59-640: The Arizona RoadRunners are a professional baseball team based out of Yuma, Arizona and are currently a member of the American Division of the Arizona Winter League , a short-season developmental program run by the North American League . They are owned by Diamond Sports & Entertainment and they played games at Desert Sun Stadium in Yuma, Arizona since 2011. The team name once belonged to
118-660: A Japanese baseball team, the Yakult Swallows , used the field for spring training from 1995 to 2015. Many local club sports exist in the area as well, including the Yuma Sidewinders Rugby Football Club. The rugby team participates in the Division III Arizona Men's Rugby league , and travels throughout Arizona, California and Nevada, as well as playing home games in Yuma. The city of Yuma operates as
177-604: A charter city under the Charter of the City of Yuma. The elected government of the city is the City Council which follows the mayor–council government system and whose members include: The Mayor of the City of Yuma acts as the chief executive officer of the city, and is elected for a period of four years. The mayor is elected from the city at large. The mayor has the following powers and responsibilities: act as an ex officio chairman of
236-465: A family was $ 41,588. Males had a median income of $ 35,440 versus $ 27,035 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,393. About 14.1% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over. High unemployment remains an issue in Yuma. Citing April 2014 data, the Bureau of Labor Statistics ranked Yuma as having
295-460: A hurricane had hit near Yuma was in mid-August 1977, when similar rainfalls were recorded. Snow in Yuma has only been recorded on December 12, 1932, when a light coating of snow covered the city for the first and only time in its history. A few flakes fell in January 1937 and December 1967, mixed with rain. Yuma first appeared on the 1860 U.S. Census as the village of "Arizonia" (Arizona City) in what
354-565: A track running from the dock to a storehouse. The depot quartered up to 900 mules and crews of teamsters to handle them. The Southern Pacific Railroad reached Yuma in 1877. There was little need for the Quartermaster Depot and Fort Yuma, and they were abandoned on May 16, 1883. The reservation was transferred to the Interior Department on July 22, 1884. The Fort Yuma Indian School opened in 1884, operated by Presbyterians. In 1886,
413-569: Is also the Yuma Proving Ground , an Army base that tests new military equipment. Yuma Proving Ground is also home to the Special Operations Free Fall School, which provides training in free-fall parachute operations to Special Forces units in all branches of service, as well as those of other nations. The Colorado River runs along the north and west side of town, serving as the border between Arizona and California. Yuma
472-553: Is an important station for trucking industry movement of goods between California, Arizona and Mexico. The Rialto movie theater once owned a Kilgen pipe organ, one of the most expensive pipe organs to have been made. Originally played as accompaniment to silent films, it has been moved to the Yuma Theatre. Every February residents and visitors enjoy the annual rodeo, the Yuma Jaycees Silver Spur Rodeo. A parade opens
531-462: Is noted for its weather extremes. Of any populated place in the contiguous United States, Yuma is the driest, the sunniest, and the least humid, has the lowest frequency of precipitation, and has the highest number of sunny days per year—175—with a daily maximum temperature of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher. Yuma features a hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ), with extremely hot summers and warm winters. Atmospheric humidity
590-728: Is the August 2022 Primary for the three city council seats that are currently held by Watts, Knight, and McClendon. Former Deputy Mayor Karen Watts announced her bid for Mayor in 2022. Fort Yuma Fort Yuma was a fort in California located in Imperial County , across the Colorado River from Yuma, Arizona . It was Established in 1848. It served as a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route from 1858 until 1861. The fort
649-499: Is usually very low, except during what are called " Gulf surges ", when a maritime tropical air mass from the Gulf of California is drawn northward, usually in connection with the summer monsoon or the passage of a tropical storm to the south. The sun is said to shine during about 90% of the daylight hours, making Yuma one of the sunniest places in the world. The city receives the most recorded mean sunshine of anywhere on Earth, although
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#1732854651749708-599: Is vested with all powers of legislation in municipal affairs. The council is composed of six council members elected from the city at large for four-year terms, as well as the Mayor of Yuma. A deputy mayor is also elected by the Council who shall act as Mayor during the temporary absence of the mayor. Karen Watts became the most recent Deputy Mayor in 2020. The current council members are Gary Knight, Leslie McClendon, Chris Morris, Ema Lea Shoop, Mike Shelton, and Karen Watts. The next election
