In landscaping , an avenue (from the French ), alameda (from the Portuguese and Spanish ), or allée (from the French), is a straight path or road with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side, which is used, as its Latin source venire ("to come") indicates, to emphasize the "coming to," or arrival at a landscape or architectural feature. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the same species or cultivar , so as to give uniform appearance along the full length of the avenue.
22-578: Armada Way is a kilometre long, primarily pedestrian-only, commercial avenue and public plaza linking the Plymouth Hoe to the roundabout south of Plymouth railway station . Armada Way is a major commercial high street in Plymouth, it contains a number of shops alongside it including the Armada Shopping Centre which contains a Sainsbury's , Wilko, Peacocks, and more. Armada Way was designated
44-402: A "heritage asset of high significance" by Plymouth City Council in a report commissioned in 2014, this claim has been repeated again by the council in 2019 and 2024. In July 1941, Lord Mayor Waldorf Astor was told "not to worry about finances or local restrictions" when rebuilding Plymouth. He approached the architect Patrick Abercrombie who first visited Plymouth in 1941, when he established
66-483: A fire-beacon was lit on Armada Way to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the sighting of the Spanish Armada . Plymouth City Council announced a scheme to revamp the existing Armada Way to modernise the street. The scheme proved to be incredibly controversial due to a large number of trees being removed. During this time, renovations to the adjacent Old Town Street and New George Street also began. On 21 November 2022,
88-609: A large straight street in a city, often created as part of a large scheme of urban planning such as Baron Haussmann 's remodelling of Paris or the L'Enfant Plan for Washington D.C.; "avenues" will typically be the main roads. This pattern is very often followed in the United States, indeed all the Americas, but in the United Kingdom this sense is less strong and the name is used more randomly, mostly for suburban streets developed in
110-745: Is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as boulevards such as the Grande Allée in Quebec City , Canada, and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin . The avenue is one of the oldest implements in the history of gardens . An Avenue of Sphinxes still leads to the tomb of the pharaoh Hatshepsut . Avenues similarly defined by guardian stone lions lead to the Ming tombs in China. British archaeologists have adopted highly specific criteria for "avenues" within
132-533: The 20th century, though Western and Eastern Avenues in London are main traffic arteries out of the city, if not very straight. In cities which have a grid-based naming system , such as the borough of Manhattan in New York City , there may be a convention that the streets called avenues run parallel in one direction – roughly north–south in the case of Manhattan – while "streets" run at 90 degrees to them across
154-502: The American antebellum era South , the southern live oak was typically used, because the trees created a beautiful shade canopy . Sometimes tree avenues were designed to direct the eye toward some distinctive architectural building or feature, such as a chapels , gazebos , or architectural follies . Avenue as a street name in French, Spanish ( avenida ) and other languages implies
176-680: The avenue's propensity to draw the spectator forwards along it. In Austria-Hungary , the fashion for establishing representative avenues appeared as early as the Renaissance and reached its peak in the Baroque period. Avenues lined the access roads to chateaus and manors, as well as pilgrimage routes and Stations of the Cross. The manorial landscape architecture was followed by "folk landscaping" with wayside chapels, crosses and shrines accompanied by trees. Later, Maria Theresa decreed in 1752 to plant trees along
198-530: The avenues; roughly east–west in Manhattan. In Washington, DC the avenues radiate from the centre running diagonally across the grid of streets, which follows typical French usage of the name (in France " boulevards " are often main roads running round the city centre). In Phoenix, Arizona , "the avenues" can colloquially mean "the west side of town", due to the numbered north–south-running roads being called "Avenues" in
220-404: The city centre to divert traffic away from the new boulevard, allowing for pedestrians to access the area freely. The majority of the modern-day Armada way was constructed in the 1980s when the a large number of the roads in the city centre were pedestrianised, and are yet to be updated. Heavy landscaping was completed during phases the 1980s, giving Armada Way its unique piecemeal look. In 1988,
242-712: The context of British archaeology . In French formal garden Baroque landscape design style, avenues of trees that were centered upon the dwelling radiated across the landscape. See the avenues in the Gardens of Versailles or Het Loo . Other late 17th-century French and Dutch landscapes, in that intensely ordered and flat terrain, fell naturally into avenues; Meindert Hobbema , in The Avenue at Middelharnis (1689) presents such an avenue in farming country, neatly flanked at regular intervals by rows of young trees that have been rigorously limbed up; his central vanishing point mimics
