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32-665: Annia may refer to: Annia gens , an ancient Roman clan Any Roman woman of the gens ( see for list ), including: Paculla Annia , a priestess involved in the suppression of the Bacchanalia in 186 BC Via Annia , a Roman road in Cisalpine Gaul named for a member of the gens Annia Annia (insect) , a disused synonym for a genus of praying mantises See also [ edit ] Annius (disambiguation) Anna (disambiguation) Annaea gens Anneia Topics referred to by

64-571: A Roman senator named Annius is recorded a generation later. The main families of the Annii at Rome used the praenomina Titus , Marcus , Lucius , and Gaius . Other names occur infrequently, although in imperial times several of the Annii used Appius , an otherwise uncommon praenomen chiefly associated with the Claudii . A number of Annii during the Republic bore no cognomen . The main family of

96-553: A cognomen of the Annii, was in fact a separate gens, although Cicero refers to a Gaius Annius Bellienus ; it is not certain which of the Bellieni mentioned below actually belong to the Annia gens. Claudia gens Plebeian Claudii are found fairly early in Rome's history. Some may have been descended from members of the family who had passed over to the plebeians, while others were probably

128-508: A series of childhood parental names: "atta, tata, acca," and the like, becoming such names as Tatius (also Sabine) and Atilius . During the late Republic and early Empire, the Claudii Nerones, who gave rise to the Imperial family, adopted the praenomen Decimus , seldom used by any patrician family. Subsequently they began to exchange traditional praenomina for names that first entered

160-456: A single noble-minded one. In all ages it distinguished itself alike by a spirit of haughty defiance, by disdain for the laws, and iron hardness of heart. During the Republic, no patrician Claudius adopted a member of another gens; the emperor Claudius was the first who broke this custom, by adopting Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, afterwards the emperor Nero . According to legend, the first of

192-455: Is "strong and sturdy." It may be the same as the Umbrian praenomen Nerius . This family was distinguished throughout the latter Republic, and gave rise to several of the early emperors, including Tiberius , Claudius , and Nero . An oddity of the names by which these emperors are known today is that several of their ancestors bore the name Tiberius Claudius Nero ; of three emperors belonging to

224-515: Is a Sabine word becoming clod- in Latin. The name could have come from Greek settlers in Latium, but there is no evidence in favor of this hypothesis. The early Claudii favored the praenomina Appius , Gaius , and Publius . These names were used by the patrician Claudii throughout their history. Tiberius was used by the family of the Claudii Nerones, while Marcus , although used occasionally by

256-453: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Annia gens The gens Annia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome . Livy mentions a Lucius Annius , praetor of the Roman colony of Setia , in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this gens held various positions of authority from the time of

288-557: Is no tradition that any of the early Claudii were lame, the nomen might refer to some ancestor of Attius Clausus. It could also have been metaphorical, or ironic, and the possibility remains that this derivation is erroneous. The metathesis of Clausus into Claudius , and its common by-form, Clodius , involves the alternation of 'o' and 'au', which seems to have been common in words of Sabine origin. The alternation of 's' and 'd' occurs in words borrowed from Greek: Latin rosa from Greek rhodon ; but in this instance clausus or *closus

320-463: Is said to have referred to these traditions in a speech made before the senate , in which he argued in favor of admitting Gauls to that body. "My ancestors, the most ancient of whom was made at once a citizen and a noble of Rome, encourage me to govern by the same policy of transferring to this city all conspicuous merit, wherever found." By imperial times, the influence of the Claudii was so great that

352-612: The Latin Appius Claudius , was enrolled among the patricians, and given a seat in the Senate , quickly becoming one of its most influential members. His descendants were granted a burial site at the foot of the Capitoline Hill , and his followers allotted land on the far side of the Anio , where they formed the core of what became the " Old Claudian " tribe. The emperor Claudius

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384-523: The Second Punic War , and Titus Annius Luscus attained the consulship in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the Empire itself; Marcus Aurelius was descended from this family. The Annii claimed a descent from the goddess Anna Perenna , the sister of Dido , portrayed on the coins of Gaius Annius Luscus. The nomen Annius was classified by Chase as one of Picentine origin, while

416-511: The Annii was surnamed Luscus , "bleary-eyed" or, "one-eyed". One member of this family bore the additional surname Rufus , probably in reference to his red hair. A variety of surnames were borne by individual Annii, including Asellus , a diminutive of asinus , a donkey; Bassus , stout; Cimber , one of the Cimbri ; Faustus , fortunate; Gallus , a Gaul or cockerel; and Pollio , a polisher. Bellienus or Billienus , sometimes described as

448-610: The Claudii was a Sabine , by the name of Attius Clausus , who came to Rome with his retainers in 504 BC, the sixth year of the Republic . At this time, the fledgling Republic was engaged in regular warfare with the Sabines, and Clausus is said to have been the leader of a faction seeking to end the conflict. When his efforts failed, he defected to the Romans, bringing with him no fewer than five hundred men able to bear arms, according to Dionysius . Clausus, who exchanged his Sabine name for

480-612: The Roman Republic was fought. The same cognomen was borne by a family of the Postumii , although in this instance the surname is supposed to have been derived from the Battle of Lake Regillus , in which the victorious Roman general was the dictator Aulus Postumius Albus . Crassus , sometimes given as the diminutive Crassinus , was a common surname usually translated as "thick, solid," or "dull". This cognomen succeeded that of Sabinus as

512-481: The descendants of freedmen of the gens. In the later Republic, one of its patrician members voluntarily converted to plebeian status and adopted the spelling " Clodius ". In his life of the emperor Tiberius , who was a scion of the Claudii, the historian Suetonius gives a summary of the gens, and says, "as time went on it was honoured with twenty-eight consulships, five dictatorships, seven censorships, six triumphs, and two ovations." Writing several decades after