767-485: The 2010 census , there were 93,064 people. There were 38,626 housing units in Yuma city, 79.5% of which were occupied housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 37.9% White , 2.7% Black or African American , 1.1% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , and 1.6% from two or more races. 54.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the 2000 census , there were 77,515 people, 26,649 households, and 19,613 families residing in
826-741: The Butterfield Overland Mail had a stagecoach station near the fort, that was subsequently used by other stage lines until the advent of the railroad in 1877. During the American Civil War , the Union retained control of Fort Yuma when the First California Infantry replaced Regular Army soldiers sent East in December 1861. The southern half of New Mexico Territory seceded, becoming the Confederate Territory of Arizona until 1862 when
885-635: The California Column marching from Fort Yuma expelled the Confederacy, marching as far as western Texas . In 1863 the Union established their control of the region as the Arizona Territory . Fort Yuma served as the supply point for the Union garrisons there. There was no battle action at the fort since the western United States was far removed from the Civil War. Fort Yuma was closely associated with
944-620: The Gila River 's confluence with the Colorado . The city is approximately 60 miles (100 km) from the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), a branch of the Pacific . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 106.7 square miles (276 km ), of which 106.6 square miles (276 km ) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) (0.07%) is water. Yuma
1003-571: The Indian War period . A six-month supply of clothing, food, ammunition, and other goods was stored at the depot at all times. Supplies were brought from California by ocean vessels traveling around the Baja Peninsula to Port Isabel near the mouth of the Colorado River. There, cargos were transferred to river steamers and brought upstream to Yuma. Supplies were unloaded at the depot and hauled up
1062-572: The Marine Corps Air Station . Yuma is in the state's southwestern corner, in the Sonoran Desert , Yuma Desert sub-region. The area's first settlers for thousands of years were Native American cultures and historic tribes. Their descendants now occupy the Cocopah and Quechan reservations . In 1540, Spanish colonial expeditions under Hernando de Alarcón and Melchior Díaz visited
1121-777: The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet took over operations of the school. Fort Yuma is now part of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation . Numerous historic buildings remain from the military period in the Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites in the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area . The Yuma Territorial Prison and Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Parks are in Arizona with buildings preserved or reconstructed, and with museums. The Yuma Proving Ground
1180-602: The St. George RoadRunners of the Golden Baseball League (which has since been absorbed into the new North American League ). The GBL RoadRunners played for four seasons from 2007 to 2010, before ownership, financial and stadium issues forced the team to fold after the 2010 season. It is now shared with the newest NAL franchise, the Henderson RoadRunners from Henderson, Nevada . The Arizona RoadRunners were added to
1239-537: The Yuma Quartermaster Depot on the Arizona side of the river, which provided military supplies and personnel to posts throughout Arizona and New Mexico. The Quartermaster Depot operated between 1864 and 1891, though the Army terminated most operations there eight years earlier. The depot was used by the Army to store and distribute supplies for all military posts in Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico and Texas during
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#17328546517491298-577: The "Iceberg Drop". Yuma has a soccer-specific stadium, Desert Sun Stadium , which hosted Frontera United of the United Premier Soccer League from 2015 to 2017. Previously a baseball facility, Desert Sun Stadium was home to the Yuma Desert Rats of the North American League and site of home games of four teams for the Arizona Winter League . The San Diego Padres used the field as a spring training facility from 1969 until 1993 and
1357-687: The AWL along with the Long Beach Armada and Team Mexico with the Sonora Pilots returning to the league. The AWL consists of some teams formerly identified as GBL franchises. They now play in the American Division along with the Blythe Heat , Long Beach Armada , Somerton Stingers and Yuma Scorpions . Arizona Winter League: Yuma, Arizona Yuma is a city in and the county seat of Yuma County, Arizona , United States. The city's population
