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35-584: The Anaang were formerly located in the former Abak and Ikot Ekpene Divisions of the Anaang Province, as well as part of the former Opobo Division of Uyo Province, in the former Eastern Region of Nigeria . The proper name for the Ika of Akwa Ibom is Ika-Annang . The predominant paternal haplogroup among the Anaang is E1b1a1-M2 . The ancestors of the Anaang originally came from Northeast Africa and moved around

70-600: A history and reputation for fearlessness and the ability of villages and clans to bind together to fight a common enemy. This is perhaps why they were able to thrive living so close to the Aro Confederacy 's center, Arochukwu with its famed Ibini Ukpabi oracle. A particular interesting war group, or "Warrior cult", was the famous Oko warriors. This war group was highly functional in the 1950s. These warriors were considered invulnerable to penetration of knives, spears, and arrows. In various instances sharp machetes were tested on

105-622: A liberated slave named Ebengo who hailed from Nkwot in Abak . Ebengo was captured and sold to the Portuguese but was subsequently freed by a British warship and later settled in Waterloo, Sierra Leone . The British soldiers listed the languages spoken by the slaves in that captured ship as "Anaang". The second mention is a description of what is known as the Ikot Udo Obong Wars. The British described

140-619: A similar clan/community structure. Very little was written about the Anaang people before the mid-19th century. Early European traders who arrived in the Cross River territories referred to groups who lived outside of the coastal areas as residents of Egbo-Sharry Country. The first written mention of the Anaangs is in Sigismund Koelle 's account of liberated slaves in Sierra Leone . He mentioned

175-422: Is 0 feet (0 meters) above sea level, has a tropical monsoon climate (Am classification). The district's annual temperature is 28.5 °C (83.3 °F), which is -0.96% lower than the national average for Nigeria . Abak usually experiences 294.64 wet days per year, or 342.88 millimetres (13.5 inches), or an average of 13.5 inches of precipitation per year. Abak became the seat of Government in 1902 after

210-414: Is a rural settlement of Akwa Ibom State and was one of the larger population concentrations in the now defunct South Eastern Nigeria . Now smaller, it is about 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of the regional center of Abak . The people of Ikot Okoro have been clamoring for the creation of a local Government area (LGA) from the present day Oruk Anam LGA. Oruk Anam LGA incidentally happens to be one of

245-532: Is a town and Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State , Nigeria . The LGA was previously part of Cross River State . It was later subdivided into other local government areas such as Oruk Anam , Etim Ekpo , Ukanafun and Ika . Notable tribes include the Annang . Abak consists of five clans: Abak Urban, Afaha Obong, Ediene, Midim and Otoro. The major economic activities of the people of this area before and after

280-426: Is highly desirable, especially among the leaders. The American anthropologist, Peter Farb , stated that the name "Anaang" among this group means "they who speak well". An individual who has the gift of eloquent speech is often complimented as Akwo Anaang , meaning the "Man of Anaang". The fattening room is traditionally where virgin adolescent girls were fattened up in preparation for marriage. A fattening room girl

315-615: Is home to a general hospital (Ikot Okoro General Hospital), magistrate court, police station, and post office. At the height of Ikot Okoro's prosperity, traders called the Umannis from the east of Nigeria, notably those from Arochukwu in Abia State settled there. present day Ikot Okoro has a high school / comprehensive secondary school and two primary schools. It is connected to the National grid and has effective telecommunication reception from any of

350-423: Is known as a mbobo . This was an occasion for a major village celebration. As part of her preparation for marriage the girl was also instructed on how to be a wife. She would spend her time in the room naked so that her fattening could be observed, and would sleep on a bamboo bed which was thought to fatten her up. It was also meant to make it more possible for her to conceive easily. This use for fertility purposes

385-478: Is typically based upon a consensus of the village or clan through this complex social system. In all this, Anang women are not completely subordinate to men. Instead Anaang women are partners and leaders in many aspects of Anaang tradition, including serving as female chief priests "Abia Iyong" in the Iyong cult or as healers in the healing cults. The first-born female known as Aliaha is important and commands respect in

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420-481: The Annang language and perform a masquerade after the yam harvest to mark the visit of ancestral spirits, or ekpo . This is also the name of a men's associations that once had great influence among Ibibio groups. The Anang carve masks with grotesque features, known as iliok , which are considered dangerous and may only be viewed by members of the ekpo . Other masks embody the beautiful spirit, or mfon . The strength of any individual, family (or group for that matter)

