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58-529: (Redirected from Aonach Tailteann ) Tailteann Games or Aonach Tailteann may refer to: Tailteann Games (ancient) sporting and religious festival in Gaelic Ireland Tailteann Games (Irish Free State) held 1924–32 Tailteann Games, Athletics Ireland schools' inter-provincial championships, held since 1963 See also [ edit ] Tailteann (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

116-530: A meritocracy , the games would also feature a mass arranged marriage , where couples met for the first time and were given up to a year and a day to divorce on the hills of separation. In later medieval times, the games were revived and called the Tailten Fair, consisting of contests of strength and skill, horse races, religious celebrations, and a traditional time for couples to contract " handfasting " trial marriages. "Taillten marriages" were legal up until

174-414: A referee ) will also watch the jump and make the determination. In recent times, laser sensors and high-speed cameras have replaced the plasticine at elite competitions (like Diamond League meetings). The competitor can initiate the jump from any point behind the foul line; however, the distance measured will always be perpendicular to the foul line to the nearest break in the sand caused by any part of

232-512: A skamma ("dug-up" area). The idea that this was a pit full of sand is wrong. Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention. The skamma was simply a temporary area dug up for that occasion and not something that remained over time. The long jump was considered one of the most difficult of the events held at the Games since a great deal of skill was required. Music was often played during the jump and Philostratus says that pipes at times would accompany

290-447: A GAA stadium in Navan , County Meath, also takes its name from the games. See Annals of Inisfallen Long jump The long jump is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a takeoff point. Along with the triple jump , the two events that measure jumping for distance as a group are referred to as

348-417: A bent position. This additional extension increases the impulse at takeoff. The sprint takeoff is the style most widely instructed by coaching staff. This is a classic single-arm action that resembles a jumper in full stride. It is an efficient takeoff style for maintaining velocity through takeoff. The "correct" style of takeoff will vary from athlete to athlete. There are three major flight techniques for

406-456: A braking effect, which decreases velocity and strains the joints. Jumping off the toes decreases stability, putting the leg at risk of buckling or collapsing from underneath the jumper. While concentrating on foot placement, the athlete must also work to maintain proper body position, keeping the torso upright and moving the hips forward and up to achieve the maximum distance from board contact to foot release. There are four main styles of takeoff:

464-415: A jump of 7.05 m ( 23 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in). There has been some argument by modern scholars over the long jump. Some have attempted to recreate it as a triple jump . The images provide the only evidence for the action so it is more well received that it was much like today's long jump. The main reason some want to call it a triple jump is the presence of a source that claims there once

522-435: A mechanical equilibrium that counterbalances the initial rotational impulses triggered upon liftoff. By implementing this methodological approach, athletes can harness the principles of biomechanics to optimize their jumping performance, enhancing stability, control, and overall efficiency in their aerial endeavors. This nuanced understanding underscores the intricate interplay between physics and human kinetics , illuminating

580-630: A record jump not exceeded for almost 23 years, and which remains the second longest wind legal jump of all time; it has now stood as the Olympic record for over 56 years. On 30 August 1991, Mike Powell of the United States set the current men's world record at the World Championships in Tokyo . It was in a dramatic showdown against Carl Lewis who also surpassed Beamon's record that day, but his jump

638-771: A universal truce by the Ollamh Érenn, giving out laws to the people via bards and druids and culminating in the igniting of another massive fire. The custom of rejoicing after a funeral was then enshrined in the Cuiteach Fuait , games of mental and physical ability. Games included the long jump , high jump , running, hurling , spear throwing, boxing , contests in swordfighting , archery , wrestling , swimming , and chariot and horse racing . They also included competitions in strategy , singing , dancing and story-telling , along with crafts competitions for goldsmiths , jewellers , weavers and armourers . Along with ensuring

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696-413: A wooden or synthetic board, 20 centimetres or 8 inches wide, that is built flush with the runway, into a pit filled with soft damp sand. If the competitor starts the leap with any part of the foot past the foul line, the jump is declared a foul and no distance is recorded. To detect this occurrence, a layer of plasticine is placed at a 90° angle immediately after the board. An official (similar to

754-529: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tailteann Games (ancient) There is a complex of ancient earthworks dating to the Iron Age in the area of Teltown where the festival was historically known to be celebrated off and on from medieval times into the modern era . The games were founded, according to the Book of Invasions , by Lugh Lámhfhada ,

812-496: Is held in order to select at least 12 finalists. Ties and automatic qualifying distances are potential factors. In the final, a set of trial round jumps will be held, with the best eight performers advancing to the final rounds. (For specific rules and regulations in United States Track & Field see Rule 185) For record purposes, the maximum accepted wind assistance is two metres per second (4.5 mph). The long jump

