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51-706: The Andrews County Veteran Memorial is a memorial in Andrews, Texas which was created in 2006 as a tribute to those Andrews County residents who have served in the United States' armed forces . On entering the Andrews County Veterans Memorial, one can see fifteen engraved granite tablets. Each tablet is three feet wide and six feet tall, and weighs 2000 pounds. The tablets were built and installed by Sadler & Son Monument Works of Hobbs, New Mexico. The names of 2600 veterans from Andrews County are engraved on

102-490: A $ 20 million performance center at the high school in 2008. The high school started issuing laptop computers to each student in 2012. The elementary and middle-school campuses also began to issue iPad tablets to all students. Students are allowed to take the devices home, but must return them at the end of the school year. Due to increased enrollments, several construction projects began construction in 2013. New classrooms were added to all school campuses. A $ 53-million bond

153-466: A 0.2-mile trail alongside ponds with an overlook deck, benches, and an observation binocular stand. To attract events to the community, the county funded and built ACE Arena (a multipurpose arena), which opened in March 2007. A smaller outdoor arena was also constructed in 2012 adjacent to the indoor arena. The city approved a $ 2 million water park to replace the former city pool in 2013. The city relocated

204-581: A 14,000-acre (57 km ) site in Andrews County on the border with New Mexico. The company was awarded a license to dispose of radioactive waste by the TCEQ in 2009. The permit allows for disposal of radioactive materials such as uranium, plutonium and thorium from commercial power plants, academic institutions, and medical schools. The company finished construction on the project in 2011 and started disposing of waste in 2012. Two radioactive waste landfills are at

255-481: A carbon-copy manner with little success. This isomorphic mimicry –adopting organizational forms that have been successful elsewhere but that only hide institutional dysfunction without solving it on the home country –can contribute to getting countries stuck in 'capability traps' where the country does not advance in its development goals. An example of this can be seen through some of the criticisms of foreign aid and its success rate at helping countries develop. Beyond

306-512: A community or region". Daphne Greenwood and Richard Holt distinguish economic development from economic growth on the basis that economic development is a "broadly based and sustainable increase in the overall standard of living for individuals within a community", and measures of growth such as per capita income do not necessarily correlate with improvements in quality of life. The United Nations Development Programme in 1997 defined development as increasing people‟s choices. Choices depend on

357-520: A historic home to property adjacent to the Andrews County Veterans Memorial in 2013, and a plan was approved in 2019 that was to transform the home into a museum. A memorial to first responders and other additions are planned as part of the Legacy Park development. U.S. Highway 385 (north–south), State Highway 115 (east–west), and State Highway 176 (east–west) pass through Andrews. Economic development The term has been used frequently in

408-409: A household in the city was $ 32,774, and for a family was $ 36,172. Males had a median income of $ 31,527 versus $ 22,266 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,101. About 15.3% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over. Andrews is a city built on oil and soil . After the first oil well

459-675: A major contributor to development economics , asserted that economic development grew to concentrate on the poor regions of the world , primarily in Africa , Asia and Latin America yet on the outpouring of fundamental ideas and models. It has also been argued, notably by Asian and European proponents of infrastructure-based development , that systematic, long-term government investments in transportation , housing , education , and healthcare are necessary to ensure sustainable economic growth in emerging countries. During Robert McNamara's 13 years at

510-421: A panel dataset for each 50 states with unemployment, labor force participation by race, and annual labor market statistics. In addition, for contractionary monetary policy, they utilize the federal funds rate, the short-term interest rates charged to banks. Seguino and Heintz Seguino concludes that the impact of a one percentage point increase in the federal funds rate relative to white and black women's unemployment

561-587: A professional industry of highly specialized practitioners. The practitioners have two key roles: one is to provide leadership in policy-making , and the other is to administer policy, programs, and projects. Economic development practitioners generally work in public offices on the state, regional, or municipal level, or in public-private partnerships organizations that may be partially funded by local, regional, state, or federal tax money. These economic development organizations function as individual entities and in some cases as departments of local governments. Their role

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612-486: A significant amount of revenue from this source are less accountable to their citizens (they are more autonomous) as they have less pressure to legitimately use those resources. Just as it has been documented for countries with an abundant supply of natural resources such as oil, countries whose government budget consists largely of foreign aid donations and not regular taxes are less likely to have incentives to develop effective public institutions. This in turn can undermine