455-952: The Green Sahara . The gradual movement of the Proto Anaang to the Cross River Region may have been associated with the expansion of Sahel agriculture in the African Neolithic period, following the desiccation of the Sahara in c. 3500 BCE . According to oral tradition , the Abiakpo came to the northern range of Anaang from Eka Abiakpo. They were quickly followed by the Ukana clan, the Utu, Ekpu, Ebom and Nyama (the British lumped these groups together and gave them

490-609: The Nigerian Civil War was palm produce exported through river port at Ekpene Okpo , Ntak Ibesit , a distance of about 8 km from Abak town. Abak town, the local government headquarters is located about 18 kilometres from Uyo , the State capital. It has a landmass of 304 square kilometers. Abak to say the least, is the shadow of its former self due to politically motivated neglect by successive governments in Akwa Ibom state . Abak

525-626: The Twi of Ghana , where the name Anaang means "fourth son". From Ghana, the group moved eastward into present-day Cameroon . It was in the Cameroon highlands that the group broke off but later reached the same territory in Coastal Southeastern Nigeria . Lineages were recognized and the groups organized into clans , based on old family origins known as Iman. Their northern neighbors, the Igbo , have

560-670: The " abie " or clan. This is in many ways similar to the system used by other south-eastern Nigerian peoples but more centralized. Although leadership at the family, village, or clan level remains the prerogative of the men, lineage ties extends to women even after marriage. This is because the Anaang society was originally semi-matrilineal, just like a few other societies in Eastern Nigeria such as The Abiriba, Afikpo, and Ugep. There are many societies and associations ( Ulim also called "udim") for men and women which are very important in traditional village life. Individuals are measured by both

595-629: The Anaang witnessed attacks by wild animals. As the men went to fight in World War II these attacks intensified. The British authorities called the attacks murder and blamed it on "the barbarism of the Africans". The Anaang were accused of belonging to a secret society called Ekpeowo ( The Human Leopards Society ). It has been argued that killings born out of insurgency against the British elsewhere in Africa led to

630-556: The Nigerian federation . Abak's rich cultural heritage is reflected through traditional dances such as Ekpe, Ekpo, Idiongitals , etc., though majority are of the Christian faith. Despite the advent of Western civilization and religion, there are some cultural institutions that still exist, such as Ekpo , Ekpe , Idiong , Attat Utu-Ekpe, Nnabō. These were powerful instruments of traditional governance before they lost their relevance in

665-566: The arrival of the Europeans. The political capital of the Anaang people is Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area. A brother/sister from the same Ilip, literally translated as "womb" means that they can trace their origin to the same mother or father. Those who can so trace their ancestry to the same parents form Ufok (literally a house or compound). Several ufoks make up Ekpuks or extended family and several Ekpuks (extended families) make up "Ilung" (meaning village) and several villages make up

700-630: The biggest LGA in Nigeria and as such grassroots development have not been felt in most part of the LGA especially in Ikot Okoro. It is noteworthy to state that successive administrations in the past have neglected this once prosperous and dynamic area. It is the belief of the general population that once the actualization of the Annang State or ITAI state is achieved, Ikot Okoro will reclaim its lost glory. Ikot Okoro

735-517: The body parts of members. The Anaangs suffered genocide during the Nigerian Civil War . The war lasted for three years (1967–1970) and the Anaang lost a significant number of its people. The effect of the war and the resulting neglect of the Anaang is now a serious political discuss. The Anaang people homeland is located in Akwa Ibom State , Southern Nigeria . The Annangs have lived in the Southeastern, coastal parts of Nigeria for centuries before

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770-661: The branding of leopard attacks as murders by the British authorities among the Anaang. Between 1945 and 1948 about 196 people were killed in Ikot Okoro community in the present-day Oruk Anam LGA; the Ikot Okoro Police station was set up because of this reason. The British convicted 96 people and executed 77 innocent people. The Anaang religion called Idiong was banned and the priests arrested. Articles and worship materials were publicly burnt and those who did not convert to Christianity automatically became suspects. The Anaangs have

805-401: The civil war, Abak Division was the major producer of palm oil and kernel exported through river ports at Ntak Ibesit and Ikot Okoro. Abak has natural resources which include, rich mineral deposits such as sand, gravel , clay, salt and crude oil (corked). It is situated in the tropical rain forest that supplies abundant palm produce, cassava and various vegetables . Abak, which