870-407: Is longer than the previous ones and than the final one before takeoff. The competitor begins to lower his or her center of gravity to prepare the body for the vertical impulse. The last step is shorter because the body is beginning to raise the center of gravity in preparation for takeoff. The last two steps are extremely important because they determine the velocity at which the competitor will enter

928-413: Is meticulously crafted to minimize rotational forces. By maximizing the distance between both the arm and leg extremities and the hips—the theoretical center of mass—the rotational inertia is significantly increased. Leveraging the principle that longer levers rotate at a slower pace than shorter ones, this configuration facilitates a controlled and stable aerial trajectory. As the free leg descends to meet

986-440: Is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted jumps (equal or superior to 8.53 m). Only best assisted mark that is superior to legal best is shown: Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 distances and the top 25 athletes :    Light Yellow: denotes top performance for athletes in the top 25 distances    White: denotes lesser performances, still in

1044-457: Is the only known jumping event of ancient Greece's original Olympics' pentathlon events. All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare. The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines. After investigating the surviving depictions of the ancient event it is believed that unlike

1102-522: The Ollamh Érenn (master craftsman or doctor of the sciences), as a mourning ceremony for the death of his foster-mother Tailtiu . Lugh buried Tailtiu underneath a mound in an area that took her name and was later called Tailteann in County Meath . The event was held during the last fortnight of July and culminated with the celebration of Lughnasadh , or Lammas Eve (1 August). Modern folklore claims that

1160-419: The "horizontal jumps". This event has a history in the ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympic event for men since the first Olympics in 1896 and for women since 1948. At the elite level, competitors run down a runway (usually coated with the same rubberized surface as running tracks, crumb rubber or vulcanized rubber , known generally as an all-weather track ) and jump as far as they can from

1218-700: The 13th century. This trial marriage practice is documented in the fourth and fifth volumes of the Brehon law texts, which are compilations of the opinions and judgements of the Brehon class of Druids (in this case, Irish). The texts as a whole deal with copious detail for the Insular Celts. From the late nineteenth century, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and others in the Gaelic revival contemplated reviving

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1276-408: The 1970s, some jumpers used a forward somersault, including Tuariki Delamere who used it at the 1974 NCAA Championships, and who matched the jump of the then Olympic champion Randy Williams . The somersault jump has potential to produce longer jumps than other techniques because in the flip, no power is lost countering forward momentum, and it reduces wind resistance in the air. The front flip jump

1334-834: The Olympics in Paris and Amsterdam. The Games' main backer, minister J. J. Walsh , lost office when Fianna Fáil took power after the 1932 election , and public funding was cut. The 1932 games were on a smaller scale against a background of the Great Depression and the Anglo-Irish Trade War , and no further games were held. Jack Fitzsimons suggested reviving the Tailteann Games in a 1985 Seanad Éireann debate on tourism in Ireland . The Rás Tailteann ("Tailteann race") cycling race

1392-548: The Tailteann Games . The GAA's 1888 championships of football and of hurling were unfinished owing to the American Invasion Tour , an unsuccessful attempt to raise funds for a revival. The Second Dáil approved a scheme in 1922, and after a delay caused by the Irish Civil War the first was held in 1924. Open to foreigners of Irish heritage, the first games of 1924 and 1928 attracted some competitors fresh from

1450-509: The Tailteann Games started around 1600 BC, with some sources claiming as far back as 1829 BC. Promotional literature for the Gaelic Athletic Association revival of the games in 1924 claimed a later date of their foundation in 632 BC. The games were known to have been held between the 6th and 9th centuries AD. The games were held until 1169–1171 AD when they died out after the Norman invasion . The ancient Aonach had three functions: honoring

1508-408: The approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum controlled speed at takeoff. The most important factor for the distance travelled by an object is its velocity at takeoff – both the speed and angle. Elite jumpers usually leave the ground at an angle of 20° or less; therefore, it is more beneficial for a jumper to focus on the speed component of the jump. The greater the speed at takeoff, the longer

1566-450: The best mark counts towards the results. The competitor with the longest valid jump (from either the trial or final rounds) is declared the winner at the end of competition. In the event of an exact tie, then comparing the next best jumps of the tied competitors will be used to determine place. In a large, multi-day elite competition (like the Olympics or World Championships ), a qualification

1624-416: The body or uniform. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the competitor to get as close to the foul line as possible. Competitors are allowed to place two marks along the side of the runway in order to assist them to jump accurately. At a lesser meet and facilities, the plasticine will likely not exist, the runway might be a different surface or jumpers may initiate their jump from a painted or taped mark on

1682-453: The dead, proclaiming laws , and funeral games and festivities to entertain. The first function took between one and three days depending on the importance of the deceased. Guests would sing mourning chants called the Guba , after which druids would improvise Cepógs , songs in memory of the dead. The dead would then be burnt on a funeral pyre . The second function would then be carried out during