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#1732845558962264-473: The council announced that it would pause the scheme to review it following environmental concerns. On 20 January 2023, the council published a revised scheme which prevented 7 of the trees trees from being felled, these plans called for 129 trees to be felled with 169 new trees to be planted. Local campaigning group Save the Trees of Armada Way (STRAW) responded saying the new plans were "extremely disappointing". In
286-420: The early hours of 15 March 2023 the council began felling the 129 tees on Armada Way, despite public outcry including a petition with over 12,000 signatures being sent to the council. STRAW received an emergency injuction from the courts preventing the felling of trees, however by the time it was approved 116 trees had already been felled, leaving only 13 standing. A judicial review was then called to investigate if
308-505: The felled trees. On 19 February 2024, the council announced a new scheme for Armada Way had been approved following public consultation which includes the planting over 200 trees, new sustainable drainage systems, additional seating, installation of defibrillators , and a play village amongst other changes. However, STRAW launched legal action against the council which delayed the work in May 2024. Avenue (landscape) The French term allée
330-405: The felling was lawful. At the end of march, a Mural was added to Armada Way depicting the damage taken by Plymouth during The Blitz. After the 2023 Plymouth City Council election , the new Labour council withdrew the decision to fell the trees. Since the decision to fell the trees was revoked there was no reason the case against the council was dismissed. In November 2023, work began on cleaning up
352-413: The idea for what is now known as Armada Way. On 27 April 1944 Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth , to rebuild the damage caused to the city by The Blitz , was published. It called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue linking the railway station with
374-420: The middle of the 19th century, when the construction of imperial roads continued, but at the same time a network of non-state side roads was created, the law ordered the planting of avenues along them, especially fruit trees and mulberries. Many baroque alleys have aged and been felled, and fruit tree alleys have become increasingly popular. At the time of the development of motoring, the oldest avenues often hinder
396-442: The new imperial roads for economic, aesthetic, orientation and safety reasons. Most avenues were created during the reigns of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, new landscaping came from England, and formal aesthetics were replaced by the aesthetics of the natural landscape. During Napoleonic wars, pyramidal poplars became a new element, popular due to their fast growth and distinctive shape. Also in
418-469: The of Plymouth Hoe. The road was originally designed to be a kilometre long tree-lined route running through the city centre. It was originally named Phoenix Way, but was later renamed. Due to the scale of Armada Way and the post-war planning, the road was constructed in phases, extended as buildings were demolished. The original 1950s braille garden was the oldest section of the original road to still exist until 2023. New ring roads were constructed around
440-469: The street's size, importance, or function. Avenues were usually lined with trees when first built, although many avenues have lost their trees to make way for overhead wiring, parking or to allow light into properties. Boulevard A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America , any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district. Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following
462-803: The western part of the city, separated from the eastern "Streets" by a "Central Avenue". Similarly, "the avenues" in San Francisco, California refers to the Richmond District and the Sunset District , the two neighborhoods on the Pacific coast, north and south of Golden Gate Park , respectively. In Anglophone urban or suburban settings, "avenue" is one of the usual suite of words used in street names, along with "boulevard", "circle", "court", "drive", "lane", "place", "road", "street", "terrace", "way", "gate" and so on, any of which may carry connotations as to
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#1732845558962484-448: The widening and modernization of rural roads and are the subject of dispute between conservationists and traffic safety requirements. To enhance the approach to mansions or manor houses , avenues were planted along the entrance drive. Sometimes the avenues are in double rows on each side of a road. Trees preferred for avenues were selected for their height and speed of growth, such as poplar , beech , lime , and horse chestnut . In
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