropriate for military officers. He

2352-619: Was then arrested for bigamy. In 1904, a march he had written years before was submitted to a Hawkes & Son march competition. Hawkes chose Blankenburg's march as the winner, from over 500 submitted, with the proviso the title be changed from "Deutschlands Fürsten" (Germany's Princes) to "Abschied der Gladiatoren" (The Gladiators' Farewell). The march became popular, and Hawkes (also Boosey & Hawkes ) would publish several more of Blankenburg's compositions, including "Adlerflug", "Festjubel", "Territorial", and "Mein Regiment" (the latter said to be

2401-589: Was therefore morganatic and she was created Princess of Liegnitz . They had no children. In 1838 the king distributed large parts of his farmland at Erdmannsdorf Estate to 422 Protestant refugees from the Austrian Zillertal , who built Tyrolean style farmhouses in the Silesian village. Frederick William III died on 7 June 1840 in Berlin, from a fever, survived by his second wife. His eldest son, Frederick William IV , succeeded him. Frederick William III

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