1740-402: The distance measured. For example, if an athlete lands feet first but falls back because they are not correctly balanced, a lower distance will be measured. Following the pivotal takeoff phase, the jumper executes a deliberate maneuver wherein the free leg descends until it aligns directly beneath the hips. This strategic positioning, characterized by an elongated and streamlined body silhouette,

1798-417: The double-arm style, the kick style, the power sprint or bounding takeoff, and the sprint takeoff. The double-arm style of takeoff works by moving both arms in a vertical direction as the competitor takes off. This produces a high hip height and a large vertical impulse. The kick style takeoff is where the athlete actively cycles the leg before a full impulse has been directed into the board then landing into

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1856-407: The duration of the jump. Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward, increasing his distance. The jump itself was made from the bater ("that which is trod upon"). It was most likely a simple board placed on the stadium track which was removed after the event. The jumpers would land in what was called

1914-405: The forward rotation momentum experienced during the jump. Characterized by a deliberate and synchronized motion of the arms and legs, this cycling maneuver is strategically devised to offset the rotational forces generated at the moment of takeoff. Central to the efficacy of this technique is its capacity to orchestrate secondary rotations of both the upper and lower extremities, thereby fostering

1972-419: The jump so as to provide a rhythm for the complex movements of the halteres by the athlete. Philostratus is quoted as saying, "The rules regard jumping as the most difficult of the competitions, and they allow the jumper to be given advantages in rhythm by the use of the flute, and in weight by the use of the halter." Most notable in the ancient sport was a man called Chionis , who in the 656 BC Olympics staged

2030-400: The jump. The objective of the takeoff is to create a vertical impulse through the athlete's center of gravity while maintaining balance and control. This phase is one of the most technical parts of the long jump. Jumpers must be conscious to place the foot flat on the ground, because jumping off either the heels or the toes negatively affects the jump. Taking off from the board heel-first has

2088-410: The jumper enhanced control and poise amidst the dynamic forces encountered in flight. In the realm of athletic performance, particularly in the domain of jumping techniques, a prevalent strategy observed among practitioners involves the utilization of a single-step arm and leg cycle. This technique, ingrained within the repertoire of many athletes, serves a fundamental purpose: to mitigate and alleviate

2146-401: The jumper's experience, sprinting technique, and conditioning level. Consistency in the approach is important as it is the competitor's objective to get as close to the front of the takeoff board as possible without crossing the line with any part of the foot. The objective of the last two steps is to prepare the body for takeoff while conserving as much speed as possible. The penultimate step

2204-462: The landing posture. However, despite its utility in expediting the landing process, this technique fails to mitigate the inherent forward rotational momentum of the body effectively. Consequently, while advantageous for its simplicity and expedited landing preparation, the sail technique lacks the requisite mechanisms to adequately counteract excessive forward rotation, posing a notable limitation to its effectiveness in optimizing jump performance. In

2262-461: The long jump: the approach run, the last two strides, takeoff, action in the air, and landing. Speed in the run-up, or approach, and a high leap off the board are the fundamentals of success. Because speed is such an important factor of the approach, it is not surprising that many long jumpers also compete successfully in sprints. Classic examples of this long jump / sprint doubling are performances by Carl Lewis and Heike Drechsler . The objective of

2320-429: The long jump: the hang, the hitch-kick, and the sail. Each technique is to combat the forward rotation experienced from take-off but is basically down to preference from the athlete. Once the body is airborne, there is nothing that the athlete can do to change the direction they are traveling and consequently where they are going to land in the pit. However, certain techniques influence an athlete's landing, which can affect

2378-415: The modern event, athletes were only allowed a short running start. The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called halteres (between 1 and 4.5 kg). These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It was commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in midair to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout

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2436-402: The name "Junior Tailteann Games". Athletics Ireland continues to use the name "Tailteann Games" for its annual schools inter- provincial championships. also independently the tailteann games are an inter- gaeltacht event that includes other activities. The Gaelic Athletic Association 's (GAA) Tailteann Cup , established in 2022, takes its name from the ancient games. Páirc Tailteann ,

2494-442: The pit. This requires great strength in the hamstrings. This causes the jumper to jump to large distances. The power sprint takeoff, or bounding takeoff, is one of the more common elite styles. Very similar to the sprint style, the body resembles a sprinter in full stride. However, there is one major difference. The arm that pushes back on takeoff (the arm on the side of the takeoff leg) fully extends backward, rather than remaining at

2552-529: The record was tied and three when it was improved upon twice in the same competition. The current women's world record is held by Galina Chistyakova of the former Soviet Union who leapt 7.52 m (24 ft 8 in) in Leningrad on 11 June 1988, a mark that has now stood for over 36 years. Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 distances and the top 25 athletes :    Light Yellow: denotes top performance for athletes in