1416-730: The City of Yuma. The Yuma Visitors' Bureau oversees the Welcome Center at the Quartermaster Depot and is the official visitors' center for the Yuma Community. Near Yuma are the Kofa Mountain Range and wildlife refuge, Martinez and Mittry Lakes, and the Algodones Dunes . The city is the location of the Marine Corps Air Station Yuma , which conducts an annual air show and many large-scale military exercises. There
1475-474: The Colorado's west bank. This site had been occupied by Camp Calhoun, named for Senator John C. Calhoun . It was established on October 2, 1849, by 1st Lieutenant Cave J. Couts , 1st Dragoons, for the boundary survey party led by 2nd Lieutenant Amiel W. Whipple , Corps of Topographical Engineers. A ferry service, maintained by the soldiers for the survey party's convenience, also accommodated emigrants. Fort Yuma
1534-420: The age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27. In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under
1593-404: The age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males. According to the 2006 American Community Survey estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $ 39,885, and the median income for
1652-547: The area and immediately recognized the natural crossing of the Colorado River as an ideal spot for a city. The Colorado River narrows to slightly under 1,000 feet (300 m) wide in one area. Military expeditions that crossed the Colorado River at the Yuma Crossing include Juan Bautista de Anza (1774), the Mormon Battalion (1848) and the California Column (1862). During and after the California Gold Rush to
1711-452: The cargo from ships at the mouth of the Colorado River at Robinson's Landing and from 1864 at Port Isabel . From 1864, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot , today a state historic park, supplied all forts in present-day Arizona, as well as large parts of Colorado and New Mexico. After Arizona became a separate territory, Yuma became the county seat for Yuma County in 1871, replacing La Paz , the first seat. The Southern Pacific Railroad bridged
1770-407: The city council (ensuring all ordinances thereof are enforced), call and preside over meetings, administer oaths and issue proclamations. The mayor is also recognized as the official head of the city by the courts and has the power to take command of the police and govern the city by proclamation during times of great danger. The City of Yuma City Council is the governing body of the City of Yuma and
1829-516: The city. The population density was 726.8 inhabitants per square mile (280.6/km ). There were 34,475 housing units at an average density of 323.3 per square mile (124.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 47.5% White , 2.9% Black or African American , 1.0% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.1% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. 45.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 26,649 households, out of which 38.8% had children under
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1888-464: The end of the Mexican–American War (1848), the fort was originally located in the bottoms near the Colorado River , less than a mile below the mouth of the Gila River . It was constructed to defend the newly settled community of Yuma, New Mexico Territory , located on the other side of the Colorado River, and the nearby Mexican border. In March 1851 the post was moved to a small elevation on
1947-474: The equipment used by the United States tends to provide higher sunshine estimates than the traditional Campbell–Stokes recorder . On average, Yuma receives 3.36 inches (85 mm) of rain annually. Even in the wettest year of 2005, only 7.39 in (188 mm) fell. The driest year at Yuma Airport was 2007, with only 0.15 in (3.8 mm) recorded. On average, the wettest months of the year are during
2006-455: The events. Cowboys and cowgirls from all over the country compete in the festivities. The Yuma County Fair takes place annually in the spring at the fairgrounds in Yuma. On New Year's Eve 2018, the town of Yuma dropped a head of iceberg lettuce from the town's water tower, to symbolize the beginning of the new year, much like the ball drop in New York City's Times Square . This is known as
2065-490: The fort and later settlements on the Colorado River in this way until the arrival of the railroad in 1877. Only one military action occurred at the fort when Yuman warriors surrounded it during the Yuma War , temporarily trapping the future general Thomas William Sweeny and a few others. The action was led by Matthew P. Coltrain. He was awarded a Medal of Honor and a statue in remembrance of his heroic actions. From 1858 to 1861
2124-537: The highest unemployment rate in the United States at 23.8 percent, above the 21.6 percent in El Centro, California . Yuma's agricultural workforce, which adjusts to the picking season, is cited by the Arizona Department of Commerce as the reason for the apparent high unemployment. The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has the highest unemployment rate in the United States as of 2018 at 20.9%. A large percentage of