840-442: The family and lineage. Some traditions hold that a woman's first birth should take place in her mother's compound. Women's organizations such as "abi-de" and "Nyaama", and "Isong Iban" play important roles in giving the women voice and status in society. There are no traditional or cultural barriers that prevent women from attaining high offices or positions. Anaangs value the ability to speak well and oratory ability using proverbs

875-551: The killings of the Anaangs by King Jaja of Opobo as a punishment for defying his orders and trading in palm oil directly with the British merchants instead of going through him as a middleman. In the war that ensued, the British intervened and with the help of the Anaangs, they captured King Jaja and exiled him to the West Indies . The British established a military post at Ikot Ekpene in 1904. Following British colonialism and with changes and ban in ancient hunting practices,

910-421: The language (Idem & Udondata, 2001). Overseas diaspora: Numbers from zero to twelve: The Annang people have different delicacies such as Afang Soup, Alitan Soup, Okro Soup (Afere nkolo), Abak Atama, White Soup (Affia Efere), Asa Iwa, Ekpang Nkwukwor and many other delicacies which one can enjoy during vacation. [REDACTED] Media related to Anang people at Wikimedia Commons Abak Abak

945-531: The mid-nineteenth century with the arrival of European missionaries . Males 73,578, females 65,512, for a total of 139,090 according to 2006 National Census . Private area-driven cordiality foundations like inns, stops, gardens and clubs. The Abak people are blessed with natural resources as sand , gravel , clay , salt and crude oil (corked). it can be found at the tropical rain forest which provides palm produce, cassava and various vegetables for their people. Ikot Okoro Ikot Okoro

980-517: The name Otoro), and other Anaang clans. The Anaang and the entire people of Akwa Ibom and Cross River states of Nigeria (AkwaCross people) have occupied their land in coastal Southeastern Nigeria for thousands of years. The group is related to the Efik people . It is believed that the Anaang people originated from Egypt and began their migration from Egypt before settling in present-day Akwa-Ibom , Nigeria . Before their current settlement, they lived among

1015-500: The newly established entity. The seat of Government kept growing until 1957 and 1958 when it gained the status of Divisional Council Headquarters . At the establishment, the area included the present Ukanafun, Oruk Anam , Etim Ekpo, Ika and the present Abak. All the places mentioned here have been developed to become full-fledged local government areas. At the end of the civil war, the South Eastern State Government

1050-628: The number and types of memberships in Ulim and by the achievements of one or more Ulims . Governance is done by elderly males who act as the legislative arm called Afe Ichong, directed by the Abong Ichong (Village Chief and Clan Chief) who is the head and the chief executive but without the authority beyond what the Afe Ichong gives. A chief can be appointed by the Afe or can be an inherited office. The Anang speak

1085-505: The war conquest of the British armed forces that invaded the valley lying between the Ediene and Abak Clans. The outcome of that victory penetration into the hinterland by the colonial soldiers and eventual installation of the government. Valley in the local language is called "Aba-ag" and fighting is "Anwan." By joining the two words "Aba-ag" and "Anwan" the name "Aba-ag Ikot Anwan" was given to

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1120-587: The wireless telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The slight relief that Ikot Okoro has today is a road construction that runs from Ikot Ntuen through Asanga to Urua Atim, IKOT OKORO which makes it possible for commercial activities to commence once again after almost 40 years of neglect due to ethnic politics that played out in Akwa Ibom State after the civil war. 04°54′N 07°43′E  /  4.900°N 7.717°E  / 4.900; 7.717 This Akwa Ibom State , Nigeria location article

1155-492: Was also used at time for infertile wives and as a prerequisite for entrance into secret societies. The Annang language is also mutually intelligible to speakers of Ibibio , Efik , Oron , Eket (also known as Ekid ) of the Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar Kingdom). Though the Anaang speech pattern was not written down, linguists have now produced an orthography of the language which makes it possible to produce written materials in

1190-484: Was created and Abak became one of the Development Administrative Headquarters with the local government reforms of 1976, Abak became a full-fledged Local Government Area and has remained so till date. The people are generally from the Annang ethnic group . They are reputed for their resourcefulness and highly mobilized for economic development and political integration within the State and

1225-614: Was the economic hub of the former Southeastern Nigeria before the civil war. The Nigerian Army barrack that is popularly known as Ibagwa Barrack is located or can be found in the Abak. The Ime Umana Campus of the University of Uyo which accommodates the Pre-Degree, JUPEB and other special courses is located in Ediene Abak, Abak The major economic activities of the people are palm produce . Before

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