663-546: A significant indicator of a country's economic advancement: this perspective is illustrated notably through the Basic Rail Transportation Infrastructure Index (known as BRTI Index) and related models such as the (Modified) Rail Transportation Infrastructure Index (RTI). In an effort to create an indicator that would help measure gender equality , the United Nations has created two measures:

714-465: Is 0.015 and 0.043, respectively One growing understanding in economic development is the promotion of regional clusters and a thriving metropolitan economy . In today's global landscape, location is vitally important and becomes a key in competitive advantage . International trade and exchange rates are key issues in economic development. Currencies are often either under-valued or over-valued , resulting in trade surpluses or deficits. Furthermore,

765-812: Is a policy intervention aiming to improve the well-being of people, economic growth is a phenomenon of market productivity and increases in GDP ; economist Amartya Sen describes economic growth as but "one aspect of the process of economic development". The precise definition of economic development has been contested: while economists in the 20th century viewed development primarily in terms of economic growth , sociologists instead emphasized broader processes of change and modernization . Development and urban studies scholar Karl Seidman summarizes economic development as "a process of creating and utilizing physical, human, financial, and social assets to generate improved and broadly shared economic well-being and quality of life for

816-532: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Andrews, Texas Andrews is the county seat of Andrews County in the Permian Basin of West Texas . Andrews sits to the far southwest within the Texas Panhandle 's plains, about 30 miles east of New Mexico. Andrews was incorporated on February 2, 1937. Both the city and county were named for Richard Andrews , the first Texan soldier to die in

867-400: Is important to not expect that particular economic development programs be able to fix many problems at once as that would be establishing unsurmountable goals for them that are highly unlikely they can achieved. Any development policy should set limited goals and a gradual approach to avoid falling victim to something Prittchet, Woolcock and Andrews call 'premature load bearing'. Many times

918-547: Is to seek out new economic opportunities and retain their existing business wealth. There are numerous other organizations whose primary function is not economic development that work in partnership with economic developers. They include the news media, foundations, utilities, schools, health care providers, faith-based organizations, and colleges, universities, and other education or research institutions. There are various types of macroeconomic and sociocultural indicators or "metrics" used by economists and geographers to assess

969-429: Is typically associated with improvements in a variety of areas or indicators (such as literacy rates , life expectancy , and poverty rates) , that may be causes of economic development rather than consequences of specific economic development programs. For example, health and education improvements have been closely related to economic growth, but the causality with economic development may not be obvious. In any case, it

1020-402: The 2020 United States census , there were 13,487 people, 4,512 households, and 3,536 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, 9,652 people, 3,478 households, and 2,598 were families residing in the city. The population density was 2,017.5 inhabitants per square mile (779.0/km ). The 4,047 housing units averaged 845.9 per square mile (326.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city

1071-645: The Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). These indicators were first introduced in the 1995 UNDP Human Development Report. Other factors include the inflation rate, investment level and national debt , birth and death rates, life expectancy , morbidity , education levels (measured through literacy and numeracy rates), housing , social services like hospitals , health facilities , clean and safe drinking water , schools (measured by

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1122-598: The Texas Revolution . The population was 13,487 as of 2020. The city has a total area of 6.9 square miles (18 km ), all land. According to the Köppen climate classification , Andrews has a semiarid climate , BSk on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Andrews was 113 °F (45.0 °C) on June 27, 1994, while the coldest temperature recorded was −1 °F (−18.3 °C) on February 2, 1985. As of

1173-527: The post-war period of reconstruction initiated by the United States. In 1949, during his inaugural speech, President Harry Truman identified the development of undeveloped areas as a priority for the West: There have been several major phases of development theory since 1945. Alexander Gerschenkron argued that the less developed the country is at the outset of economic development (relative to others),

1224-539: The 1980s pushing an agenda of free trade and removal of import substitution industrialization policies. In economics, the study of economic development was born out of an extension to traditional economics that focused entirely on the national product , or the aggregate output of goods and services. Economic development was concerned with the expansion of people's entitlements and their corresponding capabilities, such as morbidity , nourishment , literacy , education , and other socio-economic indicators. Borne out of

1275-470: The 20th and 21st centuries, but the concept has existed in the West for far longer. " Modernization ", " Westernization ", and especially " industrialization " are other terms often used while discussing economic development. Historically, economic development policies focused on industrialization and infrastructure ; since the 1960s, it has increasingly focused on poverty reduction . Whereas economic development