2183-768: The historical Yuma Territorial Prison , the Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Park (formerly known as the Yuma Crossing Historic Park), and a historic downtown area. Yuma is an Arizona Main Street City. Because of budget cutbacks at the state level, Arizona State Parks no longer operates the Territorial Prison and Quartermaster Depot. They are now operated by the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area and
2242-576: The jurisdiction of California. The county of San Diego collected taxes from there for many years. From 1853 a smaller settlement, Arizona City , grew up on the high ground across from the fort and was organized under the name of its post office in 1858. It had adobe dwellings, two stores and two saloons. Colorado City and Jaeger City were almost completely destroyed by the Great Flood of 1862 and had to be rebuilt on higher ground. At that time Colorado City became part of Arizona City, later on taking
2301-595: The late 1870s, the Yuma Crossing was known for its ferry crossings for the Southern Emigrant Trail . This was considered the gateway to California, as it was one of the few natural spots where travelers could cross the otherwise very wide Colorado River. Following the United States establishing Fort Yuma , two towns developed one mile downriver. The one on the California side was called Jaeger City , named after
2360-589: The monsoon months of August and September, and December, when moisture from winter storms arrives from the Pacific Ocean. June is the driest month, with drought virtually absolute. In 1995, Yuma recorded its all-time high temperature of 124 °F (51 °C). The lowest recorded temperature was in the Yuma-Mesa area in January 2007. The temperature fell to 21 °F (−6 °C) for approximately two hours, harming many crops grown in and around Yuma. Citrus suffered
2419-497: The most, particularly the lemon crop. According to an Arizona Department of Agriculture report in February 2007, there was a 75% to 95% loss of crop and trees. On average (according to the 1991-2020 climate period), the temperature reaches freezing point in one year in fifteen, and there are 117 days per year during which the temperature reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C), usually from April through October. During July and August,
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2478-458: The name Yuma in 1873. From 1854, Colorado City was the major steamboat stop for traffic up and down the Colorado River. After the 1862 flood, it became part of Arizona City. The steamboats transported passengers and equipment for the various mines and military outposts along the Colorado; Colorado City was the terminus of wagon traffic up the Gila River into New Mexico Territory. They offloaded
2537-412: The owner of Jaeger's Ferry, which crossed the river there. It was for a time the larger of the two, with the Butterfield Overland Mail office and station, two blacksmiths, a hotel, two stores, and other dwellings. The other was called Colorado City . Developed on the south side of the river in what is now Arizona by speculator Charles Poston , it was the site of the custom house . When started, it
2596-402: The population. Of the 39,210 households, 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 6.8% were couples cohabitating, 17.4% had a male householder with no partner present, and 27.6% had a female householder with no partner present. The median household size
2655-652: The post during its early years. Food supplies and construction materials were shipped by water from San Diego, California , around the Baja Peninsula and up the Gulf of California to the mouth of the Colorado River at the Colorado River Delta in Mexico . The work of transferring the goods to wagons at that point and hauling them across the Yuma Desert and Yuha Desert to Yuma was rigorous and time-consuming. Life at
2714-457: The post was harsh and the military's resolve to maintain a garrison here vacillated. Only after August 1852 did the temporary Camp Yuma became permanent Fort Yuma, and the Army resolved to stay for good. In November 1852 a steamboat, Uncle Sam was launched and in December began carrying a cargo up the Colorado River from Robinson's Landing it arrived at Fort Yuma and delivered thirty-two tons of goods on December 3. Steamboats continued to supply
2773-405: The river in 1877, and acquired George Alonzo Johnson 's Colorado Steam Navigation Company , the only steamboat company on the river. Yuma became the new base of navigation on the river, ending the need for Port Isabel, which was abandoned in 1879. The warehouses and shipyard there were moved to Yuma. Yuma is near the borders of California to the west and Mexico to the south, and just west of