2610-412: The runway. At a smaller meet, the number of attempts might also be limited to four or three. Each competitor has a set number of attempts. That would normally be three trials, with three additional jumps being awarded to the best eight or nine (depending on the number of lanes on the track at that facility, so the event is equatable to track events) competitors. All valid attempts will be recorded but only

2668-427: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tailteann Games . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tailteann_Games&oldid=1088190451 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2726-475: The sophisticated strategies employed by athletes to excel in their athletic pursuits. The "sail technique" represents a fundamental long jump approach widely employed by athletes in competitive settings. Following the culmination of the takeoff phase, practitioners swiftly elevate their legs into a configuration aimed at touching the toes. This maneuver serves as an entry-level strategy particularly beneficial for novice jumpers, facilitating an early transition into

2784-408: The takeoff leg, forming an angle of 180° relative to the ground, a symmetrical alignment is achieved with both knees positioned directly beneath the hips. This alignment marks the apex of stability during the airborne phase, as minimal rotational tendencies are manifested. This aerodynamically advantageous posture, colloquially termed the "180° position", epitomizes the pinnacle of equilibrium, affording

2842-420: The top 25 distances    White: denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 distances , by repeat athletes    Green: denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 distances Performances by disabled athletes that would qualify for the all-time top 25: Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second

2900-410: The top 25 distances , by repeat athletes    Green: denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 distances Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted jumps (equal or superior to 7.17 m). Only best assisted mark that is superior to legal best

2958-425: The trajectory of the center of mass will be. The importance of takeoff speed is a factor in the success of sprinters in this event. The length of the approach is usually consistent distance for an athlete. Approaches can vary between 12 and 19 steps on the novice and intermediate levels, while at the elite level they are closer to between 20 and 22 steps. The exact distance and number of steps in an approach depends on

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3016-480: The wind exceeding the maximum allowed. This jump remains the longest ever not to win an Olympic or World Championship gold medal, or any competition in general. The women's world record has seen more consistent improvement, though the current record has stood longer than any other long jump world record by men or women. The longest to hold the record prior was by Fanny Blankers-Koen during World War II , who held it for over 10 years. There have been four occasions when

3074-547: Was wind-assisted (and thus not legal for record purposes). Powell's record of 8.95 m ( 29 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) has now stood for over 33 years. Some jumps over 8.95 m ( 29 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) have been officially recorded. Wind-assisted 8.99 m ( 29 ft 5 + 3 ⁄ 4  in) were recorded by Powell at high altitude in Sestriere in 1992. A potential world record of 8.96 m ( 29 ft 4 + 3 ⁄ 4  in)

3132-529: Was a fifty-five ancient foot jump done by a man named Phayllos. The long jump has been part of modern Olympic competition since the inception of the Games in 1896. In 1914, Dr. Harry Eaton Stewart recommended the "running broad jump" as a standardized track and field event for women. However, it was not until 1948 that the women's long jump was added to the Olympic athletics programme . There are five main components of

3190-579: Was broken in 1921, the record changed hands five times until Jesse Owens set the mark of 8.13 m (26 ft 8 in) at the 1935 Big Ten track meet in Ann Arbor, Michigan, a record that was not broken for over 25 years, until 1960 by Ralph Boston . Boston improved upon it and exchanged records with Igor Ter-Ovanesyan three times over the next seven years. At the 1968 Summer Olympics , Bob Beamon jumped 8.90 m ( 29 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) at an altitude of 2,292 m (7,520 ft),

3248-716: Was founded in 1953 by the National Cycling Association (NCA), in opposition to the Tour of Ireland organised by the rival Cumann Rothaíochta na hÉireann (CRÉ). Cycling Ireland , the merged successor to both the NCA and CRÉ, still organises the Rás Tailteann annually, but it is usually known as "the [sponsor] Rás", or simply "the Rás". The Irish Secondary Schools Athletic Association organised annual national championships from 1963 under

3306-499: Was recorded by Iván Pedroso also in Sestriere. Despite a "legal" wind reading, the jump was not validated because videotape revealed a person standing in front of the wind gauge, invalidating the reading (and costing Pedroso a Ferrari valued at $ 130,000—the prize for breaking the record at that meet). As mentioned above, Lewis jumped 8.91 m ( 29 ft 2 + 3 ⁄ 4  in) moments before Powell's record-breaking jump with

3364-564: Was subsequently banned for fear that it was unsafe. The men's long jump world record has been held by just four individuals for the majority of time since the IAAF started to ratify records. The first mark recognized by the IAAF in 1912, the 7.61 m ( 24 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) performance by Peter O'Connor in August 1901, stood just short of 20 years (nine years as an IAAF record). After it

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