1326-462: The World Bank under McNamara's tenure "sold" states poverty reduction "through a mixture of persuasion and coercion." The development of a country has been associated with different concepts but generally encompasses economic growth through higher productivity, political systems that represent as accurately as possible the preferences of its citizens, The extension of rights to all social groups and

1377-528: The World Bank, he introduced key changes, most notably, shifting the Bank's economic development policies toward targeted poverty reduction. Before his tenure at the World Bank, poverty did not receive substantial attention as part of international and national economic development; the focus of development had been on industrialization and infrastructure. Poverty also came to be redefined as a condition faced by people rather than countries. According to Martha Finnemore,

1428-434: The attainment of a standard of living equivalent to that of industrialized countries . Economic development can also be considered as a static theory that documents the state of an economy at a certain place. According to Schumpeter and Backhaus (2003), the changes in this equilibrium state documented in economic theory can only be caused by intervening factors coming from the outside. Economic development originated in

1479-480: The backdrop of Keynesian economics (advocating government intervention), and neoclassical economics (stressing reduced intervention), with the rise of high-growth countries ( Singapore , South Korea , Hong Kong ) and planned governments ( Argentina , Chile , Sudan , Uganda ), economic development and more generally development economics emerged amidst these mid-20th century theoretical interpretations of how economies prosper. Also, economist Albert O. Hirschman ,

1530-428: The campus was completed in 2013 adding space for a registered nurse program. The Andrews County Veterans Memorial is a memorial in Andrews that was created in 2006 as a tribute to those Andrews County residents who served in the United States' armed forces . Soldiers from every major conflict in which America has participated are honored. The Andrews Bird Viewing Trail opened to the public in 2007. The park includes

1581-469: The company, which employs about 200 people. In 2011, the city opened Business Park South to provide more incentive options for attracting businesses. Energy Business Park was also opened by the city in 2014. The city completed more than $ 3 million in airport renovations. Voters approved bonds to construct a new $ 13 million loop around town, which opened in October 2013. A new $ 2 million fire station opened at

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1632-524: The correct meridian. New Mexico's draft constitution in 1910 stated that the border is on the 103rd meridian as intended. The disputed strip, hundreds of miles long, includes parts of valuable oilfields of the Permian Basin . A bill was passed in the New Mexico Senate to fund and file a lawsuit in the U.S. Supreme Court to recover the strip from Texas, but the bill did not become law. Today, land in

1683-416: The country's efforts to develop. In its broadest sense, policies of economic development encompass three major areas: Contractionary monetary policy is a tool used by central banks to slow down a country's economic growth. An example would be raising interest rates to decrease lending. In the United States, the use of contractionary monetary policy has increased women's unemployment. Seguino and Heintz uses

1734-624: The distance learners must travel to reach them), ability to use hard infrastructure (railways, roads, ports, airports, harbours, etc.), and telecommunications and other soft infrastructure like the Internet . The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) focuses on aggregating various indicators that focus on capturing the economic, political, and professional gains made by women. The GEM is composed of just three variables: income earning power, share in professional and managerial jobs, and share of parliamentary seats. The Gender Development Index (GDI) measures

1785-659: The economic development goals of specific countries cannot be reached because they lack the State's capabilities to do so. For example, if a nation has little capacity to carry out basic functions like security and policing or core service delivery it is unlikely that a program that wants to foster a free-trade zone (special economic zones) or distribute vaccinations to vulnerable populations can accomplish their goals. This has been something overlooked by multiple international organizations, aid programs and even participating governments who attempt to carry out 'best practices' from other places in

1836-531: The end of 2013. A new $ 60 million hospital opened in 2015. Stores in the town began to sell alcohol for the first time on December 19, 2013. A $ 28-million jail broke ground in April 2019. A $ 5-million expansion of city hall and new food bank were also started. Students are served by the Andrews Independent School District . The school opened two new $ 18.5 million elementary school campuses and

1887-543: The growth of globalization has linked economic development with trends on international trade and participation in global value chains (GVCs) and international financial markets. The last financial crisis had a huge effect on economies in developing countries. Economist Jayati Ghosh states that it is necessary to make financial markets in developing countries more resilient by providing a variety of financial institutions . This could also add to financial security for small-scale producers. Economic development has evolved into