2832-430: The temperature fails to reach 100 °F (38 °C) on only one and two days on average, respectively. In 1997, the desert city sustained a full tropical storm after Hurricane Nora made landfall at the mouth of the Colorado River and quickly moved due north along it. This rare event cut power to 12,000 customers in Yuma, and dropped 3.59 inches (91 mm) of rain at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma . The last time
2891-550: The work force is employed seasonally in agriculture, contributing to apparent unemployment. Yuma is colloquially referred to as the "Winter Lettuce Capital of the World". According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , the top employers in the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2018 were: Other large employers include Bose , Dole Fresh Vegetables and Shaw Industries . Yuma contains
2950-425: The year." Anywhere from 70,000 to over 85,000 out-of-state visitors make Yuma their winter residence. Yuma's weather also makes it an agricultural powerhouse, growing over 175 types of crops, the largest of which is lettuce. Yuma County provides 90% of all leafy vegetables grown from November to March in the United States. Yuma is also known for its large military population due to several military bases, including
3009-584: Was $ 31,467. Out of the 96,149 people with a determined poverty status, 9.8% were below the poverty line . Further, 10.5% of minors and 11.6% of seniors were below the poverty line. In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of English descent made up 5.6% of the population of the town, followed by German at 5.0%, American at 3.4%, Irish at 3.1%, Sub-Saharan African at 1.4%, Swedish at 1.4%, Italian at 1.3%, French at 0.9%, Norwegian at 0.7%, Scottish at 0.6%, and Scotch-Irish at 0.5%. As of
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#17328546517493068-405: Was 2.45 and the median family size was 2.96. The age distribution was 26.3% under 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.6 years. The median income for a household was $ 58,043, with family households having a median income of $ 65,926 and non-family households $ 32,347. The per capita income
3127-423: Was 813.9 inhabitants per square mile (314.2/km ). There were 45,408 housing units at an average density of 375.2 per square mile (144.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 39.7% White, 27.9% some other race, 2.4% Black or African American, 1.5% Asian, and 0.8% Native American or Alaskan Native, with 27.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 66.5% of
3186-486: Was 95,548 at the 2020 census , up from the 2010 census population of 93,064. Yuma is the principal city of the Yuma, Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Yuma County. According to the United States Census Bureau , the 2020 estimated population of the Yuma MSA is 203,247. According to Guinness World Records , Yuma is the "Sunniest City on Earth," promising "sunshine and warm weather at least 91% of
3245-454: Was changed to Camp Yuma . A year later the post was designated Fort Yuma . In June 1851 the Army virtually abandoned the post because of the high costs incurred in maintaining it, and it was completely abandoned on December 6, 1851, when its commissary was practically empty of provisions. The post, however, was reoccupied by Captain Heintzelman on February 29, 1852. It was difficult to supply
3304-471: Was established during the Yuma War to protect the southern emigrant travel route to California and to attempt control of the territorial Quechan , or Yumans, in their homeland, the surrounding 100-mile (160 km) area. Established by Captain Samuel P. Heintzelman , 2nd Infantry Regiment , the fort was originally named 'Camp Independence.' In March 1851, when the post was moved to its permanent site, its name
3363-636: Was just north of the border between Mexican-ruled Sonora, Mexico and California. After the Gadsden Purchase by the United States, the town bordered on the Territory of New Mexico . This area was designated as the Territory of Arizona in 1863. The Colorado City site at the time was duly registered in San Diego ; both banks of the Colorado River just below its confluence with the Gila were recognized as being within
3422-478: Was retired from active military service on May 16, 1883, and transferred to the Department of the Interior . The Fort Yuma Indian School and the Saint Thomas Yuma Indian Mission now occupy the site. It is one of the "associated sites" listed as Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites on the National Register of Historic Places in the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area . In addition, it is registered as California Historical Landmark #806. First established after
3481-418: Was then Arizona County, New Mexico Territory (see Arizona City (Yuma, Arizona) for details). It returned as Arizona City in 1870 and then became Yuma in 1873. On April 12, 1902, the village of Yuma was incorporated as a town. It formally incorporated as a city on April 7, 1914. As of the 2022 American Community Survey estimates, there were 98,517 people and 39,210 households. The population density
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