Abnormality (or dysfunctional behavior or maladaptive behavior or deviant behavior ) is a behavioral characteristic assigned to those with conditions that are regarded as dysfunctional. Behavior is considered to be abnormal when it is atypical or out of the ordinary, consists of undesirable behavior, and results in impairment in the individual's functioning. As applied to humans, abnormality may also encompass deviance , which refers to behavior that is considered to transgress social norms . The definition of abnormal behavior in humans is an often debated issue in abnormal psychology .
31-488: Not to be confused with Abnormality (behavior) . [REDACTED] Look up anomaly or anomalous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anomaly may refer to: Science [ edit ] Natural [ edit ] Anomaly (natural sciences) Atmospheric anomaly Geophysical anomaly Medical [ edit ] Congenital anomaly (birth defect),
62-583: A 2003 novel by Joey Goebel Anomaly (series) , a 2013 trilogy by Krista McGee Anomaly (graphic novel) , by Brian Haberlin The Anomaly (novel) , by French author Hervé Le Tellier Music [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Anomaly (Ace Frehley album) (2009) Anomalies (album) (2005), by Cephalic Carnage Anomaly (The Hiatus album) (2010) Anomaly (Lecrae album) (2014) Anomalies, Vol. 1 (2010), by Cave In Songs [ edit ] " Anna Molly " (a word play on
93-499: A cause of "significant distress". A mental disorder describes a patient who has a medical condition whereby the medical practitioner makes a judgment that the patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Thus, simply because a behavior is unusual it does not make it abnormal; it is only considered abnormal if it meets these criteria. The DSM-5
124-713: A chiral current Gauge anomaly , the effect of quantum mechanics that invalidates the gauge symmetry of a quantum field theory Global anomaly , in quantum physics Gravitational anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics that invalidates the general covariance of some theories of general relativity Konishi anomaly , the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations Mixed anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics Parity anomaly , associated with parity Astronomy [ edit ] In astronomy, an anomaly of an elliptical orbit, generally measured with respect to an apsis , usually
155-561: A disorder present at birth Physical anomaly , a deformation of an anatomical structure Congenital vertebral anomaly , any of several malformations of the spine Collie eye anomaly , eye disease of dogs Coronary artery anomaly , a congenital abnormality in the heart Ebstein's anomaly , a congenital heart defect Uhl anomaly , a congenital heart disease affecting the myocardial muscle Vaginal anomalies Biology [ edit ] See also: List of congenital disorders and List of genetic disorders Anomalous ,
186-630: A rift in the space-time continuum in the television series Futurama Anomaly, any shortcut to hyperspace travel in Robert Heinlein's novels of the 1950s, today called wormholes "Anomaly" ( Star Trek: Enterprise ) , a 2003 episode of Star Trek: Enterprise The Anomaly , a 2014 film Anomaly (comics) , a villain in DC Comics Anomaly (Primeval) , a time portal in the TV series Primeval Spatial anomaly , an extraordinary disruption in
217-511: A species of moth in the Noctuid family Chromosome anomaly , a disorder caused by a structural error in a chromosome or an atypical number of chromosomes Genetic anomaly , a disorder caused by mutation Teratology , the study of developmental anomalies Physics [ edit ] Anomalous diffusion , the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration Anomalous dispersion (optics), when
248-420: Is given by: and The second equation is established using the relationship which implies that sin E = ± y / b . The equation sin E = − y / b is immediately able to be ruled out since it traverses the ellipse in the wrong direction. It can also be noted that the second equation can be viewed as coming from a similar triangle with its opposite side having
279-492: Is often subjective and what is considered abnormal changes over time. For example, before 1974, homosexuality was considered to be a mental disorder in the DSM . After activist movements and examination within the APA, it was replaced with sexual orientation disturbance, then eventually completely removed from the DSM. Now, the APA and the medical community consider homosexuality normal when it
310-535: Is out of the ordinary is not necessarily indicative of a mental or psychological disorder . Abnormal behavior, on the other hand, while not a mental disorder in itself, is often an indicator of a possible mental and/or psychological disorder. A psychological disorder is defined as an "ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and is considered deviant in that person's culture or society". Abnormal behavior, as it relates to psychological disorders, would be "ongoing" and
341-405: Is some debate among professionals as to what constitutes abnormal behavior. In general, abnormal behavior is often classified under one of the "four D's," which are deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger. The four D's, as well as the criterion mentioned above, are widely used to diagnose behavior as abnormal. However, the labeling of behaviors as abnormal can be controversial because abnormality
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#1732855335709372-423: Is that of mental illness or mental disorder. Determination of abnormality in behavior is based upon medical diagnosis . Other criteria include: A common approach to defining abnormality is a multi-criteria approach, where all definitions of abnormality are used to determine whether an individual's behavior is abnormal. For example, psychologists would be prepared to define an individual's behavior as "abnormal" if
403-405: Is the semi-minor axis. For a point on the ellipse, P = P ( x , y ), representing the position of an orbiting body in an elliptical orbit, the eccentric anomaly is the angle E in the figure. The eccentric anomaly E is one of the angles of a right triangle with one vertex at the center of the ellipse, its adjacent side lying on the major axis, having hypotenuse a (equal to
434-695: Is used by both researchers and clinicians in diagnosing a potential mental disorder. The criteria needed to be met in the DSM-5 vary for each mental disorder. Unlike physical abnormalities in one's health where symptoms are objective, psychology health professionals cannot use objective symptoms when evaluating someone for abnormalities in behavior. There are five main criteria of abnormality. They are: Abnormal behaviors are "actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior". The following criteria are subjective: The standard criteria in psychology and psychiatry