1938-448: The incentive compatibility problems that can happen to foreign aid donations –that foreign aid granting countries continue to give it to countries with little results of economic growth but with corrupt leaders that are aligned with the granting countries' geopolitical interests and agenda –there are problems of fiscal fragility associated to receiving an important amount of government revenues through foreign aid. Governments that can raise

1989-428: The more likely certain conditions are to occur. Hence, all countries do not progress similarly. From the 1940s to the 1960s the state played a large role in promoting industrialization in developing countries, following the idea of modernization theory . This period was followed by a brief period of basic needs development focusing on human capital development and redistribution in the 1970s. Neoliberalism emerged in

2040-448: The opportunities to get them and the proper functionality of institutions and organizations that can attend more technically and logistically complex tasks (i.e. raise taxes and deliver public services). These processes describe the State's capabilities to manage its economy, polity, society and public administration. Generally, economic development policies attempt to solve issues in these topics. With this in mind, economic development

2091-461: The people in question and their nation. The UNDP indicates four chief factors in development, especially human development, which are empowerment, equity, productivity, and sustainability. Mansell and Wehn state that economic development has been understood by non-practitioners since the World War II to involve economic growth, namely the increases in per capita income , and (if currently absent)

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2142-453: The relative economic advancement of a given region or nation. The World Bank 's "World Development Indicators" are compiled annually from officially recognized international sources and include national, regional and global estimates. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by mid-year population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidizes not included in

2193-506: The site. The 30-acre compact site is owned and regulated by the State of Texas for use by Texas, Vermont, and up to 36 other states. The 90-acre federal site is owned by the United States federal government and is used for Department of Energy and other federal waste. The company employs 130 people or about 1% of the total labor force in Andrews. For years, a dispute has been simmering concerning to which state these waste sites belong: Texas or New Mexico? The straight north–south border between

2244-517: The strip is included in by the way in Texas land surveys and the waste sites for all purposes are taxed and governed by Texas. The city was set to be the location of the now defunct $ 400 million HT3R project. In 1972, Andrews became the site of the first Kirby Company vacuum cleaner factory outside of the original location in Ohio. It is often referred to as "Kirby West" to signify the westward expansion of

2295-511: The tablets. The memorial incorporates works of art by Ray Simon of Youngstown, Ohio, and was completed at a cost of $ 150,000 which was raised via donation. Soldiers from every major conflict in which America has participated are honored. There are three fallen Andrews County Soldiers honored at the memorial: Kenneth L. Boykin, Ronald D. Horn, and Ray M. Bevel. 32°19′03″N 102°33′15″W  /  32.3175°N 102.5542°W  / 32.3175; -102.5542 This public art article

2346-461: The two states was originally defined as the 103rd meridian, but the 1859 survey that was supposed to mark that boundary mistakenly set the border between 2.29 and 3.77 miles too far west of that line, making the waste sites, along with the current towns of Farwell , Texline , and part of Glenrio , appear to be within the State of Texas . New Mexico's short border with Oklahoma, in contrast, was surveyed on

2397-415: The value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Median income is related to real gross national income per capita and income distribution . European development economists have argued that the existence of modern transportation networks- such as high-speed rail infrastructure constitutes

2448-415: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75, and the average family size was 3.26. In the city, the age distribution was 31.5% under 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males. The median income for

2499-511: Was 75.65% White, 2.04% African American, 0.90% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 17.75% from other races, and 2.94% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 41.95% of the population. Of the 3,478 households, 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were not families. About 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who

2550-639: Was drilled (1929) by Deep Rock Oil Company on Missourian Charles E. Ogden's property, Andrews County became one of the major oil-producing counties in Texas, having produced in excess of 1 billion barrels (160,000,000 m ) of oil. The cyclical nature of the oil business (as well as diminishing production on existing wells), though, has caused the community to look into new means of economic development , such as waste disposal, which in some areas has caused controversy. Waste Control Specialists (WCS), owned by Harold Simmons and headquartered in Dallas, Texas , operates

2601-525: Was passed in 2018 for new construction due to growth. A $ 156.7-million bond was passed in 2023 for new construction and renovation of the high school complex. The Andrews Business and Technology Center was completed in January 2006, in conjunction with Odessa College and the University of Texas of the Permian Basin . The school focuses on technology and is a hub for distance learning. A $ 1 million expansion of

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