544-443: The earliest patrician Claudii, was favored by the plebeian branches of the family. According to Suetonius, the gens avoided the praenomen Lucius because two early members with this name had brought dishonor upon the family, one having been convicted of highway robbery, and the other of murder. However, the name was used by at least one branch of the Claudii in the final century of the Republic, including one who, as Rex Sacrorum ,

576-399: The fall of the so-called " Julio-Claudian dynasty ", Suetonius took care to mention both the good and wicked deeds attributed to members of the family. The patrician Claudii were noted for their pride and arrogance, and intense hatred of the commonalty. In his History of Rome, Niebuhr writes, That house during the course of centuries produced several very eminent, few great men; hardly

608-412: The family as cognomina, such as Nero , Drusus , and Germanicus . The patrician Claudii bore various surnames, including Caecus , Caudex , Centho , Crassus , Nero , Pulcher , Regillensis , and Sabinus . The latter two, though applicable to all of the gens, were seldom used when there was a more definite cognomen. A few of the patrician Claudii are mentioned without any surname. The surnames of

640-548: The first of the Annii appearing in history (in 340 BC) was praetor of Setia , originally a Volscian town, captured by the Romans in 382 BC. Both the Picentes and the Volsci spoke Umbrian languages , so it may be that Annius was a member of an old Volscian family, rather than one of the Latin colonists, on whose behalf he spoke. It seems the gens acquired the citizenship soon after, since

672-567: The name was used by plebeian families such as the Junii and the Annii . Thus, it seems more accurate to say that the Claudii were the only patrician family at Rome known to have used Appius . As for its Sabine equivalent, Attius has been the subject of much discussion by philologists. The form Attus is mentioned by Valerius Maximus , who connected it with the bucolic Greek name Atys. Braasch translated it as Väterchen , "little father," and connected it with

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704-464: The plebeian Claudii bore the surname Marcellus , which is a diminutive of the praenomen Marcus . They gained everlasting fame from the exploits of Marcus Claudius Marcellus , one of Rome's finest generals, and a towering figure of the Second Punic War , who was five times consul, and won the spolia opima , defeating and killing the Gallic king, Viridomarus , in single combat. Most of those who used

736-414: The plebeian Claudii were Asellus , Canina , Centumalus , Cicero , Flamen , Glaber , and Marcellus . The earliest Claudii bore the surname Sabinus , a common surname usually referring to a Sabine, or someone of Sabine descent, which according to all tradition, the Claudii were. This cognomen was first adopted by Appius Claudius, the founder of the gens, and was retained by his descendants, until it

768-419: The poet Virgil flattered them by a deliberate anachronism. In his Aeneid , he makes Attius Clausus a contemporary of Aeneas , to whose side he rallies with a host of quirites , or spearmen. The nomen Claudius , originally Clausus , is usually said to be derived from the Latin adjective claudus , meaning "lame". As a cognomen , Claudus is occasionally found in other gentes. However, since there

800-447: The same family, one is known by a praenomen, one by a nomen, and one by a cognomen. Some members of the imperial family adopted the fashion of wearing their hair short at the sides and front but long in the back, over the nape of the neck. Describing the appearance of Tiberius, Suetonius calls it a family trait. This style visible on some busts of Tiberius and Caligula , his grandnephew and successor. The most illustrious family of

832-407: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Annia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annia&oldid=1128909220 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

864-562: The spelling Clodius were descended from plebeian members of the gens, but one family by this name was a cadet branch of the patrician Claudii Pulchri, which voluntarily went over to the plebeians, and used the spelling Clodius to differentiate themselves from their patrician relatives. Caecus , the surname of one of the Claudii Crassi, refers to the condition of his blindness, which is well-attested, although it appears that he did not become blind until his old age. Caecus' initial cognomen

896-459: The surname of the main family of the Claudia gens. It was borne by members of the family from the fifth to the third century BC. The other main families of the patrician Claudii were descended from Appius Claudius Caecus , the last recorded member of the Claudii Crassi, who gave a different cognomen to each of his four sons: Russus (or Rufus ), Pulcher, Cento or Centho , and Nero . Pulcher ,

928-440: The surname of the next major branch of the Claudia gens, means beautiful , although it may be that the cognomen was given ironically. The Claudii Pulchri were an extensive family, which supplied the Republic with several consuls, and survived into imperial times. The other main branch of the patrician Claudii bore the surname Nero , originally a Sabine praenomen described as meaning, fortis ac strenuus , which roughly translated

960-504: Was Crassus. According to one legend, he was struck blind by the gods during his censorship , after inducing the ancient family of the Potitii to teach the sacred rites of Hercules to the public slaves. The Potitii themselves were said to have perished as a result of this sacrilege. However, Claudius was relatively young at the time of his censorship in 312 BC, and was elected consul sixteen years later, in 296. Caecus' brother, who shared

992-521: Was certainly patrician. To these names, the plebeian Claudii added Quintus and Sextus , though Elizabeth Rawson has argued that Quintus was acceptable among the Pulchri as well. The praenomen Appius is often said to have been unique to the Claudii, and nothing more than a Latinization of the Sabine Attius . But in fact there are other figures in Roman history named "Appius", and in later times

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1024-403: Was replaced by Crassus . Regillensis or Inregillensis , a surname of the earliest Claudii, is said to be derived from the town of Regillum , a Sabine settlement, where Appius Claudius lived with his family and retainers before coming to Rome. Its exact location is unknown, but it must have been in the vicinity of Lake Regillus, where one of the most important battles in the early history of

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