465-400: The eccentric anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body that is moving along an elliptic Kepler orbit . The eccentric anomaly is one of three angular parameters ("anomalies") that define a position along an orbit, the other two being the true anomaly and the mean anomaly . Consider the ellipse with equation given by: where a is the semi-major axis and b
496-410: The semi-major axis of the ellipse), and opposite side (perpendicular to the major axis and touching the point P′ on the auxiliary circle of radius a ) that passes through the point P . The eccentric anomaly is measured in the same direction as the true anomaly, shown in the figure as θ {\displaystyle \theta } . The eccentric anomaly E in terms of these coordinates
527-409: The behavior is dysfunctional or undesirable, however--it may simply mean that what is being observed is statistically deviant in a social or cultural context. In fact, deviance can often be positive and accepted by others. This is commonly seen in individuals such as Nobel Prize winners, geniuses, professional athletes, and extremely creative people. Eccentric anomaly In orbital mechanics ,
558-672: The correct quadrant for E is given by the signs of numerator and denominator, so that E can be most easily found using an atan2 function. Angle E is therefore the adjacent angle of a right triangle with hypotenuse 1 + e cos f , {\displaystyle \;1+e\cos f\;,} adjacent side e + cos f , {\displaystyle \;e+\cos f\;,} and opposite side 1 − e 2 sin f . {\displaystyle \;{\sqrt {\,1-e^{2}\;}}\,\sin f\;.} Also, Substituting cos E as found above into
589-455: The eccentric anomaly can be determined from the true anomaly as shown next. The true anomaly is the angle labeled θ {\displaystyle \theta } in the figure, located at the focus of the ellipse. It is sometimes represented by f or v . The true anomaly and the eccentric anomaly are related as follows. Using the formula for r above, the sine and cosine of E are found in terms of f : Hence, where
620-417: The expression for r , the radial distance from the focal point to the point P , can be found in terms of the true anomaly as well: where is called "the semi-latus rectum" in classical geometry. The eccentric anomaly E is related to the mean anomaly M by Kepler's equation : This equation does not have a closed-form solution for E given M . It is usually solved by numerical methods , e.g.
651-525: The following criteria are met: A good example of an abnormal behavior assessed by a multi-criteria approach is depression : it is commonly seen as a deviation from ideal mental stability, it often stops the individual from 'functioning' in normal life, and, although it is a relatively common mental disorder, it is still statistically infrequent. Most people do not experience significant major depressive disorder in their lifetime. Thus, depression and its associated behaviors would be considered abnormal. There
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#1732855335709682-453: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anomaly&oldid=1191587813 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Abnormality (behavior) Abnormal behavior should not be confused with unusual behavior. Behavior that
713-591: The other, relevant data Anomaly in software , any condition that deviates from expectation Business [ edit ] Market anomaly , a distortion in prices in a financial market Anomaly (advertising agency) , a marketing communications agency based in New York Other uses [ edit ] Anomalistics , the study of scientific anomalies Insult , "Blake you are such an anomaly" Ararat anomaly , an object on Mount Ararat in Turkey claimed to be
744-466: The periapsis Anomalous precession , another term for "apsidal precession" Eccentric anomaly , an intermediate value used to compute the position of a celestial object as a function of time Flyby anomaly , an unexpected energy increase during the flybys of the Earth by various satellites Mean anomaly , a measure of time in the study of orbital dynamics Pioneer anomaly , the observed deviation of
775-477: The remains of Noah's Ark Irregular (disambiguation) Outlier All pages with titles beginning with Anomaly All pages with titles containing Anomaly All pages with titles beginning with Anomalous All pages with titles containing Anomalous Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anomaly . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
806-399: The same length y as the distance from P to the major axis, and its hypotenuse b equal to the semi-minor axis of the ellipse. The eccentricity e is defined as: From Pythagoras's theorem applied to the triangle with r (a distance FP ) as hypotenuse: Thus, the radius (distance from the focus to point P ) is related to the eccentric anomaly by the formula With this result
837-663: The space-time continuum in the Star Trek universe The Fortean anomaly , in the work of Charles Fort The Tycho Magnetic Anomaly (TMA) on the Moon in the novel and in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey by Sir Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick Entities in the SCP universe, often referred to as "anomalies" Video games [ edit ] Anomaly: Warzone Earth , a real time strategy video game Anomaly Korea Anomaly 2 Publications [ edit ] The Anomalies ,
868-416: The speed of an electromagnetic wave increases with increasing frequency Anomalon , a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section Anomaly (physics) , a failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action Conformal anomaly , a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory Chiral anomaly , an anomalous nonconservation of
899-417: The trajectories of some uncrewed space probes, and especially Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 South Atlantic Anomaly , an area where the Earth's inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth's surface True anomaly , the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit Arts and media [ edit ] Fictional entities [ edit ] Anomaly,
930-438: The word "anomaly"), by Incubus "Anomaly", a 2004 song by Psyopus from the album Ideas of Reference "An Anomaly", a 2007 song by It Prevails from the album The Inspiration "The Anomaly", a 2011 song by Scar Symmetry from the album The Unseen Empire "Anomaly", a 2012 song by KB from the album Weight & Glory Technology [ edit ] Anomaly detection , the process of detecting anomalies from
961-400: Was formerly considered abnormal. Social constructs and culture are often determiners of what is abnormal and what is abnormal. Additionally, abnormality in behavior does not necessarily indicate dysfunction. For example, one of the four D's of abnormal behavior is deviance, meaning that the behavior observed is not in alignment with what is the social or cultural norm. This may not imply that